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Coastal erosion and management on the north Norfolk coastline A2 coursework
Cley next the sea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Landuse behind Cley
Looking east from Cley Shingle ridge is bulldozed to maintain the  barrier to protect Salthouse village
Looking west from Cley towards Blakney Point (coastal spit) Westerly movement of material by LSD Management conflict-managed retreat V secondary buffer ridge??
Looking up the beach from the  shoreline Shingle ridges/berms Top of beach
Landuse behind Cley Managed shingle ridge Flat saltmarsh land Salthouse village
Weybourne ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Looking west towards Cley Unmanaged shingle ridge
Looking east towards Sheringham Chalk/unconsolidated sand and glacial till cliffs Revetments had previously been laid Along the cliff but post 1998 these  were removed following a storm breach  and has now been left unmanaged
Cliff face showing evidence of slumping Under the shingle beach there is a chalk WCP Evident during storm periods Slumping
Sub-aerial weathering Conglomerates Unconsolidated sand Chalk with flint nodules
Chalk-evidence of bedding planes Wave cut notch by corrasion Cave Weybourne crag
Evidence of coastal management
Cley next the Sea Flat saltmarsh Gently dipping slopes  away from the sea
Sub-aerial weathering Evidence of gulleying due to sub-aerial weathering through the Unconsolidated glacial till and sand deposits
5 coastguard cottages approximately 10m from cliff (potential interview)
Sheringham ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Undefended Sheringham-looking west towards Weybourne Sheringham golf course Chalk dipping beneath sealevel  Leaving glacial deposits exposed Evidence of slumping LSD now eastwards
Start of defences (west of Sheringham centre)-Groynes Hinged doors allow shingle movement from west to east WEST EAST
Sheringham West Beach Original Sea Wall not included in sea wall replacement scheme – the wider beach offered greater protection Rock Armour buried by shingle helps to prevent scouring of sea wall Sheringham town centre
Fishermen’s Slope – in 1986 beach level fell by 2.5 m due to scouring Sea wall from 1900 resurfaced with concrete in 1988 and entirely replaced in 1993 -4 Rock Armour and Rock groynes Narrow beach here = more erosion
Sheringham East Drainage pipe in cliff to  Help prevent saturation of soil Drainage hole allows water to  Flow onto promenade
Sheringham East – the end of the sea defences Cliff slumping along undefended stretch 1988 – Beach nourishment used 12000 tonnes of flints were  deposited into  The bays East of the ‘tank’
Sheringham town centre Tourist facilities
High value landuse in Sheringham town centre –  Sea Defences hold the existing line £1.5 million spent in 1998 on replacing and repairing wooden groynes  And installing rock groynes
West Runton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
West Runton has few tourist amenities; Low value; Managed retreat Short sea wall protects café and toilet block Dark band at base of cliff marks line of a tropical river which meandered East to West 600 000 yrs bp – Known as Cromer Forest Bed Many fossil remains found including the West Runton Elephant Cliffs are glacial till and prone to  Slumping – results in a gentle profile
WCP forms rocky outcrop Erratics from Northumberland (Dolerite) and  Norway (Rhomb Pomphry) found here
Low value landuse – agriculture and caravan park Weight of farm machinery has encouraged cliff  collapse along the coast
Overstrand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overstrand uses multiple sea defences – groynes and sea wall
Gabions allow water to pass through and hold back slumped material Sea Wall also provides a promenade (tourist amenity)
Wooden Groynes prevent LSD Sand beach means a gentle profile
Boulder Clay cliffs are prone to slumping Gabions hold back slumped material - A successful measure Drainage holes are found in concrete wall Bore holes sunk into ground in high risk areas to remove water
The old coastal path was closed off and the road diverted.
Wooden Revetments Flint nodules caught in gaps – reduce effectiveness of the sea defence
HDE and a Revetment 5ft 5 ¾  My bag! Steel girders – foundations for defence?
Re-curved sea wall with drainage holes
Coastal path – severed in 2002 due to slumping Foundations of Overstrand hotel
Vegetated area suggests no recent slumping
Former cliff line Foundations
Clifton Way ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Slope was regraded after a loss of 100,000 tonnes of material in 1994 Lack of vegetation Drainage channels
Rock armour at base to prevent further slumping and undercutting 1995 – area excavated and layers of sand and synthetic matting,  Chalk and boulder clay were used to rebuild the slope. Drainage channels, bore holes and inspection holes were  installed
Council access road had been re - routed twice before 1994 New access road to beach for maintenance
View from beach up Clifton Way
Revetments placed infront of rock armour Access road Bungalows are here!
Managing the coast ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Four options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Possible project titles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What now???? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Coastal Erosion And Management On The North Norfolk

  • 1. Coastal erosion and management on the north Norfolk coastline A2 coursework
  • 2.
  • 3.  
  • 5. Looking east from Cley Shingle ridge is bulldozed to maintain the barrier to protect Salthouse village
  • 6. Looking west from Cley towards Blakney Point (coastal spit) Westerly movement of material by LSD Management conflict-managed retreat V secondary buffer ridge??
  • 7. Looking up the beach from the shoreline Shingle ridges/berms Top of beach
  • 8. Landuse behind Cley Managed shingle ridge Flat saltmarsh land Salthouse village
  • 9.
  • 10. Looking west towards Cley Unmanaged shingle ridge
  • 11. Looking east towards Sheringham Chalk/unconsolidated sand and glacial till cliffs Revetments had previously been laid Along the cliff but post 1998 these were removed following a storm breach and has now been left unmanaged
  • 12. Cliff face showing evidence of slumping Under the shingle beach there is a chalk WCP Evident during storm periods Slumping
  • 13. Sub-aerial weathering Conglomerates Unconsolidated sand Chalk with flint nodules
  • 14. Chalk-evidence of bedding planes Wave cut notch by corrasion Cave Weybourne crag
  • 15. Evidence of coastal management
  • 16. Cley next the Sea Flat saltmarsh Gently dipping slopes away from the sea
  • 17. Sub-aerial weathering Evidence of gulleying due to sub-aerial weathering through the Unconsolidated glacial till and sand deposits
  • 18. 5 coastguard cottages approximately 10m from cliff (potential interview)
  • 19.
  • 20. Undefended Sheringham-looking west towards Weybourne Sheringham golf course Chalk dipping beneath sealevel Leaving glacial deposits exposed Evidence of slumping LSD now eastwards
  • 21. Start of defences (west of Sheringham centre)-Groynes Hinged doors allow shingle movement from west to east WEST EAST
  • 22. Sheringham West Beach Original Sea Wall not included in sea wall replacement scheme – the wider beach offered greater protection Rock Armour buried by shingle helps to prevent scouring of sea wall Sheringham town centre
  • 23. Fishermen’s Slope – in 1986 beach level fell by 2.5 m due to scouring Sea wall from 1900 resurfaced with concrete in 1988 and entirely replaced in 1993 -4 Rock Armour and Rock groynes Narrow beach here = more erosion
  • 24. Sheringham East Drainage pipe in cliff to Help prevent saturation of soil Drainage hole allows water to Flow onto promenade
  • 25. Sheringham East – the end of the sea defences Cliff slumping along undefended stretch 1988 – Beach nourishment used 12000 tonnes of flints were deposited into The bays East of the ‘tank’
  • 26. Sheringham town centre Tourist facilities
  • 27. High value landuse in Sheringham town centre – Sea Defences hold the existing line £1.5 million spent in 1998 on replacing and repairing wooden groynes And installing rock groynes
  • 28.
  • 29. West Runton has few tourist amenities; Low value; Managed retreat Short sea wall protects café and toilet block Dark band at base of cliff marks line of a tropical river which meandered East to West 600 000 yrs bp – Known as Cromer Forest Bed Many fossil remains found including the West Runton Elephant Cliffs are glacial till and prone to Slumping – results in a gentle profile
  • 30. WCP forms rocky outcrop Erratics from Northumberland (Dolerite) and Norway (Rhomb Pomphry) found here
  • 31. Low value landuse – agriculture and caravan park Weight of farm machinery has encouraged cliff collapse along the coast
  • 32.
  • 33. Overstrand uses multiple sea defences – groynes and sea wall
  • 34. Gabions allow water to pass through and hold back slumped material Sea Wall also provides a promenade (tourist amenity)
  • 35. Wooden Groynes prevent LSD Sand beach means a gentle profile
  • 36. Boulder Clay cliffs are prone to slumping Gabions hold back slumped material - A successful measure Drainage holes are found in concrete wall Bore holes sunk into ground in high risk areas to remove water
  • 37. The old coastal path was closed off and the road diverted.
  • 38. Wooden Revetments Flint nodules caught in gaps – reduce effectiveness of the sea defence
  • 39. HDE and a Revetment 5ft 5 ¾ My bag! Steel girders – foundations for defence?
  • 40. Re-curved sea wall with drainage holes
  • 41. Coastal path – severed in 2002 due to slumping Foundations of Overstrand hotel
  • 42. Vegetated area suggests no recent slumping
  • 43. Former cliff line Foundations
  • 44.
  • 45. Slope was regraded after a loss of 100,000 tonnes of material in 1994 Lack of vegetation Drainage channels
  • 46. Rock armour at base to prevent further slumping and undercutting 1995 – area excavated and layers of sand and synthetic matting, Chalk and boulder clay were used to rebuild the slope. Drainage channels, bore holes and inspection holes were installed
  • 47. Council access road had been re - routed twice before 1994 New access road to beach for maintenance
  • 48. View from beach up Clifton Way
  • 49. Revetments placed infront of rock armour Access road Bungalows are here!
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.

Editor's Notes

  1. Flooding management – compared to erosion management Article in handout
  2. Revetments had previously been laid along the cliff but post 1998 these were removed following a storm breach and has now been left unmanaged
  3. Article in handout
  4. Managed retreat – often termed sustainable – allowing nature to find its equilibrium e.g. let salt marshes develop to create natural buffer zone …. Only intervene if it becomes necessary.
  5. NO coming back