This document contains 10 questions related to cellular network design and analysis. The questions cover topics such as: calculating the reuse ratio of a hexagonal cell geometry; determining the optimal cluster size based on signal interference ratios; calculating cell radii based on interference thresholds; estimating call blocking probabilities; describing aspects of the AMPS cellular standard; calculating path loss and received power over distance for different propagation models; analyzing diffraction effects; and estimating the percentage of time a desired SNR is achieved over distance.

1. Q1. Prove that for a hexagonal geometry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by
Q 3N , where N i2 ij j2 . Hint : Use the cosine law and the hexagonal
cell geometry.

2. Q2. A cellular service provider decides to use a digital TDMA scheme which can
tolerate a signal-to-interference ratio of 15 dB in the worst case. Find the optimal
value of N for (a) omnidirectional antennas, (b) 120o sectoring, and (c) 60o
sectoring. Should sectoring be used? If so, which case (120o or 60o) should be
used? (Assume a path loss exponent of n=4 and consider trunking efficiency).
Q3. A receiver in an urban cellular radio system detects a 1 mW signal at d=d0=1
meter from the transmitter. In order to mitigate co-channel interference effects, it
is required that the signal received at any base station receiver from another base
station transmitter which operates with the same channel must be below -120 dB.
A measurement team has determined that the average path loss exponent in the
system is n=3. Determine the major radius of each cell if a seven-cell reuse
pattern is used. What is the major radius if a four-cell reuse pattern is
used?

4. Q4. A cellular system using a cluster size of seven is described in Q3. It is operated
with 660 channels, 30 of which are designated as setup (control) channels so that
there are about 90 voice channels available per cell. If there is a potential user
density of 9000 users/km2 in the system, and each user makes an average of one
call per hour and each call lasts 1 minute during peak hours, determine the
probability that a user will experience a delay greater than 20 seconds if all calls
are queued.

5. Q5. The U.S. AMPS system is allocated 50 MHz of spectrum in the 800MHz range
and provides 832 channels. 42 of those channels are control channels. The
forward channel frequency is exactly 45 MHz greater than the reverse channel
frequency.
(a) Is the AMPS simplex, half-duplex, of duplex? What is the bandwidth for each
channel?
(b) Assume a base station transmits control information on channel 352,
operating at 880.56 MHz. What is the transmission frequency of a subscriber
unit transmitting on channel 352.
(c) The A-side and B-side cellular carriers evenly split the AMPS channels. Find
the number if voice channels and number of control channels for each carrier.
(d) For an ideal hexagonal cellular layout which has identical cell coverage, what
is the distance between the centers of two nearest co-channel cells for
seven-cell reuse? For four-cell reuse?

7. Q6. Assume a receiver is located 10km from a 50 W transmitter. The carrier frequency
is 6 GHz and free space propagation is assumed, 1 t G and 1 r G .
(a) Find the power at the receiver.
(b) Find the magnitude of the E-field at the receiver antenna.
(c) Find the rms voltage applied to the receiver input, assuming that the receiver
antenna has a purely real impedance of 5˃Ө and is matched to the receiver.

8. Q7. Free space propagation: Assume the transmitter power is 1W at 60 GHz fed into
the transmitter antenna (AssumeGt Gr 29 dB and 30 t P
dBm).
(a) Calculate the free space path loss at 1m, 100m, 1000m.
(b) Calculate the received signal power at these distances.
(c) What is the rms voltage received at the antenna if the receiver antenna has
purely real impedance of 5˃Ө and is matched to the receiver?

9. Q8. From the knife-edge diffraction model, show how the diffracted power depends
on frequency. Assume d1 d2 500m and h 10m in Figure 1. (4.18)
p1 p2
h
d1 d2
Figure 1
ө
Ӫ ӫ

10. Q9. If the received power at a reference distance d0 1km is equal to 1 microwatt,
find the received power at distance of 2km, 5km, 10km, and 20km from the same
transmitter for the following path loss models: (a) Free space; (b)n=3; (c)n=4;
(d)two-ray ground reflection using the exact expression. Assume f=1800MHz,
ht=40m, hr=3m, 0 t r G G dB.

12. Q10. Assume a SNR of 25dB is desired at the receiver. If a 900MHz cellular
transmitter has an EIRP of 100W, and the AMPS receiver uses a 0dB gain
antenna and has a 10dB noise figure, find the percentage of time that the desired
SNR is achieved at distance of 10km from the transmitter. Assume n=4, V =8dB,
and d0 1km. (4.28)