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Eastern
Philosophies
ARIANNE ACOL PICAÑA
HINDUISM BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
Origins
Hinduism is a collection of religious
beliefs that developed slowly over a
long period of time.
Hindus believe that their religion helps
you free your soul from the sadness,
disappointments, and mistakes of
everyday life.
Unlike other major religions like
Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, &
Judaism, it cannot be traced back to a
single founder.
The main symbol of
Hinduism is called Om
(orAum). It represents
the spirit of all things in
the world. The name
“Om” represents the
sound that was made
when the universe was
created.
There are hundreds of different Hindu gods, and not
all Hindus worship all the gods. Sometimes families
have a certain favorite god they worship, or regions
in India have favorite gods.
Hindu Gods
The Big 3
Hindus believe the spirit of the
universe takes the form of three
main gods. Hindus can choose
to pray to all of these forms,
some of them,
or none.
Brahma:The Creator
Vishnu:The Protector
Shiva:The Destroyer
Vedas & Upanishads
(Writings that describe all the fundamentalteachings that are central
to Hinduism)
Vedas (1700-500BC)- Sacred scriptures,
treasure vault to wisdom and knowledge.
Hymns, ritualistic songs, incantations, charms
and curses.
Upanishads (750 to 550BC) – Sequel of
the Vedas which is more focused on spiritual
enlightenment.
Holy Texts:
BRAHMA- is said to be the God of creation. He
is also called as the writer of destiny of people.
ATMAN – the higher aspect of what we
understand as “soul” (the real self)
BRAHMAN
• The Ground of all things
• Supreme being
• The Universal Soul
“Atman is Brahman”
The five sheaths are considered as dark
coverings of ignorance that lie underneath
the whole created world. Only when this
has been torn away can the true self be
identified with Brahman.
What is the True Self?
• The real self (atman) is distinct from
the temporary body.
• The true self is the soul. The soul is an
atomic particle of consciousness, which
at the present moment is covered by the
psychic and physical layers that are
projected.
• You are not your mind, you are not your
body.
The world, including man is but a
“maya” – an illusion, appearance,
reflection of Brahman.
Pure consciousness is the reality and
this can only be achieved through
self-realization.
Reincarnation
• This is the concept that the
soul is immortal, and all life
forms are reborn into a new
entity after death.
• The soul travels from one
body to the next.
Belief:
The body is
temporary: it dies.
The soul is eternal
& indestructible.
Karma
Karma is the concept that if you
do good deeds, good things will
happen in your life. If you do bad
deeds, bad things will happen to
you in life.
Further, if you live a good life
(doing good deeds, being a spiritual
follower of Hinduism), you will be
reincarnated into a higher form, if
you live a bad life, you will be
reincarnated into a lower form.
Belief:
1. Dharma: be a good, virtuous, moral person.
2. Kama: seek happiness, pleasure, emotional
fulfillment (love, friendship, community).
3. Artha: earn material prosperity: money.
(This allows you and your family to live a
secure life).
4. Moksha: the final aim, seek freedom
from ignorance, spirituality, and self-
knowledge. (self-realization)
Four Goals of Life in Hinduism:
Moksha
Moksha is when your soul becomes free from the cycle of
rebirth, and is no longer reincarnated. This happens after you
reach the highest level of rebirth, and you can can’t be born
into a higher form. When you reach Moksha, it means you
have had all of life’s experiences, learned all of life’s lessons,
and reached a perfect understanding of the universe. Instead
of being reincarnated, your soul becomes one with god.
Belief:
What happens after Self-Realization?
• Self Realization not only helps one progress spiritually,
but also helps one carry out worldly interactions with ease.
 You can solve all the day-to-day problems with
equanimity.
 You will not be affected by any worries or miseries.
 Neither the intent to hurt nor the lingering of annoyance
will be present in the anger after Self Realization.
 Fearlessness and independence arise in those who have
attained the Self.
 After Self Realization one becomes impartial. One is
not partial to the mind, body and speech and that is why
they can see their own mistakes.
Caste System
The Caste System is a system where
people are born into certain social
classes, and they CANNOT change
their social class. Your social class is
determined by Karma: if you are a good
person you will be born into a higher
social class in your next life.
Under the Caste System, who you can
marry, what jobs you can have, and
where you can live are restricted by
your social class.
The system is less frequent than it was in the past, but still exists
in rural areas of India today.
FOUR GOALS
OF HINDUISM
 Artha
 Kama
 Dharma
 Moksha
Implications to Education
• Generate superior human character as a whole, intelligence
and wisdom are accentuated.
• Learning does not limit itself in learning of facts and figures,
but emphasizes in developing wisdom by forming a
connection between mind, body and spirit.
• This is different from dominant Western view of learning
which seeks cause-and-effect relationships with the worldly
phenomena
• Learning by heart
• Methods of debate, discussion, speculation and argument
were salient features of education
Buddhism
SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
• H e was born into a wealthy
family and p r o p h e c i e s
s t a t e d t h a t if h e s t a y e d
h o m e , h e would
b e c o m e a king, and if h e
l e f t h o m e h e would
b e c o m e a spiritual leader.
H i s family chose to keep him
sheltered at home, not allowing
him to leavethe palace.
• Gautama lived in luxury and
s a f e t y in t h e walls o f t h e
pal ac e.
Implications to Education
• Aims at a personality transformation into a highest form of
humanity through ethical, intellectual and spiritual
perfection.
• The major aim of Buddhist education is all round
development of child’s personality. This includes his
physical, mental, moral and intellectual development. The
other aims of Buddhist Education are to make a free man, a
wise, intelligent, moral, non-violent & secular man.
Thank you for listening!

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EASTERN PHILOSOPHIES.pptx

  • 3. Origins Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of time. Hindus believe that their religion helps you free your soul from the sadness, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday life. Unlike other major religions like Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, & Judaism, it cannot be traced back to a single founder. The main symbol of Hinduism is called Om (orAum). It represents the spirit of all things in the world. The name “Om” represents the sound that was made when the universe was created.
  • 4. There are hundreds of different Hindu gods, and not all Hindus worship all the gods. Sometimes families have a certain favorite god they worship, or regions in India have favorite gods. Hindu Gods
  • 5. The Big 3 Hindus believe the spirit of the universe takes the form of three main gods. Hindus can choose to pray to all of these forms, some of them, or none. Brahma:The Creator Vishnu:The Protector Shiva:The Destroyer
  • 6. Vedas & Upanishads (Writings that describe all the fundamentalteachings that are central to Hinduism) Vedas (1700-500BC)- Sacred scriptures, treasure vault to wisdom and knowledge. Hymns, ritualistic songs, incantations, charms and curses. Upanishads (750 to 550BC) – Sequel of the Vedas which is more focused on spiritual enlightenment. Holy Texts:
  • 7. BRAHMA- is said to be the God of creation. He is also called as the writer of destiny of people. ATMAN – the higher aspect of what we understand as “soul” (the real self) BRAHMAN • The Ground of all things • Supreme being • The Universal Soul “Atman is Brahman”
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  • 9. The five sheaths are considered as dark coverings of ignorance that lie underneath the whole created world. Only when this has been torn away can the true self be identified with Brahman.
  • 10. What is the True Self? • The real self (atman) is distinct from the temporary body. • The true self is the soul. The soul is an atomic particle of consciousness, which at the present moment is covered by the psychic and physical layers that are projected. • You are not your mind, you are not your body.
  • 11. The world, including man is but a “maya” – an illusion, appearance, reflection of Brahman.
  • 12. Pure consciousness is the reality and this can only be achieved through self-realization.
  • 13. Reincarnation • This is the concept that the soul is immortal, and all life forms are reborn into a new entity after death. • The soul travels from one body to the next. Belief: The body is temporary: it dies. The soul is eternal & indestructible.
  • 14. Karma Karma is the concept that if you do good deeds, good things will happen in your life. If you do bad deeds, bad things will happen to you in life. Further, if you live a good life (doing good deeds, being a spiritual follower of Hinduism), you will be reincarnated into a higher form, if you live a bad life, you will be reincarnated into a lower form. Belief:
  • 15. 1. Dharma: be a good, virtuous, moral person. 2. Kama: seek happiness, pleasure, emotional fulfillment (love, friendship, community). 3. Artha: earn material prosperity: money. (This allows you and your family to live a secure life). 4. Moksha: the final aim, seek freedom from ignorance, spirituality, and self- knowledge. (self-realization) Four Goals of Life in Hinduism:
  • 16. Moksha Moksha is when your soul becomes free from the cycle of rebirth, and is no longer reincarnated. This happens after you reach the highest level of rebirth, and you can can’t be born into a higher form. When you reach Moksha, it means you have had all of life’s experiences, learned all of life’s lessons, and reached a perfect understanding of the universe. Instead of being reincarnated, your soul becomes one with god. Belief:
  • 17. What happens after Self-Realization? • Self Realization not only helps one progress spiritually, but also helps one carry out worldly interactions with ease.  You can solve all the day-to-day problems with equanimity.  You will not be affected by any worries or miseries.  Neither the intent to hurt nor the lingering of annoyance will be present in the anger after Self Realization.  Fearlessness and independence arise in those who have attained the Self.  After Self Realization one becomes impartial. One is not partial to the mind, body and speech and that is why they can see their own mistakes.
  • 18. Caste System The Caste System is a system where people are born into certain social classes, and they CANNOT change their social class. Your social class is determined by Karma: if you are a good person you will be born into a higher social class in your next life. Under the Caste System, who you can marry, what jobs you can have, and where you can live are restricted by your social class. The system is less frequent than it was in the past, but still exists in rural areas of India today.
  • 19. FOUR GOALS OF HINDUISM  Artha  Kama  Dharma  Moksha
  • 20. Implications to Education • Generate superior human character as a whole, intelligence and wisdom are accentuated. • Learning does not limit itself in learning of facts and figures, but emphasizes in developing wisdom by forming a connection between mind, body and spirit. • This is different from dominant Western view of learning which seeks cause-and-effect relationships with the worldly phenomena • Learning by heart • Methods of debate, discussion, speculation and argument were salient features of education
  • 22. SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA • H e was born into a wealthy family and p r o p h e c i e s s t a t e d t h a t if h e s t a y e d h o m e , h e would b e c o m e a king, and if h e l e f t h o m e h e would b e c o m e a spiritual leader. H i s family chose to keep him sheltered at home, not allowing him to leavethe palace. • Gautama lived in luxury and s a f e t y in t h e walls o f t h e pal ac e.
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  • 27. Implications to Education • Aims at a personality transformation into a highest form of humanity through ethical, intellectual and spiritual perfection. • The major aim of Buddhist education is all round development of child’s personality. This includes his physical, mental, moral and intellectual development. The other aims of Buddhist Education are to make a free man, a wise, intelligent, moral, non-violent & secular man.
  • 28. Thank you for listening!