biological macromolecules large cellular components abundantly obtained naturally and are responsible for varieties of essential functions for the growth and survival of living organisms.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
biological macromolecules large cellular components abundantly obtained naturally and are responsible for varieties of essential functions for the growth and survival of living organisms.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of LifeSimple ABbieC
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
IV. Theories on the Origin of Life
V. Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
This is a PowerPoint Presentation about Magmatism, a lesson in Earth and Life Science, First quarter for Grade 11/12 Students. This will help them understand the lesson and make them familiar with the topic.
1st qtr - earth and life science - (1) How layers of rocks formed - (2) met...Ashley Minerva
1st qtr - earth and life science - (1) How layers of rocks formed - (2) methods to determine the age of stratified rocks: relative dating and absolute dating
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed,
Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks, and
Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time.
The relative age of a rock is its age when compared with the ages of other rocksThe absolute age of a rock is a calculation of the number of years that have passed since the rock formed.
Earth's Internal Structure - Earth and Life Science / Earth Science for SHS
I do not own any material in this presentation. Credits go to their respective owners.
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Learning Competency:
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use. (S11ES-Ic-d-8)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
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1st qtr - earth and life science - (1) How layers of rocks formed - (2) met...Ashley Minerva
1st qtr - earth and life science - (1) How layers of rocks formed - (2) methods to determine the age of stratified rocks: relative dating and absolute dating
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed,
Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks, and
Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time.
The relative age of a rock is its age when compared with the ages of other rocksThe absolute age of a rock is a calculation of the number of years that have passed since the rock formed.
Earth's Internal Structure - Earth and Life Science / Earth Science for SHS
I do not own any material in this presentation. Credits go to their respective owners.
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESSSimple ABbieC
Earth Materials and Processes : ENDOGENIC PROCESS
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
geologic processes that occur within the Earth and
the folding and faulting of rocks
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solid with definite chemical composition and that exhibits a crystalline structure.
Characteristics of Minerals
1. A mineral is Naturally-Occurring
A mineral should be naturally-occurring with respect to its formation.
It should be made by natural processes without the aid of any organism.
In the case of laboratory studies, any material that is formed in laboratories or artificial conditions is not considered a mineral.
2. A mineral is Inorganic
It is formed by inorganic processes and does not contain any organic compound.
The process to produce a mineral by natural means is extended further by making sure that no organic material ( or what was once part of an organism) be considered a mineral.
This would mean that bones, shells, teeth, and other hard parts of an organism are not minerals.
3. A mineral is a homogeneous Solid
We should be able to see something that is uniform in appearance and is in the solid state of matter.
This property of minerals is very important especially when dealing with materials in other states such as liquids and gases.
A mineral should exhibit stability at room temperature, which can only be attained if it is solid.
4. A mineral has a definite Chemical Composition
Most minerals are chemical compounds and can therefore be represented using a fixed or variable chemical formula.
Example:
A mineral with a fixed chemical formula is quartz (SiO2). This indicates that the mineral quartz contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms.
5. A mineral has an ordered internal/crystalline structure
Minerals look like crystals since the arrangement of their atoms is ordered and repetitive.
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
NOTE: Knowing whether a material is crystalline or not would require sophisticated methods such as involving the use of X-rays (XRD).
Mineraloids
Any material which passes most of the criteria (but not all) we have set can be considered a mineraloid.
Most of the time, mineraloids are naturally-occurring, inorganic, homogeneous solids with definite chemical compositions but with no ordered internal structure.
Examples of mineraloids are volcanic glass and opal.
Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Learning Competency:
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use. (S11ES-Ic-d-8)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
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Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
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Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
mamali national high school
mamali lambayong sultan kudarat
entrep week 1 las 1
entrep week 1 las 2
entrep week 1 las 3
entrep week 2 las 1
entrep week 2 las 2
entrep week 2 las 3
DepEd SHS STEM General Chemistry Modules Quarters 1-2 by Tapayan
General Chemistry
GenChem
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
K to 12 Senior High School STEM Specialized Subject – General Chemistry 1 and 2
Quarter 1 – General Chemistry 1
Matter and Its Properties
Measurements
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Stoichiometry
Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas
Chemical reactions and chemical equations
Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions
Gases
Dalton’s Law of partial pressures
Gas stoichiometry
Kinetic molecular theory of gases
Quarter 2 – General Chemistry 1
Electronic Structure of Atoms
Electronic Structure and Periodicity
Chemical Bonding
Organic compounds
Quarter 3 – General Chemistry 2
Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
Physical Properties of Solutions
Thermochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Quarter 4 – General Chemistry 2
Chemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Equilibrium
Acid-Base Equilibria and Salt Equilibria
Electrochemistry
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. NOT
Earth and Life
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 11
Genetic Engineering
& GMOs
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School
2. Earth Science- Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 11: Genetic Engineering
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author: Corazon M. Baculio
Reviewers: Jean Macasero, Shirley Merida, Duque Caguindangan, Eleanor Rollan,
Rosemarie Dullente, Marife Ramos, January Gay Valenzona, Mary Sieras, Arnold
Langam,, Amelito Bucod
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Shiela S. Abrea
Jessica B. Cuňado
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Jean S. Macasero, PhD, EPS-1, Division SHS
Joel D. Potane, LRMDS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Marvin Anthony A. Ramos, School Head
Rosanna Q. Ubalde, PhD, School Head
Printed in the Philippines by
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Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph
3. Senior High School
Earth and Life
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 11:
Genetic Engineering
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed
by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School
5. Table of Contents
What This Module is About ...................................................................................................................i
What I Need to Know..............................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................ii
What I Know........................................................................................................................................... iii
Lesson 1:
Genetic Engineering...........................................................................................................
What I Need to Know ....................................................................................1
What’s New: Genetic Engineering: Processes!...........................................1-2
What’s More: Activity 1: You Fill Me Up! ......................................................2
What’s New: Types of Genetic Modification.................................................3
What’s More
Activity 2: “Bisayang Manok” vs. “Commercial Chicken” ....................4
What is It: Advantages & Disadvantages. ....................................................5
What I Have Learned: Activity 3: A Boon or Bane? ....................................6
What I Can Do: An Imaginary Creature Activity ...........................................7
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………………..10
Key to Answers...................................................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................13
7. Module 11
Genetic Engineering & GMOs
What This Module is About
Genetic Engineering also called Genetic Modification is one of the many branches of
applied biology. It is the changing of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. This module
discusses the basic concepts on Genetic Engineering or GE and identifying some of the
Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs.
The history of Genetic Engineering can be traced back in 1953 when James Watson
discovered the structure of DNA, after which scientists were able to understand and changed
the structure. The idea of Genetic Engineering is something that we associate with the 20th
century. No one knew that genes were actually the mechanism of Heredity until the middle of
the 20th
century. The direct modification of genes for some purpose did not even start until the
1970s. but it is worth noting that human beings have been, in some ways, influencing the
genetics of organisms for a very, very, very long time.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-genetics/hs-
biotechnology/v/introduction-to-genetic-engineering
As one of the greatest technological breakthroughs in science, this module
demonstrates an understanding of the concept of Genetic Engineering. This module focuses
on the simplest yet comprehensive lessons that will be tackled. You will appreciate the values
that one must uphold in this worthwhile scientific endeavor. Advantages/benefits and
disadvantages will also be given emphasis at the end of this module.
This module will also help you explore your own imagination and express your
creativity as you create your own imaginary - Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). This way,
one will come to appreciate the effort exerted by our scientists in producing only the best
organisms with desirable characteristics.
What I Need to Know
The following are the lessons contained in this module:
1. Definition of Genetic Engineering and its different types;
2. Description on the different processes;
3. Identification of some examples of existing Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):
4. The advantages and disadvantages of GMOs.
i
8. How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
ii
9. What I Know
Pre-Assessment Test
Part I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.
1. Which of the following terms is not associated to genetic engineering?
A. modification C. destruction
B. manipulation D. biotechnology
2. Which of the following cites the disadvantage of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?
A. It makes agricultural practices much safer.
B. It can create an extended life.
C. It can lead to more birth defects.
D. It reduces the risks of depleted water supply.
3. Which of following genetic engineering cannot modify?
A. Plants C. Animals
B. Microbes D. Rocks
4. Which of the following is not considered as a use of biotechnology?
A. use of plastic wrappers to make chairs, tables and other furniture.
B. use of living cells to make products such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages
C. use of organisms such as bacteria to protect the environment
D. use of DNA science for the production of materials for diagnostics and research.
5. What genetic engineering process involves DNA strands are cut into fragments?
A. Recombinant DNA C. Recombinant DNA technology
B. Restriction DNA D. DNA sequencing
Part II. Give what is asked.
1. Direction: Give at least five (5) advantages and five (5) disadvantages of GMOs.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Advantages Disadvantages
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
2. What do Bisayang Manok and a Commercial chicken have in common? How do
they differ?
iii
11. Lesson GENETIC ENGINEERING
& GMOs
1
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Describe what is Genetic Engineering and its processes (MELC20_LR1&2);
2. Identify the different types of Genetic Engineering and give examples for each type.
(MELC20_LR3&4);
3. Give some uses of Genetically Modified Organisms (MELC21_LR1);
4. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages/risks of GMOs.
(MELC21_LR2&3);
5. Discuss moral issues that beset Genetic Engineering (MELC21_LR4).
What’s New
Genetic Engineering Processes
Biotechnology is the use of biological techniques and engineered organisms to make
products or plants and animals that have desired traits. In order to carry on this technology, it
employs different processes such as:
• Restriction Enzymes which is the cutting of the DNA strands into fragments. It is
basically used to create DNA fragments with sticky ends or blunt ends that can join
with other DNA fragments.
• Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size. It is used to study DNA
fragments of various sizes.
• Recombinant DNA Technology is the combination of a DNA fragment with the DNA
from another source also called exogenous DNA.
• Gene Cloning is the production of the large numbers of identical recombinant DNA
molecules. It is used to create large amounts of recombinant DNA to be used in
genetically engineered organism.
1
12. • DNA Sequencing is used to identify the DNA sequence of cloned recombinant DNA
molecule to further study. It is used to identify errors in the DNA sequences to predict
the function of a particular gene and to compare to other genes with similar sequences
from different organisms.
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) makes copies of specific regions of sequenced
DNA. It is used to copy DNA for any scientific investigation including forensic analysis
and medical testing.
What’s More
Activity 1: You Fill Me Up!
Direction: Given the different Genetic Engineering tool or processes, give the
function and application of each.
2
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Tool/Processes Function Applications
Restriction
enzymes
Ex. EcoR
Gel Electrophoresis
Recombinant DNA
Technology
Gene cloning
DNA sequencing
Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)
13. What’s New
3 Types of Genetic Modification
Plant Genetic Modification
The easiest method of plant genetic modification used by our wandering ancestors
and until today, is simple selection. That is, genetically heterogeneous population of plants
is inspected, and “superior” individuals - plants with the most desired traits, like improved
palatability and yield - are selected for continued propagation.
ex. Production of pest-resistant plants
ex. Increase of crop production
Animal Genetic Modification
Modern breeds of livestock differ dramatically from their ancestors as a result of
breeding strategies. Established and emerging biotechnology in animal agriculture include
assisted reproductive technologies; use of naturally occurring hormones, such as
recombinants, and biotechnologies to enhance reproductive efficiency without affecting
the genome; and biotechnologies to enhance expression of desirable genes.
ex. Increase of milk production per cow
ex. Double production of eggs in chickens
Genetic Modification of Microbes
Microorganisms play significant roles in food production. They serve as primary and
secondary roles in food fermentation and in food spoilage, and they can produce enzymes
or other metabolites used in food production and processing. Humans have used and
genetically modified microbes for centuries to produce food, wine, bread, and cheese are
common examples of ancient foods, still popular, depend on microbial ingredients and
activities.
ex. Increase microbe-dependent-food production
ex. Increase human immunity/ resistance to microbe-caused-diseases
For more information on Genetic Engineering and GMOs, visit the following link:
• https://www.slideshare.net/shainamavreenvillaroza/genetic-engineering-and-
biotechnology-48776975
• https://www.slideshare.net/SECBIO/genetic-engineering-13933607
• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-
genetics/hs-biotechnology/v/introduction-to-genetic-engineering
3
14. What’s More
Activity 2: “Bisayang Manok” vs. Commercial Chicken
Direction: It’s time to synthesize your learning. Table 2 below contains statements
that may or may not describe both “Bisayang Manok” and “Commercial Chicken”. Organize
them on the Venn diagram to show comparison and contrast between “Bisayang Manok” and
“Commercial Chicken”.
Table 2. Description of “Bisayang Manok” and “Commercial Chicken”
Venn Diagram
4
Higher protein Lower fat
Yellow-orange egg yolk Low-flying birds
Lesser muscle mass Higher muscle mass
Deep complex flavor Low protein
Less beneficial to health More beneficial for health
Higher fat Has feathers
Less complex flavor Has short pointed beak
“Bisayang
Manok”
Commercial
Chicken
Both
15. What Is It
Advantages/Benefits
One of the main reasons why scientists conduct Genetic Engineering (GE) is to provide
and sustain human. The modern practice of genetic engineering goes beyond cross-breeding
different species to create a new outcome. There are many advantages that genetic engineering
can bring the world today. One is that it makes agricultural practices much safer by reducing, if
not totally eliminating the use of pesticides. This will result in creating greater yields since farmers
will no longer spend extra money for pesticides. No use of pesticides would lead to improve
growth rate of crops and consequently create better food products. GE allows specific traits to be
developed for plants and animals.
It can improve resistance to diseases and even stop genetic diseases in humans. We
already have genetic testing in place to test for certain cancers. GE could be used DNA
manipulation to help treat or cure people who are born with genetic disorders. The different tools
of genetic engineering could produce novel medical treatments like vaccines, insulin, and even
hormone treatment. Through GE we can create more treatments that allow us to be proactive
more often against pathogens that can have life-threatening characteristics.
Disadvantages
There are also disadvantages that genetic engineering can bring like: amount of diversity
that is available is limited. The reason for this is the industry will focus on the product or organism
that performs well. Another disadvantage is, it’s prone to technological abuse. Currently, we have
laws and treaties in place to prevent genetic engineering abuse. However, that does not mean
that abuse on its use will not occur. The next disadvantage is the genetic engineering process
can only be copyrighted in the United States, a rule that GE DNA sequences can be patented.
That makes the rule more profitable for organizations to study DNA manipulation instead of
working for the good of humanity. Another disadvantage is, it can bring difficult legal liabilities with
unintended consequences. Seeds and crops can also be patented. This brings issues for farmers
who encounters GMOs on their land due to unintentional spread. GE does create a natural barrier
against disease and harsh environmental conditions. It also just extend the resilience of plants
and animals. The changes made are not permanent benefits. More modifications are required
over time because nature eventually adapts. Pathogens become stronger to affect the stronger
plants and animals. Our own experience with medicines that we take like antibiotics is an
evidence to this fact.
5
16. What I Have Learned
Activity 3: A Boon or Bane?
Part A.
Direction:
Make a table and cite at least ten (10) advantages and ten (10)
disadvantages of Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
Part B.
Direction:
Answer in 2-3 sentences.
Question:
In your own opinion, are GMOs considered as a boon or a bane? Support your answer.
6
17. What I Can Do
Activity 4: An Imaginary Creature Activity
Direction: Let your imagination work! Consider yourself as one of the Genetic Engineers.
Using your drawing materials, illustrate a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) that you
would produce. Emphasize the unique features of this creature and the benefits it would give
to mankind.
Name of Creature
Description
Special Features
7
18. Rubrics for the Imaginary Creature Activity
RUBRICS
Category 4 3 2 1
Presentation
The poster
clearly
communicates
the main idea
and strongly
promotes
awareness.
The poster
clearly
communicates
some of the
important ideas
and slightly
promotes
awareness.
The poster
indirectly
communicates
the idea and
hardly promotes
awareness.
The poster
does not
sufficiently
communicate
any idea that
can promote
awareness.
Creativity
and
Originality
All of the
graphics used
on the poster
reflect an
exceptional
degree of
student
ingenuity in their
creation.
Most of the
graphics used on
the poster reflect
student ingenuity
in their creation.
The graphics
were made by
the student but
were copied from
the designs or
ideas of others.
The graphics
were not made
by the student.
Accuracy
and
relevance
All graphics in
the poster are
accurate and
related to the
topic.
Most graphics in
the poster are
accurate and
related to the
topic.
Some graphics
in the poster are
accurate and
related to the
topic.
The graphics in
the poster are
neither
accurate nor
related to the
topic.
Required
Element
The poster
includes all
required
elements as well
as additional
information.
All required
elements are
included.
Few required
elements are
included.
Required
elements are
missing.
8
19. Summary
Biotechnology – is the use of biological techniques and engineered organisms to make
products or plants and animals that have desired traits.
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid – is any of various nucleic acids that are usually the
molecular basis of heredity.
Exogenous DNA – is produced by growth from superficial tissue.
Gel Electrophoresis - separates DNA fragments by size.
Gene Cloning is the production of the large numbers of identical recombinant DNA
molecules.
Genetic Engineering – is a technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one
organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism called
exogenous DNA
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) – is an organism whose genomes has
been engineered in the laboratory in order to favor the expression of
desired physiological traits or the reproduction of desired biological
products.
Genes – is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a
chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the
transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the
structure
9
20. Assessment: (Post-Test)
Part I. Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given
choices.
1. Which of the following is not considered as a use of biotechnology?
A. use of plastic wrappers to make chairs, tables and other furniture.
B. use of living cells to make products such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages
C. use of organisms such as bacteria to protect the environment
D. use of DNA science for the production of materials for diagnostics and research.
2. Which of following genetic engineering cannot modify?
A. Plants C. Animals
B. Microbes D. Rocks
3. Which of the following terms is not associated to genetic engineering?
A. modification C. destruction
B. manipulation D. biotechnology
4. Which of the following cites the disadvantage of GMOs?
A. It makes agricultural practices much safer.
B. It can create an extended life.
C. It can lead to more birth defects.
D. It reduces the risks of depleted water supply.
5. What Genetic Engineering process occurs when DNA strands are cut into fragments?
A. Recombinant DNA C. Recombinant DNA technology
B. Restriction DNA D. DNA sequencing
Part II. Give what is asked.
1. Cite five (5) advantages and five (5) disadvantages of GMOs.
2. Identify and describe the three types of Genetic Modification.
3. Give examples of GMO and non-GMO products (may be plant, animal or microbes).
Which is better? Support your answer.
10
21. Key to Answers
Part I: Pre-Assessment:
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. C
Part II. Give what is asked.
1. Direction: Give at least five (5) advantages and five (5) disadvantages of GMOs.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Advantages Disadvantages
1. It allows for a faster growth rate. 1. the nutritional value of foods can be
reduced.
2. It can create an extended life. 2. it could create new pathogens.
3. specific traits can be developed. 3. there can be negative effects that are
unexpected.
4. new products can be created. 4. the amount of diversity developed can
be less favorable.
5. Greater yields can be produced 5. copyrighted genetic engineering can
have costly consequences.
Part III . Description of “Bisayang Manok” and “Commercial Chicken”
Venn Diagram
11
“Bisayang
Manok”
Commercial
Chicken
Both
*Yellow-orange egg
yolk
*Low-flying birds
*Has feathers
*Has short-pointed
beak
*Higher protein
*Lower fat
*Deep complex
flavor
*Higher muscle
mass
*More beneficial
for health
*Low protein
*Higher fat
*Lesser muscle
mass
* Less complex
flavor
*Less beneficial
to health
22. Activity 2
Activity 3
12
Genetic Engineering
Tool/Processes Function Applications
Restriction enzymes
Ex. EcoR
Cut DNA strands into fragment Used to create DNA fragments with sticky
ends or blunt ends that can join with other
DNA fragments.
Gel Electrophoresis Separates DNA fragments by size Used to study DNA fragments of various
sizes.
Recombinant DNA
Technology
Combines a DNA fragment with DNA
from another source (exogenous
DNA)
Used to create recombinant DNA to be
used to study individual genes and
genetically engineered organisms and in
the treatment of certain diseases.
Gene cloning
Produces large numbers of identical
recombinant DNA molecules
Used to create large amounts of
recombinant DNA to be used in
genetically engineered organisms.
DNA sequencing
Identifies the DNA sequence of
cloned recombinant DNA molecule to
further study
Used to identify errors in the DNA
sequences to predict the function of a
particular gene and to compare to other
genes with similar sequences from
different organisms.
Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)
Makes copies of specific regions of
sequenced DNA
Used to copy DNA for any scientific
investigation including forensic analysis
and medical testing.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. It allows for a faster growth rate. 1. the nutritional value of foods can be reduced.
2. It can create an extended life. 2. it could create new pathogens.
3. specific traits can be developed. 3. there can be negative effects that are unexpected.
4. new products can be created. 4. the amount of diversity developed can be less favorable.
5. Greater yields can be produced 5. copyrighted genetic engineering can have costly consequences.
6. Risks to the water supply can be reduced. 6. it is a technology that can be easily abused.
7. it is a scientific practice that has been in
place for a millennia.
7. It is a process that can be copyrighted in the US.
8. it makes agricultural practices much safer 8. it creates difficult legal liabilities with unintended consequences.
9. it can improve disease resistance 9. it only prolongs the resilience effect.
10. it could stop genetic disease in humans 10. it may have negative consequences when interacting with other
species.
11. it could produce novel medical
treatments
11. it can lead to more birth defects.
23. References
For more information on Genetic Engineering and GMOs, visit the following link:
• https://www.slideshare.net/shainamavreenvillaroza/genetic-engineering-and-
biotechnology-48776975
• https://www.slideshare.net/SECBIO/genetic-engineering-13933607
• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-
genetics/hs-biotechnology/v/introduction-to-genetic-engineering
• https://brandongaille.com/21-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-genetic-
engineering
Other sources also include the links below:
• https://doku.pub/documents/lm-precal-grade11-sem-1-5lwon2y492qj
• https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html
• https://cejerl.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/8-math_lm-u3m9.pdf
• https://www.crystalinks.com/genetics.html
• https://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2012/04/13/epigenetics-does-not-mean
• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-molecular-
genetics/hs-biotechnology/v/introduction-to-genetic-engineering
• https://www.bnl.gov/physics/events/past.php
• https://kapitolyohs.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/module-2-basic-science-
processes.pdf
• https://www.scribd.com/document/180854531/Modern-Biotechnology
• http://shawnareedbio.weebly.com/uploads/8/5/2/3/8523241/unit_7_8_genetics_r
einforcement_.doc
• https://quizlet.com/43572957/biology-genetics-flash-cards/
• https://quizlet.com/170726148/chapter-13-genetics-and-biotechnology-flash-
cards/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953756209811489
• http://ielts-azerbaijan.com/types/reading/
• http://docshare.tips/8633_584f97bfb6d87ff3bd8b545d.html
• https://brandongaille.com/21-advantages-disadvantages-genetic-engineering/
• https://academic.oup.com/ajae/article-abstract/97/1/239/2737520
• https://github.com/BarakOshri/TextualReconstructor/blob/master/data_process
ing/wiki/wiki_28
• https://tophybum.blogspot.com/2015/04/deped-grade-9-learners-module-
science.html
• https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/science-37094718
• https://mste.illinois.edu/courses/ci332fa03/folders/cohort3/michun/math%20uni
t/complete_lesson.htm
• https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
%3A_General_Biology_(OpenStax)/3%3A_Genetics/17%3A_Biotechnology_and
_Genomics/3A_Biotechnology
• https://quizlet.com/94590237/lecture-910-technology-week-flash-cards/
• https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Genetically-Modified-Organisms-And-Its-
Impact-On-PKVKU63L84HW
• https://larryemarshall.wordpress.com/2014/08/
• https://mafiadoc.com/genetic engineering_5b7c422a097c476c518b46ca.html
• https://tlcbiotech2019.blogspot.com/2019/02/gmos-good-bad-ugly.html
• https://epdf.pub/principles-of-gene-manipulation-and-genomicsseventh-
edition.html
• https://vittana.org/13-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-genetic-engineering
13
24. For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph