This document appears to be an exam for a course on cellular and mobile communication. It contains 8 questions related to topics in cellular systems including:
1) Generations of cordless and cellular phones and dynamic channel assignment.
2) Components of a cellular system and co-channel reduction factor.
3) Minimum distance for interference between mobile units based on base station receiver isolation.
4) Calculation of incident angle, elevation angle, ground reflection, and reflection point based on signal coverage parameters.
5) Relations between received power, electric field, and voltage at a receiver based on transmitter power and distance.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
ย
A multiple C-shaped microstrip patch antenna system is presented to provide wide coverage for wireless applications. The system consists of five C-shaped patch antennas fed by a coplanar waveguide network. The antennas and feeding network are fabricated on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Modeling and simulation using HFSS electromagnetic simulator shows the system provides multiple resonance frequencies at 2.4GHz for applications such as DCS, MCS, WLAN, and WiMAX. Simulation results demonstrate return losses of 20dB at 6.7GHz, 10dB at 4.4GHz and 14dB at 1.8GHz, obtaining frequency bands of 1.7-
IRJET - Microstrip Patch Antenna for Low Power Transceiver ApplicationIRJET Journal
ย
The document describes the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna for low power transceiver applications operating at 9GHz. A microstrip patch antenna was designed using FR4 substrate with dimensions optimized for 9GHz operation. The antenna was simulated using HFSS and was found to achieve a return loss of -21.1dB and impedance bandwidth of 1.1GHz centered at 9GHz. Radiation patterns showed good directionality and the antenna achieved a gain of 4dB and directivity of 4.6dB at 9GHz, making it suitable for low power applications like mobile devices.
2. ijece vibha raj_nag oct 12, 2017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
ย
With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Dual band printed slot antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques, different shapes and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of dual band printed slot antennas. This paper is on various techniques for designing dual band printed slot antenna exhibits details of different geometries developed to get multiband behavior of printed slot antenna. In this paper geometry of the antenna and variousparameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are discussed. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by geometry on different shapes of printed slot antenna for 5G next generation wireless (NGW) mobile application are presented.
Hoydis massive mimo and het nets benefits and challenges (1)nwiffen
ย
This document discusses the benefits and challenges of massive MIMO and heterogeneous networks (HetNets). It notes that mobile data traffic is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. Massive MIMO and network densification through small cells are presented as potential solutions to address the capacity crunch. Massive MIMO can provide large improvements in area spectral efficiency by exploiting favorable propagation conditions and interference cancellation as the number of antennas increases. Channel estimation and pilot contamination are also discussed.
Design of spiral labyrinth microstrip antenna for DVB-T applicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
The advantages implementations of digital television broadcasting include reception of picture and sound sharper and better. This paper proposes a new design of spiral labyrinth microstrip antenna feed by microstrip line with array two element for Digital Video Broadcasting Technology (DVB-T) application at work frequency of 586 MHz. The design of spiral labyrinth is used to minimize the dimensions of microstrip patch antenna while maintaining the working frequency at 586 MHz and array technique used to improve gain of antenna. The proposed antenna design was originally a rectangular patch that has been modified by the labyrinth spiral method. From the measurement result obtained return loss of -14.15 dB and VSWR of 1.54 at working frequency of 586 MHz. Bandwidth of proposed antenna is 117 MHz (547 MHzโ664 MHz) while gain of antenna is 7.78 dBi. Beside that, using of the labyrinth spiral patch successfully reduced the dimensions of the microstrip antenna until 62.2% compared with the conventional rectangular patch of microstrip antenna. This study is usefull for DVB-T application in order to achieve the maximum signal quality and picture.
HIAST-Ayman Alsawah Lecture on Multiple-Antenna Techniques in Advanced Mobile...Ayman Alsawah
ย
This document discusses multiple-antenna techniques. It begins by explaining why multiple antennas can be used to enhance signal-to-noise ratio through spatial diversity or beamforming gain, and to enhance bit rate through spatial multiplexing. It then covers various multiple-antenna configurations and techniques including single-user and multi-user MIMO, transmit diversity methods like space-time block coding, and receive diversity methods like selection combining, equal gain combining and maximum ratio combining. Beamforming using antenna arrays to synthesize radiation patterns is also discussed.
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...IRJET Journal
ย
The document describes the design of a rectangular microstrip antenna with triple frequency operation for wireless applications. It was designed on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 46x38x1.6mm. Two rectangular slots were etched inside the patch to achieve operation at three different frequencies - GSM (1.834-1.858GHz), Bluetooth (2.422-2.487GHz), and WiMAX (3.519-3.583GHz). The antenna design was simulated using EM simulation software to analyze parameters such as reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency and impedance at the operating frequencies. Simulation results showed good impedance matching and performance across the three bands.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
ย
A multiple C-shaped microstrip patch antenna system is presented to provide wide coverage for wireless applications. The system consists of five C-shaped patch antennas fed by a coplanar waveguide network. The antennas and feeding network are fabricated on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Modeling and simulation using HFSS electromagnetic simulator shows the system provides multiple resonance frequencies at 2.4GHz for applications such as DCS, MCS, WLAN, and WiMAX. Simulation results demonstrate return losses of 20dB at 6.7GHz, 10dB at 4.4GHz and 14dB at 1.8GHz, obtaining frequency bands of 1.7-
IRJET - Microstrip Patch Antenna for Low Power Transceiver ApplicationIRJET Journal
ย
The document describes the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna for low power transceiver applications operating at 9GHz. A microstrip patch antenna was designed using FR4 substrate with dimensions optimized for 9GHz operation. The antenna was simulated using HFSS and was found to achieve a return loss of -21.1dB and impedance bandwidth of 1.1GHz centered at 9GHz. Radiation patterns showed good directionality and the antenna achieved a gain of 4dB and directivity of 4.6dB at 9GHz, making it suitable for low power applications like mobile devices.
2. ijece vibha raj_nag oct 12, 2017 edit septianIAESIJEECS
ย
With advancement in communication technology over the past decade, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization, cost effective, multiband and wideband antennas. Dual band printed slot antenna designs can support in meeting these requirements. Various techniques, different shapes and geometries have been introduced for size reduction of dual band printed slot antennas. This paper is on various techniques for designing dual band printed slot antenna exhibits details of different geometries developed to get multiband behavior of printed slot antenna. In this paper geometry of the antenna and variousparameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot and VSWR plot are discussed. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by geometry on different shapes of printed slot antenna for 5G next generation wireless (NGW) mobile application are presented.
Hoydis massive mimo and het nets benefits and challenges (1)nwiffen
ย
This document discusses the benefits and challenges of massive MIMO and heterogeneous networks (HetNets). It notes that mobile data traffic is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. Massive MIMO and network densification through small cells are presented as potential solutions to address the capacity crunch. Massive MIMO can provide large improvements in area spectral efficiency by exploiting favorable propagation conditions and interference cancellation as the number of antennas increases. Channel estimation and pilot contamination are also discussed.
Design of spiral labyrinth microstrip antenna for DVB-T applicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
The advantages implementations of digital television broadcasting include reception of picture and sound sharper and better. This paper proposes a new design of spiral labyrinth microstrip antenna feed by microstrip line with array two element for Digital Video Broadcasting Technology (DVB-T) application at work frequency of 586 MHz. The design of spiral labyrinth is used to minimize the dimensions of microstrip patch antenna while maintaining the working frequency at 586 MHz and array technique used to improve gain of antenna. The proposed antenna design was originally a rectangular patch that has been modified by the labyrinth spiral method. From the measurement result obtained return loss of -14.15 dB and VSWR of 1.54 at working frequency of 586 MHz. Bandwidth of proposed antenna is 117 MHz (547 MHzโ664 MHz) while gain of antenna is 7.78 dBi. Beside that, using of the labyrinth spiral patch successfully reduced the dimensions of the microstrip antenna until 62.2% compared with the conventional rectangular patch of microstrip antenna. This study is usefull for DVB-T application in order to achieve the maximum signal quality and picture.
HIAST-Ayman Alsawah Lecture on Multiple-Antenna Techniques in Advanced Mobile...Ayman Alsawah
ย
This document discusses multiple-antenna techniques. It begins by explaining why multiple antennas can be used to enhance signal-to-noise ratio through spatial diversity or beamforming gain, and to enhance bit rate through spatial multiplexing. It then covers various multiple-antenna configurations and techniques including single-user and multi-user MIMO, transmit diversity methods like space-time block coding, and receive diversity methods like selection combining, equal gain combining and maximum ratio combining. Beamforming using antenna arrays to synthesize radiation patterns is also discussed.
Design of Rectangular Shaped Slotted Micro Strip Antenna for Triple Frequency...IRJET Journal
ย
The document describes the design of a rectangular microstrip antenna with triple frequency operation for wireless applications. It was designed on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 46x38x1.6mm. Two rectangular slots were etched inside the patch to achieve operation at three different frequencies - GSM (1.834-1.858GHz), Bluetooth (2.422-2.487GHz), and WiMAX (3.519-3.583GHz). The antenna design was simulated using EM simulation software to analyze parameters such as reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency and impedance at the operating frequencies. Simulation results showed good impedance matching and performance across the three bands.
08 13sept 8080 10000-1-ed a new (edit ari)IAESIJEECS
ย
This paper presents a study of a new dual-band monopole antenna fed by a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line suitable for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications especially designed for RFID readers and covering free ISM bands of 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The proposed antenna benefits from the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, by consequent making it easier for integration with microwave integrated circuits. The simulation of the antenna was carried out using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A good impedance bandwidth of 500MHz is achieved in measurement (from 2.1GHz to 2.6GHz for the lower band), while the upper band covers 800MHz (from 5.2GHz to 6GHz). Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
ย
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60ยฐ to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
Design and Analysis of Single Microstrip Patch Antenna with Proximity Coupler...IOSR Journals
ย
This document describes the design and analysis of a single microstrip patch antenna with proximity coupler fed technique for wireless LAN applications at 2.4 GHz. The antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch on one substrate proximity coupled to a microstrip feed line on another substrate. The length of the patch was optimized to achieve a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. Simulation results showed return losses below -10 dB and VSWR below 1.6 at 2.4 GHz, indicating good impedance matching. The antenna achieved a maximum gain of 7.4 dB and radiation patterns that were suitable for wireless LAN applications.
Wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna design with double H s...journalBEEI
ย
This paper presents the design of wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna with double H slots. The design is based on the idea of composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) technique. Bandwidth enhancement was achieved by utilizing series left-handed capacitor CL transmission line parameter. The design has several outstanding advantages which include efficient bandwidth to cover many lower Application bands with multi frequency operation characteristics. A comprehensive analysis and simulation were done by using computer simulation technology (CST) software to determine the performance and efficiency of the proposed antenna. From the result obtained, the antenna aquired bandwidth range which covered (2.3-5.2) GHz which is equivalent to 77% fractional bandwidth. The wideband antenna was reconfigured by using frequency reconfiguration technique. From the reconfiguration results, the antenna can be switch from wideband to two single bands which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz and to dual band which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz. The realized peak gain at 2.4 GHz is 2.28 dBi and 2.58 dBi for E and H field respectively. The maximum efficiency of 96% was obtained. The antenna can be use for WLAN, proposed lower 5G band and cognitive radio system for frequency sencing.
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO Downlink System with Imperfect Channel S...IJRES Journal
ย
We investigate the ergodic sum rate and required transmit power of a single-cell massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system. The system considered in this paper is based on two
linear beamforming schemes, that is, maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming and zero-forcing (ZF)
beamforming. Whatโs more, we use minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation to get imperfect
channel state information (CSI). Compared with the perfect CSI case, both theoretical analysis and simulation
results show that the system performance is different when the imperfect CSI is taken into account.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A New Design of a CPW-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for RFID Readers IJECEIAES
ย
This paper comes with a new dual-band planar monopole antenna fed by Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line designed for RFID readers and it operates at 2.45 GHz, 5.80 GHz. This antenna is designed with reasonable gain, low profile and low cost production. The designed antenna based on theoretical equations is simulated and validated by using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A parametric study of the proposed antenna has been carried out by optimizing some critical parameters. The antenna has a total area of 35ร38 mm2 and mounted on an FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent 0.025. The comparison between simulation and measurement results permits to validate the final achieved antenna structure in the desired RFID frequencies bands. Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
BER Performance of MU-MIMO System using Dirty Paper CodingIJEEE
ย
In this paper Dirty Paper Coding for communication system is implemented. MIMO application that involves devices such as cell phones, pocket PCs require closely spaced antenna, which suffers from mutual coupling among antennas and high spatial correlation for signals. DPC is used for compensating the degradation due to correlation and mutual coupling.
Dual-band aperture coupled antenna with harmonic suppression capabilityTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
The paper presents an aperture-coupled dual-band linearly-polarized antenna with harmonic suppression capability, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz. In purpose of improving the directivity of antenna at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz, a modified inverted ฯ-shaped slot-etched patch on the lower layer of the stacked antenna is introduced alongside the 50 ฮฉ feed line. The harmonic suppression capability is achieved by the introduction of U-slot and asymmetrical left-right-handed stub at the transmission feed line, suppressing unwanted harmonic signals from 6.00 GHz up to 10.00 GHz. The final design of the antenna has produced very good reflection coefficient of -18.87 dB at 2.45 GHz and -19.57 dB at 5.00 GHz with third and higher order harmonic suppression up to -4 dB.
The document describes a study investigating copper nanofilm as a radiating patch for antenna applications. A 100nm thick copper nanofilm patch antenna and a 17micron thick bulk copper patch antenna were designed and fabricated on FR4 substrates. The nanofilm antenna was found to have a wider bandwidth (810MHz vs 350MHz for bulk antenna), higher return loss (-13.59dB vs -13.84dB for bulk antenna), and slightly lower gain. The increased bandwidth of the nanofilm antenna makes it suitable for applications requiring high data rate transmission such as wireless LAN. The results encourage the use of metallic nanofilms as radiating elements for antennas to improve bandwidth.
This document outlines Jun Zhu's Ph.D. dissertation on physical layer security in massive MIMO systems. The dissertation examines how to improve security in massive MIMO systems using artificial noise (AN). It analyzes the impact of pilot contamination on AN design and explores AN techniques under various precoding schemes and with hardware impairments. The dissertation addresses challenges in securing massive MIMO, including the complexity of null-space based AN and the effects of pilot contamination and hardware impairments on AN and wireless security.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
ย
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
ย
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
ย
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90ยฐ-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51ยฐ. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
ย
This document describes a simulation of an integrated 64-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology for high-capacity 4G mobile communication. The DWDM transmitter is designed to transmit baseband non-return-to-zero signals over fiber at 10 Gbps per channel for a total of 640 Gbps. After transmission over fiber with dispersion compensation, the signals are input to the MIMO-OFDM system. Space-time block coding is used to provide diversity in the MIMO-OFDM system. The performance is analyzed in terms of bit error rate with signal-to-noise ratio, achieving a desirable B
This document summarizes research on the design of octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas. The antennas are designed to operate across multiple frequency bands from 1-16 GHz and provide virtual size reduction. Experimental results show the proposed antenna operates over 8 bands with a maximum virtual size reduction of 62%. Modifying the antenna design by changing the radius of a circular slot inside the octagon allows operation over 5 bands while further increasing bandwidth and gain. The antennas demonstrate omnidirectional radiation patterns and have potential applications in microwave communication systems.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
This document discusses topics related to cellular and mobile communication. It contains sample exam questions covering various aspects of cellular systems including:
1. Mean opinion score and the history of 800MHz spectrum allocation to cellular systems.
2. Calculation of blocking probability using Erlang B model for different traffic loads.
3. Relationship between frequency reuse factor and number of available channels. Effects of co-channel interference.
4. Prediction of signal strength using point-to-point and area-to-area models and calculations related to incident and elevation angles.
5. Importance of cell site antennas and calculations related to signal power, electric field strength, and voltage at the receiver for a given transmission power
This document contains an examination for a course on Antennas and Wave Propagation. It lists 8 questions related to topics in that course. The questions cover topics like:
1) Drawing dual characteristics of antennas and explaining radiation from two wire antennas.
2) Deriving expressions for electric fields and finding distances where radiation and induction fields are equal.
3) Calculating field patterns for linear arrays and discussing optimal spacing in parasitic arrays.
4) Discussing helical antennas and deriving expressions for radiated electric fields.
So in summary, the document presents an exam for a course on antennas and wave propagation, with questions testing knowledge of antenna characteristics, array patterns, field calculations, and propagation
08 13sept 8080 10000-1-ed a new (edit ari)IAESIJEECS
ย
This paper presents a study of a new dual-band monopole antenna fed by a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line suitable for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications especially designed for RFID readers and covering free ISM bands of 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz. The proposed antenna benefits from the advantages of the CPW line to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level, by consequent making it easier for integration with microwave integrated circuits. The simulation of the antenna was carried out using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A good impedance bandwidth of 500MHz is achieved in measurement (from 2.1GHz to 2.6GHz for the lower band), while the upper band covers 800MHz (from 5.2GHz to 6GHz). Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
Concurrent 2.4/5-GHz Multi-Loop MIMO Antennas with Wide 3-dB Beamwidth Radiat...Saou-Wen Su
ย
A high-gain, wide-beamwidth, six-loop-antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented. The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single-band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60ยฐ to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High-gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3-dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the paper.
Design and Analysis of Single Microstrip Patch Antenna with Proximity Coupler...IOSR Journals
ย
This document describes the design and analysis of a single microstrip patch antenna with proximity coupler fed technique for wireless LAN applications at 2.4 GHz. The antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch on one substrate proximity coupled to a microstrip feed line on another substrate. The length of the patch was optimized to achieve a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. Simulation results showed return losses below -10 dB and VSWR below 1.6 at 2.4 GHz, indicating good impedance matching. The antenna achieved a maximum gain of 7.4 dB and radiation patterns that were suitable for wireless LAN applications.
Wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna design with double H s...journalBEEI
ย
This paper presents the design of wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna with double H slots. The design is based on the idea of composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) technique. Bandwidth enhancement was achieved by utilizing series left-handed capacitor CL transmission line parameter. The design has several outstanding advantages which include efficient bandwidth to cover many lower Application bands with multi frequency operation characteristics. A comprehensive analysis and simulation were done by using computer simulation technology (CST) software to determine the performance and efficiency of the proposed antenna. From the result obtained, the antenna aquired bandwidth range which covered (2.3-5.2) GHz which is equivalent to 77% fractional bandwidth. The wideband antenna was reconfigured by using frequency reconfiguration technique. From the reconfiguration results, the antenna can be switch from wideband to two single bands which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz and to dual band which resonate at 2.4 GHz and 4.2 GHz. The realized peak gain at 2.4 GHz is 2.28 dBi and 2.58 dBi for E and H field respectively. The maximum efficiency of 96% was obtained. The antenna can be use for WLAN, proposed lower 5G band and cognitive radio system for frequency sencing.
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO Downlink System with Imperfect Channel S...IJRES Journal
ย
We investigate the ergodic sum rate and required transmit power of a single-cell massive
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink system. The system considered in this paper is based on two
linear beamforming schemes, that is, maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming and zero-forcing (ZF)
beamforming. Whatโs more, we use minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation to get imperfect
channel state information (CSI). Compared with the perfect CSI case, both theoretical analysis and simulation
results show that the system performance is different when the imperfect CSI is taken into account.
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
ย
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
A New Design of a CPW-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for RFID Readers IJECEIAES
ย
This paper comes with a new dual-band planar monopole antenna fed by Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) line designed for RFID readers and it operates at 2.45 GHz, 5.80 GHz. This antenna is designed with reasonable gain, low profile and low cost production. The designed antenna based on theoretical equations is simulated and validated by using ADS from Agilent technologies and CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solvers. A parametric study of the proposed antenna has been carried out by optimizing some critical parameters. The antenna has a total area of 35ร38 mm2 and mounted on an FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent 0.025. The comparison between simulation and measurement results permits to validate the final achieved antenna structure in the desired RFID frequencies bands. Details of the proposed antenna design and both simulated and experimental results are described and discussed.
BER Performance of MU-MIMO System using Dirty Paper CodingIJEEE
ย
In this paper Dirty Paper Coding for communication system is implemented. MIMO application that involves devices such as cell phones, pocket PCs require closely spaced antenna, which suffers from mutual coupling among antennas and high spatial correlation for signals. DPC is used for compensating the degradation due to correlation and mutual coupling.
Dual-band aperture coupled antenna with harmonic suppression capabilityTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
ย
The paper presents an aperture-coupled dual-band linearly-polarized antenna with harmonic suppression capability, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz. In purpose of improving the directivity of antenna at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and 5.00 GHz, a modified inverted ฯ-shaped slot-etched patch on the lower layer of the stacked antenna is introduced alongside the 50 ฮฉ feed line. The harmonic suppression capability is achieved by the introduction of U-slot and asymmetrical left-right-handed stub at the transmission feed line, suppressing unwanted harmonic signals from 6.00 GHz up to 10.00 GHz. The final design of the antenna has produced very good reflection coefficient of -18.87 dB at 2.45 GHz and -19.57 dB at 5.00 GHz with third and higher order harmonic suppression up to -4 dB.
The document describes a study investigating copper nanofilm as a radiating patch for antenna applications. A 100nm thick copper nanofilm patch antenna and a 17micron thick bulk copper patch antenna were designed and fabricated on FR4 substrates. The nanofilm antenna was found to have a wider bandwidth (810MHz vs 350MHz for bulk antenna), higher return loss (-13.59dB vs -13.84dB for bulk antenna), and slightly lower gain. The increased bandwidth of the nanofilm antenna makes it suitable for applications requiring high data rate transmission such as wireless LAN. The results encourage the use of metallic nanofilms as radiating elements for antennas to improve bandwidth.
This document outlines Jun Zhu's Ph.D. dissertation on physical layer security in massive MIMO systems. The dissertation examines how to improve security in massive MIMO systems using artificial noise (AN). It analyzes the impact of pilot contamination on AN design and explores AN techniques under various precoding schemes and with hardware impairments. The dissertation addresses challenges in securing massive MIMO, including the complexity of null-space based AN and the effects of pilot contamination and hardware impairments on AN and wireless security.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
ย
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellul...journalBEEI
ย
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
Circularly polarized antenna array based on hybrid couplers for 5G devicesjournalBEEI
ย
This paper depicts a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G devices. The antenna array has a 3D structure including four simple printed dipole elements with directional radiations, high gain, and high efficiency. It achieves a CP by using the sequential rotation (SR) feeding based on 90ยฐ-3dB hybrid couplers in the proposed feeding network. The antenna array bandwidth is wide, 26.7%, with an operating frequency band from 3.35 GHz to 4.35 GHz. The antenna achieves a high peak gain of 10.73 dBi and high efficiency of 93.75%. Besides, the antenna gain is stable over the operating bandwidth (BW). At the centre operating frequency of 3.75 GHz, the angle of circular polarization is 51ยฐ. The antenna is designed and fabricated on the Rogers 4003 C substrate. The measured S11 is well matching with the simulation results. With the above characteristics, the proposed antenna can be a suitable candidate for 5G devices.
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
Integrated DWDM and MIMO-OFDM System for 4G High Capacity Mobile Communicatio...CSCJournals
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This document describes a simulation of an integrated 64-channel dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology for high-capacity 4G mobile communication. The DWDM transmitter is designed to transmit baseband non-return-to-zero signals over fiber at 10 Gbps per channel for a total of 640 Gbps. After transmission over fiber with dispersion compensation, the signals are input to the MIMO-OFDM system. Space-time block coding is used to provide diversity in the MIMO-OFDM system. The performance is analyzed in terms of bit error rate with signal-to-noise ratio, achieving a desirable B
This document summarizes research on the design of octagon shaped slot loaded rectangular microstrip monopole antennas. The antennas are designed to operate across multiple frequency bands from 1-16 GHz and provide virtual size reduction. Experimental results show the proposed antenna operates over 8 bands with a maximum virtual size reduction of 62%. Modifying the antenna design by changing the radius of a circular slot inside the octagon allows operation over 5 bands while further increasing bandwidth and gain. The antennas demonstrate omnidirectional radiation patterns and have potential applications in microwave communication systems.
A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFIDTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.
This document discusses topics related to cellular and mobile communication. It contains sample exam questions covering various aspects of cellular systems including:
1. Mean opinion score and the history of 800MHz spectrum allocation to cellular systems.
2. Calculation of blocking probability using Erlang B model for different traffic loads.
3. Relationship between frequency reuse factor and number of available channels. Effects of co-channel interference.
4. Prediction of signal strength using point-to-point and area-to-area models and calculations related to incident and elevation angles.
5. Importance of cell site antennas and calculations related to signal power, electric field strength, and voltage at the receiver for a given transmission power
This document contains an examination for a course on Antennas and Wave Propagation. It lists 8 questions related to topics in that course. The questions cover topics like:
1) Drawing dual characteristics of antennas and explaining radiation from two wire antennas.
2) Deriving expressions for electric fields and finding distances where radiation and induction fields are equal.
3) Calculating field patterns for linear arrays and discussing optimal spacing in parasitic arrays.
4) Discussing helical antennas and deriving expressions for radiated electric fields.
So in summary, the document presents an exam for a course on antennas and wave propagation, with questions testing knowledge of antenna characteristics, array patterns, field calculations, and propagation
Antennas And Wave Propagation Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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This document contains an examination for a course on Antennas and Wave Propagation. It lists 8 questions related to topics in that course. The questions cover topics such as:
1) Drawing dual characteristics of antennas and explaining radiation from two wire antennas.
2) Deriving expressions for electric fields and finding distances where radiation and induction fields are equal.
3) Calculating field patterns for linear arrays and finding directivity and beamwidth.
4) Describing helical antennas and deriving expressions for radiated electric fields.
5) Discussing properties of antenna arrays like broadside and endfire arrays.
It provides problems related to analyzing, designing and measuring properties of different antenna
1 Telecommunication Switching Systems And Networksguestac67362
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The document contains information about a telecommunication switching systems and networks exam, including:
- The exam code, date, course name, and maximum marks
- Instructions to answer any 5 of the 8 questions provided
- The 8 questions cover various topics related to telecommunication systems like earphones, satellite bandwidth requirements, switching networks, ISDN, and SONET.
1 Telecommunication Switching Systems And Networksguestd436758
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This document contains information about a telecommunication switching systems and networks exam for a third year engineering course. It lists 8 questions that students could answer, each with two parts carrying 8 marks each. The questions cover topics like earphone design, time division switching, telecommunication network topologies, grade of service calculations, data communication circuits, OSI model layers, ISDN protocols, SONET frame format, and more. The document provides context and details for the exam while keeping the content concise and focused on assessing student knowledge.
C O M M U N I C A T I O N T H E O R Y J N T U M O D E L P A P E R{Wwwguest3f9c6b
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This document contains an exam for a Communication Theory course, with 8 multiple choice questions covering topics such as:
1) Deriving expressions for AM waves, calculating modulation indices and power.
2) Explaining phase shift modulation, square law modulation, vestigial sideband modulation and their applications.
3) Comparing AM demodulation methods such as envelope detection and rectification.
4) Calculating frequency and phase deviations for PM and FM, explaining effects of multiple modulations.
5) Drawing circuits for FM generation and detection methods such as reactance modulation and phase discrimination.
6) Calculating signal to noise ratios for AM and FM systems and comparing transmission methods.
The
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Linear Ic Applications Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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The document contains 8 questions related to linear integrated circuits applications. The questions cover topics like differential amplifiers, operational amplifiers, active filters, oscillators, DACs, ADCs, timers and other linear IC applications. Some questions ask to explain concepts, derive expressions, design circuits meeting given specifications and compare different circuit configurations or components. The questions could be answered by discussing the relevant concepts, deriving necessary equations, sketching required circuits and providing explanations with diagrams.
Electronic Devices And Circuits Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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This document contains an exam paper for an electronics course, with 8 questions covering various topics:
1. Two questions on diode characteristics and calculations involving diode velocity and distance traveled.
2. Questions on transistor configurations and biasing methods.
3. Circuit analysis questions involving half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
4. Questions on feedback systems, oscillators, and transistor amplifier analysis using h-parameters.
5. Definitions and explanations regarding damped and undamped oscillations, Barkhausen criteria for sustained oscillations, and factors affecting oscillator frequency stability.
The document provides a reference code, date, course details, instructions to answer 5 of 8 questions, and lists the 8 examination
Electronic Devices And Circuits Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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This document contains an examination paper for an electronics course. It has 8 questions covering various topics in electronic devices and circuits. The questions test knowledge of topics like diode characteristics, rectifiers, transistors, amplifiers, feedback systems and oscillators. Students have to answer any 5 out of the 8 questions in the paper.
E L E C T R O M A G N E T I C W A V E S A N D T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E...guest3f9c6b
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This document contains an exam paper for the subject Electromagnetic Waves and Transmission Lines. It has 8 questions covering topics like Gauss's law, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic wave propagation, transmission lines, waveguides, impedance matching, and more. The questions test the students' understanding of fundamental concepts and their ability to derive equations and solve numerical problems related to these topics.
Electromagneticwavesandtransmissionlines Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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This document appears to be a study guide or exam for a course on electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It contains 8 potential exam questions covering various topics in electromagnetism including Gauss's law, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic wave propagation, transmission lines, and impedance. The questions involve both conceptual explanations and mathematical derivations and calculations. Overall, the document provides a set of comprehensive practice problems addressing key concepts in the study of electromagnetics.
EE402B Radio Systems and Personal Communication Networks notesHaris Hassan
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Programmes in which available:
Masters of Engineering - Electrical and Electronic
Engineering. Masters of Engineering - Electronic
Engineering and Computer Science. Master of Science -
Communication Systems and Wireless Networking.
Master of Science - Smart Telecom and Sensing
Networks. Master of Science - Photonic Integrated
Circuits, Sensors and Networks.
Analog Communications Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
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The document is a set of exam questions for an Analog Communications course. It contains 8 questions related to topics like:
1. Explanation of AM modulation and calculation of power in sidebands when modulation depth is reduced.
2. Circuit diagram and operation of a balanced ring modulator, and generation and spectrum of an AM-SC signal.
3. Time domain representation of SSB and percentage power saved compared to AM.
4. Operation of a balanced slope detector and its advantages over a slope detector. Calculation of bandwidth for an FM signal.
5. Role of signal-to-noise ratio in communication channel performance.
6. Block diagram and operation of an SSB-
The document is a set of exam questions for an Analog Communications course. It contains 8 questions related to topics like AM, FM, SSB, PPM modulation and demodulation techniques. The questions involve deriving expressions, explaining concepts with diagrams, calculating power ratios and bandwidth requirements, and comparing different modulation schemes.
20404 Electromagnetic Waves And Transmission Linesguestac67362
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The document is a set of exam questions for a course on electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It contains 8 questions testing various concepts:
1. Questions 1-3 cover Gauss's law, Maxwell's equations, and their applications to problems involving electric and magnetic fields.
2. Questions 4-5 involve wave propagation in conducting and dielectric media using Maxwell's equations and definitions of permittivity and permeability.
3. Questions 6-7 test understanding of wave propagation in parallel plate waveguides and properties of transmission lines such as characteristic impedance and propagation constant.
4. Question 8 concerns impedance matching techniques using transmission line stubs. The exam tests a wide range of fundamental electromagnetic theory and applications to transmission
20404 Electromagnetic Waves And Transmission Linesguestd436758
ย
The document is a set of exam questions for a course on electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It contains 8 questions testing various concepts:
1. Questions 1-3 cover Gauss's law, Maxwell's equations, and their applications to problems involving electric and magnetic fields.
2. Questions 4-5 involve wave propagation in conducting and dielectric media using Maxwell's equations and definitions of permittivity and permeability.
3. Questions 6-7 test understanding of wave propagation in parallel plate waveguides and properties of transmission lines such as characteristic impedance and propagation constant.
4. Question 8 concerns impedance matching techniques using transmission line stubs. The exam tests a wide range of fundamental electromagnetic theory and applications to transmission
The document is a past exam paper for a course on antennas and wave propagation. It contains 8 questions related to topics like directivity, power gain, radiation resistance, beamwidth, array patterns, propagation mechanisms, and more. Students were required to answer any 5 of the 8 questions in the 3 hour exam. The questions involve both theoretical derivations and calculations.
Electronic magnatic waves and transmission Lines Jntu Model Paper{Www.Student...guest3f9c6b
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This document contains an exam for a course on electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It includes 8 questions covering various topics:
1. Coulomb's law, electric field calculations for point charges.
2. Ampere's circuital law, magnetic field calculations for conducting rods and coils.
3. Plane wave propagation in dielectric media, displacement current density.
4. Brewster's angle and refraction/reflection at dielectric interfaces.
5. Poynting vector, power calculations for waves incident on dielectric boundaries.
6. Parallel plate waveguide properties such as cutoff frequency.
7. Transmission line characteristics impedance and reflection coefficients.
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Emwavesandtransmission Lines Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
ย
This document contains an exam for a course on electromagnetic waves and transmission lines. It includes 8 questions covering various topics:
1. Coulomb's law, electric field calculations for point charges.
2. Ampere's circuital law, magnetic field calculations for conducting rods and coils.
3. Plane wave propagation in dielectric media, displacement current density.
4. Brewster's angle and refraction/reflection at dielectric interfaces.
5. Poynting vector, power calculations for waves incident on dielectric boundaries.
6. Parallel plate waveguide properties such as cutoff frequency.
7. Transmission line characteristics impedance and reflection coefficients.
8. Equivalent circuits for transmission lines of various
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๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
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Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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1. www.studentyogi.com www.studentyogi.com
Code No: RR420401
Set No. 1
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science
& Engineering, Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Di erentiate the generations in the cordless phones and cellular phones?
(b) Explain about the dynamic channel assignment? [10+6]
2. (a) What are the components in a cellular system explain brie y?
(b) Explain about the term co-channel reduction factor. [8+8]
3. (a) A base station receiver capable of providing 80db of isolation between channels
is receiving a signal from a mobile unit 2 Km away. What is the minimum
distance that a second mobile unit can transmit the signal from the near end
mobile unit.
(b) Write a brief note on designing directional antenna system considering the
e ect of interference. [8+8]
4. (a) From the signal coverage point of you explain ground incident angle, elevation
angle, ground re ection and re ection point?
(b) If h1 = 50mt, 2 = 3mt, d = 5Km, H = 100m use approximate method nd
incident angle, elevation angle, ground re ection and re ection point? [8+8]
5. (a) Derive the relation between the received power and electrical eld of the an-
tenna?
(b) Assume a receiver is located 10km from a 50W transmitter. The carrier fre-
quency is 900MHz , assume free space propagation Gt = 1 and Gr = 2W
i. Find the power at the receiver
ii. The magnitude of the electric eld at the receiving antenna
iii. The rms voltage applied to the receiver input assuming that the receiving
antenna has purely real importance of 50 ohms and is matched to the
receiver. [6+10]
6. (a) Discuss the concept of frequency management concern to the numbering the
channels and grouping into the subsets?
(b) Give the structure of the channels in 800MHz system with frequency ranges?
[8+8]
7. (a) Explain clearly how to calculate and for single cell?
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 1
(b) Why hand o is necessary for cellular systems Determine the two types of
hando s based on signal strength and C/I ratio? [8+8]
8. (a) As a mobile unit in a communication with base station moves, what factors
determine the need for power control and the amount of power adjustment?
(b) Explain the di erence between the open loop and closed loop power control.
[8+8]
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 2
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science
& Engineering, Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Draw the schematic and the present the working of a cellular system?
(b) Brie y explain the evaluation of the analog and digital cellular mobile system?
[8+8]
2. (a) Derive the maximum number calls per hour per cell and the maximum number
frequency channels per cell . How are they related?
(b) Find the desire co channel interference phenomena in a reuse cellular system
that employs omni directional antenna system? [8+8]
3. (a) Distinguish between co channel interference and non co channel interference?
(b) Discuss the various techniques to measure the co channel interference? [8+8]
4. (a) Discuss about the multi path propagation present the associated losses and
place the problem?
(b) Discuss about the point to point and area to area prediction mo del for cell
coverage? [10+6]
5. (a) Derive the relation between the received power and electrical eld of the an-
tenna?
(b) Assume a receiver is located 10km from a 50W transmitter. The carrier fre-
quency is 900MHz , assume free space propagation Gt = 1 and Gr = 2W
i. Find the power at the receiver
ii. The magnitude of the electric eld at the receiving antenna
iii. The rms voltage applied to the receiver input assuming that the receiving
antenna has purely real importance of 50 ohms and is matched to the
receiver. [6+10]
6. The U.S AMPS system is allocated 50MHz of spectrum in the 800 Mhz range and
provides 832 channels. 42 of those channels are control channels. The forward
channel frequency is exactly 45MHz greater then the reverse channel frequency.
(a) If the AMPS system is simplex, half duplex or full duplex? What is the band
width for each channel and how is it distributed between the base station and
subscriber?
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 2
(b) Assume a base station transmits control information on channel 352, operating
at 880.560MHz What is the transmission frequency of the subscriber unit on
transmitting on channel 352?
(c) The A- side and B - Side cellular carriers evenly split the AMPS channels.
Find the number of voice channels and the number of control channels for
each carrier?
(d) let suppose you are chief engineer of a cellular system using seven cell reuse pur-
pose a channel assignment strategy for a uniform distribution of user through
out your cellular system speci cally , assume that each cell has three control
channels (1200 sector is employed)and specify the number of voice channels
you would assign to each control in your system?
(e) For an ideal hexagonal cellular layout which has an identical cell coverage,
what is the distance between the centers of two nearest co channel cells for
seven cell reuse? For four cell reuse? [16]
7. Explain the necessity of power di erence hando ? Also explain the di erent con-
ditions based on power di erence hando ? [16]
8. Present the concept of the narrow beam sector. How do es it increase the tra c
capacity? Consider K = 7. [16]
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 3
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science
& Engineering, Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) Present the model of the mobile transmission medium and the fading charac-
teristics?
(b) Explain in detail coherence bandwidth and delay spread? [8+8]
2. (a) Derive the maximum number calls per hour per cell and the maximum number
frequency channels per cell . How are they related?
(b) Find the desire co channel interference phenomena in a reuse cellular system
that employs omni directional antenna system? [8+8]
3. (a) Explain how co channel interference is measured in real time mobile radio
transceivers?
(b) Prove that K = 7 cell pattern do es not provide a su cient frequency reuse
distance even when an ideal conditions of at terrain is assumed? [6+10]
4. (a) Brie y explain the multiple knife edge di raction?
(b) Explain about the scattering phenomena in mobile system? [8+8]
5. (a) Discuss the characteristics of cell site antennas?
(b) If the antenna heights are varying what are the e ects you are getting at the
time of operation of mobile system? [8+8]
6. Explain the following
(a) Channel sharing
(b) Channel borrowing
(c) Underlay and overlay cells
(d) Setup channel
(e) Paging channel
(f ) Voice channel. [16]
7. What is hando and explain di erent type of hando s? [16]
8. (a) As a mobile unit in a communication with base station moves, what factors
determine the need for power control and the amount of power adjustment?
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 4
IV B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Science
& Engineering, Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems
Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. (a) What do you mean by Mean Opinion Score and explain in detail?
(b) Explain the history of 800MHz spectrum allocation to cellular systems?[8+8]
2. (a) A cellular system uses FDMA with a spectrum allocation of 12.5MHz in each
direction a guard band at the edge of the allocated spectrum of 10KHz at
channel bandwidth of 30KHz What is the number of the available channels?
(b) If 8 Speech channels are provided in a single radio channel and if no guard band
is assumed what is the number of simultaneous users that can accommodate
in GSM receiver? [8+8]
3. (a) Distinguish between frequency and time selective fading with neat diagrams.
(b) Discuss angular and frequency diversity schemes. [8+8]
4. (a) Consider a transmitter which radiates a sinusoidal carrier frequency of 1859
MHz. For a vehicle moving 60 miles/hr compute the received carrier frequency
if the mobile is moving.
i. Directly towards the transmitter
ii. Directly away from the transmitter
iii. In a direction perpendicular to the direction of arrival of the transmitted
signal.
(b) Derive the expression for the power received in ground re ected model. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the relation between gain and antenna pattern for broad side and end
re array?
(b) Explain the relation between gain and beam width for broad side and end re
array?
(c) For a gain of 9dB with respect to a dipole antenna or 11dB with respect to a
short dipole antenna nd 3dB beam width? [6+6+4]
6. (a) Discuss the concept of frequency management concern to the numbering the
channels and grouping into the subsets?
(b) Give the structure of the channels in 800MHz system with frequency ranges?
[8+8]
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Code No: RR420401
Set No. 4
7. (a) List and brie y de ne di erent performance metrics that may be used to make
the hando decision?
(b) If the number channels at the cell site N=45 the call holding time is 1.76minutes
The number of originated calls per hour expressed as is 2270. The number
of hando calls attempted per hour is expressed as 2 is 80 Find the probabil-
ity of the queuing hando . calls but not the originated calls . Also nd the
probability of the queuing the originated calls but not the hando calls?
[10+6]
8. Present the concept of the narrow beam sector. How do es it increase the tra c
capacity? Consider K = 7. [16]