Dunwich And Aldeburgh
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The document discusses coastal erosion at Dunwich and Aldeburgh in Suffolk, England. Dunwich has experienced significant erosion, with most of the once-thriving port town now underwater as a result of storms and sea level rise. Rates of erosion average 1 meter per year. In contrast, coastal management efforts like groynes and sea walls have been implemented to protect Aldeburgh from similar erosion problems. The reasons for implementing protection at Aldeburgh but not Dunwich are also examined.
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Dunwich And Aldeburgh
The document discusses coastal erosion at Dunwich in Suffolk, England. It describes how Dunwich was once a thriving port town similar in size to London, but storms and erosion have destroyed most of it, leaving only a few cottages. The cliffs at Dunwich are made of soft sediments and experience erosion rates of up to 1 meter per year, mostly during storms. Longshore drift carries material south along the coast. In contrast, coastal management efforts like sea walls and beach replenishment have been used to protect the town of Aldeburgh further south from similar erosion.
Coastal Management
The document discusses different methods of coastal management to reduce erosion and flooding risks along coastlines. It describes hard engineering options like groynes, sea walls, revetments, and rock armour that use rigid structures to reduce wave energy. It also describes soft engineering options like beach nourishment, beach reshaping, and managed retreat that are more sustainable and natural approaches. Managed retreat in particular allows the sea to reclaim formerly flooded land to create salt marshes that can absorb wave energy and flooding impacts.
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Sea walls provide the highest level of short-term protection against coastal erosion but are very expensive to build and maintain, with erosion issues resurfacing once the wall ends. Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the shore to slow longshore drift and build beaches, but only provide protection for 15-20 years. Piecemeal coastal protection schemes can exacerbate erosion issues down drift as sediment builds up in protected areas, leaving undefended shorelines more vulnerable. Beach nourishment involves adding new sand to eroding beaches and is one of the few options that both protects land and preserves beach resources long term.
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The document discusses various hard engineering methods for coastal management including seawalls, breakwaters, and groynes.
Seawalls are sloping or vertical concrete walls built parallel to the coast to absorb wave energy. However, the reflected waves increase erosion below the wall.
Breakwaters are structures built parallel to the coast some distance away to break wave force before reaching land. They reduce erosion but can cause erosion in unprotected areas.
Groynes are perpendicular structures that trap sediment on the side facing longshore drift, building up beaches but potentially causing erosion on the opposite side if not spaced correctly.
All hard structures have benefits but also problems like erosion in unprotected areas and need for regular maintenance. Soft
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The document discusses hard and soft engineering techniques used to protect coastlines in the UK. Hard engineering aims to control coastal processes through man-made structures like sea walls, while soft engineering works with natural processes, using methods such as beach replenishment and managed retreat. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages for coastal management.
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Coastal areas face problems of erosion and flooding due to rising sea levels and increased storm activity. This threatens homes, businesses and tourism. Coastal defenses use hard engineering like seawalls and groynes, or soft engineering like beach nourishment and managed retreat, to protect coastlines. However, all methods have disadvantages such as visual impacts or increasing erosion elsewhere. Coastal resorts also struggle with declining visitor numbers from overseas competition and require solutions like improving attractions to revitalize their economies.
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About 75% of the US population lives in coastal areas and faces coastal hazards. These hazards include tropical cyclones, storm surges, tidal floods, tsunamis, erosion from wave action and fluctuating sea levels, and deposition from littoral sediment transport. Coastlines are divided into littoral cells that contain a complete cycle of sedimentation, and interference with sediment transport within a cell can lead to downcoast beach erosion. Coastal hazards vary depending on whether the coast is on a passive or active tectonic margin.
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There are several factors that determine whether a stretch of coastline is protected from erosion or not. Hard engineering approaches like groynes, sea walls, gabions, revetments, and rock armor are expensive options to prevent erosion but may not be aesthetically pleasing. Softer engineering techniques like beach nourishment, stabilizing sand dunes, and managed retreat are generally less expensive and more sustainable as they work with natural coastal processes. The Holderness Coast in England is an example of an eroding coastline where various hard and soft engineering strategies have been used to protect vulnerable areas from erosion over the past few centuries.
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The document discusses coastal erosion at Dunwich in Suffolk, England. It describes how Dunwich was once a thriving port town similar in size to London, but storms and erosion have destroyed most of it, leaving only a few cottages. The cliffs at Dunwich are made of soft sediments and experience erosion rates of up to 1 meter per year, mostly during storms. Longshore drift carries material south along the coast. In contrast, coastal management efforts like sea walls and beach replenishment have been used to protect the town of Aldeburgh further south from similar erosion.
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The document discusses different methods of coastal management to reduce erosion and flooding risks along coastlines. It describes hard engineering options like groynes, sea walls, revetments, and rock armour that use rigid structures to reduce wave energy. It also describes soft engineering options like beach nourishment, beach reshaping, and managed retreat that are more sustainable and natural approaches. Managed retreat in particular allows the sea to reclaim formerly flooded land to create salt marshes that can absorb wave energy and flooding impacts.
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Sea walls provide the highest level of short-term protection against coastal erosion but are very expensive to build and maintain, with erosion issues resurfacing once the wall ends. Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the shore to slow longshore drift and build beaches, but only provide protection for 15-20 years. Piecemeal coastal protection schemes can exacerbate erosion issues down drift as sediment builds up in protected areas, leaving undefended shorelines more vulnerable. Beach nourishment involves adding new sand to eroding beaches and is one of the few options that both protects land and preserves beach resources long term.
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The document discusses various hard engineering methods for coastal management including seawalls, breakwaters, and groynes.
Seawalls are sloping or vertical concrete walls built parallel to the coast to absorb wave energy. However, the reflected waves increase erosion below the wall.
Breakwaters are structures built parallel to the coast some distance away to break wave force before reaching land. They reduce erosion but can cause erosion in unprotected areas.
Groynes are perpendicular structures that trap sediment on the side facing longshore drift, building up beaches but potentially causing erosion on the opposite side if not spaced correctly.
All hard structures have benefits but also problems like erosion in unprotected areas and need for regular maintenance. Soft
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Coastal areas face problems of erosion and flooding due to rising sea levels and increased storm activity. This threatens homes, businesses and tourism. Coastal defenses use hard engineering like seawalls and groynes, or soft engineering like beach nourishment and managed retreat, to protect coastlines. However, all methods have disadvantages such as visual impacts or increasing erosion elsewhere. Coastal resorts also struggle with declining visitor numbers from overseas competition and require solutions like improving attractions to revitalize their economies.
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About 75% of the US population lives in coastal areas and faces coastal hazards. These hazards include tropical cyclones, storm surges, tidal floods, tsunamis, erosion from wave action and fluctuating sea levels, and deposition from littoral sediment transport. Coastlines are divided into littoral cells that contain a complete cycle of sedimentation, and interference with sediment transport within a cell can lead to downcoast beach erosion. Coastal hazards vary depending on whether the coast is on a passive or active tectonic margin.
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There are several factors that determine whether a stretch of coastline is protected from erosion or not. Hard engineering approaches like groynes, sea walls, gabions, revetments, and rock armor are expensive options to prevent erosion but may not be aesthetically pleasing. Softer engineering techniques like beach nourishment, stabilizing sand dunes, and managed retreat are generally less expensive and more sustainable as they work with natural coastal processes. The Holderness Coast in England is an example of an eroding coastline where various hard and soft engineering strategies have been used to protect vulnerable areas from erosion over the past few centuries.
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The document discusses coastal erosion issues in Happisburgh, England. It notes that over 250m of land was lost between 1600-1850, and 125m was lost between 1992-2007 at a rate of around 8m/year. The cliffs are comprised of glacial sands and clays that are easily eroded by the sea and saturated by rainwater. Coastal defenses could worsen the situation by disrupting sediment flows, while rising seas and stronger storms from climate change also increase erosion risks. The rapid erosion is negatively impacting the local community and environment through lost homes and infrastructure as well as valuable farmland.
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Coastal management refers to protecting coastlines from flooding and erosion. Hard engineering uses man-made structures like sea walls and breakwaters to stop coastal processes, while soft engineering works with natural systems through beach replenishment, relocating structures, and stabilizing dunes and mangroves. Both approaches aim to reduce erosion, but hard structures disrupt longshore drift while soft options are more environmentally friendly but require more maintenance.
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Hard engineering approaches involve physical structures like seawalls and breakwaters to protect against coastal erosion. Soft engineering focuses on planning and behavior changes, encouraging minimal interference and using natural protections like beach nourishment, relocating properties, and planting mangroves. While hard structures provide effective short-term protection, they require high maintenance and can cause erosion in unprotected areas. Soft approaches are often more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
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The document discusses different methods of coastal management used to reduce erosion and protect coastlines. Hard engineering options like sea walls, groynes, and revetments aim to reduce erosion but are expensive and can damage the environment. Soft engineering options like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and beach reshaping are often more sustainable and cost-effective but provide only temporary protection. The document provides details on each method, including how they work, advantages, and disadvantages.
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The document discusses coastal landforms and processes. It describes how constructive and destructive waves modify coastlines through erosion and deposition processes. These include hydraulic power, corrosion, abrasion, attrition, and solution. Landforms result from these processes, including wave-cut platforms, cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, beaches, and spits. The document also discusses coastal management strategies to address issues like erosion and tourism, including hard engineering approaches like sea walls and groynes, and soft engineering like beach nourishment and managed retreat.
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Groynes are barriers built perpendicular to the shore to slow longshore drift and build up beaches. They allow beach build up which protects against erosion and attracts tourism. However, they can be seen as unattractive and costly to build and maintain.
Breakwaters are used to protect harbors and stretches of coastlines, usually made of concrete or stone blocks strong enough to withstand waves. They must be built in deep water, making them expensive.
Gabions are metal cages filled with rocks stacked to form simple walls. They provide short-term erosion protection but are easily damaged and rust quickly. Gabions are relatively inexpensive but have a short lifespan.
Revetments are sloped structures that break up wave energy
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Beach nourishment involves replacing sand lost to erosion from external sources to widen beaches. It reduces storm damage by dissipating wave energy and protects structures. Nourishment must be repeated as it doesn't stop erosion forces. Sand used must match native beaches in size and texture. Nourishment widens beaches for recreation while providing flood and erosion protection. It is expensive to implement but supports local economies. Alternative stabilization methods include hard structures or soft techniques but don't fully restore eroded beaches like nourishment does.
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Large scale coastal development can cause problems if not properly managed through coastal protection and planning. Coastal management approaches include hard engineering using physical structures to reduce erosion, and soft engineering which focuses on non-structural planning and allowing natural processes. Specific hard engineering measures have benefits but also negative consequences, while soft engineering through beach nourishment, relocating properties, mangrove planting, and stabilizing dunes can help protect coasts but face challenges.
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Coastal management techniques can be categorized as hard or soft engineering. Hard techniques include sea walls, groynes and rock armor which aim to reduce erosion through rigid barriers. Soft techniques include beach nourishment and managed retreat, which are more sustainable but involve losing land. Managed retreat allows sea reclamation for marshes to reduce flood risks, but results in farmland and property loss requiring compensation. Choosing techniques involves weighing costs and environmental impacts against protecting infrastructure from coastal threats.
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Hard coastal protection measures like seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and gabions can help defend against wave erosion. Seawalls made of concrete absorb wave energy during storms. Breakwaters are often granite and create shallow water to reduce wave impact on coasts. Groynes prevent longshore drift from transporting materials away from the coast. Gabions are wire cages filled with rocks that reinforce other structures and river banks against erosion.
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There are several options available to reduce coastal erosion, including groynes, gabions, rip rap, sea walls, and offshore breakwaters. Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the coast to interrupt longshore drift and build up beach material. Gabions are large wire cages filled with rocks that can be stacked in various shapes. Rip rap uses rocks or concrete rubble placed along shorelines. Sea walls are strong, hard structures built inland to reduce wave effects. Offshore breakwaters are structures built partially submerged offshore to reduce wave intensity and erosion. Each defense method has advantages and disadvantages related to costs, maintenance needs, and environmental impacts.
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Groynes are barriers built perpendicular to the shore to slow longshore drift and build up beaches. They allow beach build up which protects against erosion and attracts tourism. However, they can be seen as unattractive and costly to build and maintain.
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Gabions are metal cages filled with rocks stacked to form simple walls. They provide short-term erosion protection but are easily damaged and rust quickly. Gabions are relatively inexpensive but have a short lifespan.
Revetments are sloped structures that break up wave energy
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Large scale coastal development can cause problems if not properly managed through coastal protection and planning. Coastal management approaches include hard engineering using physical structures to reduce erosion, and soft engineering which focuses on non-structural planning and allowing natural processes. Specific hard engineering measures have benefits but also negative consequences, while soft engineering through beach nourishment, relocating properties, mangrove planting, and stabilizing dunes can help protect coasts but face challenges.
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There are seven main types of coastal protection schemes: sea walls, revetments, rip-rap, groynes, gabions, offshore breakwaters, and beach rebuilding. Sea walls are made of stone or concrete and withstand wave energy but are very expensive at £6,000 per meter. Revetments are sloping concrete walls that absorb wave energy and allow water and sediment to pass at a lower £2,000 per meter cost but can be damaged. Gabions are wire baskets filled with stones that gradually cover with sand and grass and are relatively inexpensive at £100 per meter but the wire rusts.
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GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: THE HOLDERNESS COASTLINE. It contains: main facts, eroding coast Europe, long shore drift, features of the Holderness coastline, management, coastline defense.
9134024.ppt
Coastal erosion is a major problem for Grand Bahama's economy and infrastructure due to sea level rise and hurricanes. Hard engineering structures like sea walls, groynes and breakwaters have been used to protect settlements, roads and tourism resorts, but can disrupt sediment flows and cause erosion issues further down the coast. Softer techniques like beach replenishment, gabions and dune vegetation have also been tried with mixed results. While protection is needed, coastal managers must consider both economic and environmental impacts.
Advanced technologies for costal protection
This document discusses various advanced technologies for coastal protection in India. It introduces the importance of protecting India's long coastline from flooding and erosion. It then describes different methods of coastal protection including sea walls, breakwaters, groins, gabions, revetments, bulkheads, and beach nourishment. It provides details on each method and examples of their use. The document emphasizes the importance of coastal protection for safety, economic, and environmental reasons. It notes that development and habitat loss threaten coastlines and that protection methods should consider social, economic and environmental impacts.
Enivornmental Impacts of the World Islands
This project give a basic insight about how land reclamation & construction activity can negatively impact the environment and how it can be mitigated.
Coasts Booklet
1. The document summarizes case studies on different coastal ecosystems and locations, including Oxwich Bay in Wales, Ban Don Bay in Thailand, and the 1953 North Sea storm surge.
2. It also discusses short term changes to sea levels from the 1953 storm surge, which caused major flooding and loss of life in eastern England. Wind and low pressure raised sea levels over 2 meters.
3. The final section examines tourism and recreation on the Dorset coast of England, noting its economic importance but also environmental impacts, and the management strategies employed to mitigate conflicts between different user groups.
L3.ap longshore drift and deposition
The document summarizes various coastal erosion processes that shape coastlines:
1) Attrition occurs as waves carry rocks that knock against each other, breaking them down into smaller pieces over time.
2) Abrasion involves the dissolving of limestone by carbonic acid in seawater and the expansion of salt crystals in the rock causing it to disintegrate.
3) Hydraulic action is the wearing away of cliffs by sand, shingle and boulders hurled against them powerfully by wave action.
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Dunwich And Aldeburgh
- 3. What did Dunwich used to be like? Right on the Eastern coast it was once a thriving port, similar in size to London but storms, erosion and floods have almost wiped out this once prosperous village which was the capital of East Anglia. All that now remains are a few cottages where once there was six churches, three chapels, two monasteries and even a mint. It's rumoured that most of it is under the sea and on a quiet day it's said you can hear the church bells of the doomed village still ringing out ... What Dunwich might have looked like…
- 5. Rates of erosion at Dunwich are now as great as one metre per year! Actively eroding cliffs – absence of vegetation shows that erosion is recent The line of pebbles show the high tide mark on the cliff Source of Photos: http://www.stacey.peak-media.co.uk/DunwichHeath/DunwichApril2005/DunwichApr2005.htm
- 6. This photo clearly shows two levels at which the base of the cliffs has been eroded at high tide! Photo Source:http://www.stacey.peak-media.co.uk/DunwichHeath/DunwichApril2005/800-P1010829.JPG
- 7. What is Longshore Drift? The large scale movement of material along the coast
- 8. In what direction does material move along the coast at Dunwich? Mark on the prevailing wind direction and draw on the pattern of longshore drift along the coast at Dunwich. Question – Get thinking! How does longshore drift contribute to the erosion problem at Dunwich?
- 13. COASTAL MANAGEMENT WHY IS IT NEEDED?
- 14. COASTAL MANAGEMENT WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS? HARD ENGINEERING SOFT ENGINEERING Coastal Defence Structures (man-made, which reflect large amounts of wave energy. Beaches or naturally formed materials used to control / re-direct erosion processes
- 15. Option 1 HARD ENGINEERING Sea Wall Rip Rap Groynes Gabions Revetments
- 16. 1. RECURVED SEA WALL Advantages? Disadvantages?
- 17. 2. RIP-RAP (Rock Armour) Advantages? Disadvantages? rip rap is simply boulders/stones the waves break on the rip rap and not on the coastline
- 18. 3. GROYNES Advantages? Disadvantages?
- 19. How do groynes work? Groynes trap the sand which is carried along the coast by longshore drift . The sand acts as a natural protection against the force of the waves. The waves break on the beach and not the cliffs. Source: BOARDWORKS
- 20. Decision making exercise Seaview 0 10m Engleton Prevailing wind buildings groynes till Roman Palace N Why is Seaview being eroded? Should Seaview be protected from coastal erosion? If so, how? Source: BOARDWORKS This is the imaginary coastal town of ‘Seaview’. Seaview has been suffering from coastal erosion for the last 15 years since the nearby larger town of ‘Engleton’ had groynes built to protect its own coastline. Seaview is built on ‘till’ (soft clay) and is losing up to 30cm of land per year. Why protect Seaview? The town is home to 20,000 residents. The remains of a Roman Palace are located here. This attracts tourists.
- 21. 4. GABIONS Advantages? Disadvantages? Although not used at Aldeburgh there are 2 other types of hard coastal defence:
- 22. 5. REVETMENTS Advantages? Disadvantages?
- 23. Option 2 SOFT ENGINEERING Beach Nourishment Salt Marshes
- 24. 6. BEACH REPLENISHMENT Advantages? Disadvantages?
- 25. 7. BEACHES / SALT MARSHES A wide beach or salt marsh area will help to absorb wave energy before it is able to attack the cliff line, helping to reduce erosion Advantages? Disadvantages?