DYING DECLARATION AND DEPOSITION
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Dying declaration is an oral or written statement made by a person who is dying as a result of an unlawful act regarding the cause of their death or surrounding circumstances. It is admissible as evidence in court under Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act. The doctor must certify the declarant is conscious and mentally sound. Leading questions are not allowed and the statement must be fully recorded even if the declarant loses consciousness. If the declarant survives, the statement only has corroborative value.
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MEDICOLEGAL role of MEDICAL OFFICER at a hospital.pdf
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Jacqui Hitchin - Law Presentation at Edge Hill University
Jacqui Hitchin - Law Presentation at Edge Hill University
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Organophosphorus poisoning is one of the most common causes of self-poisoning in India. Common organophosphorus compounds used include parathion, paraoxon, and malathion. Symptoms include diarrhea, miosis, altered sensorium, muscle fasciculations, and respiratory weakness. Poisoning is diagnosed based on exposure history and low cholinesterase levels. Treatment involves decontamination, atropinization to block muscarinic effects, pralidoxime to reverse nicotinic effects, and supportive care including raising the foot of the bed and suctioning secretions.
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A middle-aged man presented to the hospital with blurry vision and a history of consuming local alcohol two days prior. He was diagnosed with methanol poisoning based on clinical signs including dilated pupils that did not respond to light and metabolic acidosis. Methanol poisoning is caused by the ingestion of methyl alcohol which is metabolized into toxic compounds that can cause visual disturbances, respiratory issues, and a wide anion gap metabolic acidosis. Treatment involves preventing further absorption, correcting acidosis, administering antidotes like fomepizole or ethanol, and potentially hemodialysis for severe cases.
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A 23-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with headaches, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Her history revealed she had ingested a large amount of tablets 3 hours prior. On examination, she exhibited symptoms of opioid poisoning including a characteristic odor on her breath, slow pulse, moist skin, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression. She was diagnosed with codeine overdose and treated symptomatically with naloxone.
Developmental and Behavioural disorders
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The document discusses several developmental and behavioral disorders in children including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, specific learning disorders, tic disorders, and Tourette syndrome. It describes the key characteristics, causes, clinical features, and management approach for each condition. The disorders are generally managed by a team of pediatric specialists using early intervention, behavioral therapy, medication, or training for parents and in school settings.
Growth charts
Growth charts are used to monitor a child's growth over time by plotting measurements like height, weight, and head circumference against age. The World Health Organization developed new international growth standards based on data from healthy breastfed children in diverse geographic locations. These WHO growth charts establish breastfeeding as the norm and allow for early identification of growth issues or obesity risk. Growth charts are an important tool for assessing child development, health planning, and identifying children who may need medical intervention or special nutrition programs.
Disorders of growth
Growth disorders include problems that prevent normal development of height, weight, sexual maturity or other features in children. Short stature is defined as a height less than the 3rd percentile or more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age, sex and population. Common causes of short stature include idiopathic (most common), intrauterine growth restriction, skeletal dysplasias, nutritional deficiencies, and endocrine disorders like growth hormone deficiency. Assessment of a child with short stature involves a detailed history, physical exam, bone age assessment, growth velocity, laboratory tests and sometimes specialized tests or imaging to identify the underlying cause. Management depends on the specific cause but may include dietary interventions, growth hormone therapy, surgery or other
Growth and anthropometry
Growth is monitored through regular anthropometric measurements and plotting on growth charts. Factors affecting growth include genetics, nutrition, infections and socioeconomic status. The WHO growth charts provide standardized growth references based on optimal growth of children from diverse backgrounds. Regular monitoring allows early identification of growth faltering due to disorders or malnutrition.
NLEP
The document discusses leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacteria. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Key points include:
- India detected over 120,000 new leprosy cases in 2018 with a prevalence rate of 0.66 per 10,000 people.
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- Major initiatives include intensified case detection, ensuring treatment completion, increasing awareness through media campaigns, and strengthening disability prevention and rehabilitation services.
RNTCP
This document summarizes information about the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) in India. It discusses the burden of tuberculosis in India, with over 200 new cases per 100,000 people annually. It also outlines the goals and organization of the RNTCP, which aims to decrease TB mortality and cut transmission to eliminate TB in India by 2025. The RNTCP utilizes strategies like active case finding, digital tools for monitoring treatment compliance, and new drug regimens. It provides guidelines for diagnosis using sputum testing and treatment regimens for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB, as well as monitoring protocols.
evidence
This document defines forensic evidence as evidence obtained through scientific methods such as ballistics, blood tests, and DNA tests that is used in courts to help establish guilt or innocence. It outlines several types of forensic evidence including blood spatter analysis, odontology, dactylography, ballistics, and autopsies. Each type of evidence is briefly described, with blood spatter analysis focusing on analyzing blood stains, odontology applying dentistry to aid in justice, dactylography studying fingerprints for identification, and autopsies scientifically examining dead bodies in certain types of deaths.
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Professionl Misconduct
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Intersex
Intersex individuals have sexual characteristics that do not fit typical definitions of male or female. Identification of biological sex is usually based on external genitalia, but can be problematic in cases of intersex, transvestism, or transgender individuals. Sex verification tests examine features like genital development, facial hair, breasts, and internal sex organs, as well as nuclear sexing techniques like Barr body tests. Disorders of sexual development include gonadal agenesis, gonadal dysgenesis (which includes Klinefelter and Turner syndromes), true hermaphroditism with both ovarian and testicular tissues, and pseudohermaphroditism where the genital characteristics do not match the underlying sex chromosomes.
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DYING DECLARATION AND DEPOSITION
- 1. ANAND KUMAR ROLL NO=08 MBBS BATCH 2017-18
- 2. DYING DECALARATION DEFINITION:- It is written or oral statement of a person , who is dying as a result of a unlawful act , relating to the material facts of the cause of death or the circumstances surrounding it. The dying declaration has been incorporated in Sec.32 IEA
- 3. PROCEDURE AND FEATURES OF DYING DECLARATION The doctor should certify that the person is conscious and his mental faculties are normal, i.e. he is in compos mentis Oath is not administered because of the belief that the dying person tells the truth No leading questions are asked
- 4. While recording the statement if the declarant becomes unconscious, the person recording it must record as much information as he has obtained and sign it himself If the declarant survives, the declaration is not admitted, but has corroborative value, and the person is called to give oral evidence
- 5. DYING DEPOSITION It is a statement or oath made by a dying person to a magistrate in the presence of the accused and his lawyer who has the opportunity of cross examining him. There is no provision of dying deposition in IEA, so it is not followed in India.
- 6. DIFFERENCE