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Drugs causing ocular toxicity
This document discusses drugs that can cause ocular toxicity and their side effects. It covers various classes of drugs including anti-infectives, anti-parasites, anti-inflammatories, cardiovascular drugs, nervous system drugs, anti-convulsants, anti-depressants, anti-parkinsonism drugs, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, anti-psychotics, and hormones. For each drug class, specific drugs are mentioned along with their potential ocular side effects such as optic neuritis, blurred vision, diplopia, mydriasis, papilledema, and retinal damage among others. The document provides an extensive overview of how different systemic medications can impact ocular health and cause toxicity
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Drugs causing ocular toxicity
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Ocular toxicity,asall other areas of toxicology is a never ending,ever expanding branch till the scientist work and ophthalmologist prescribe Clinicians must base their decision on Available data Past experience Human variables
- 3. Toxicity may beof minor complications like Conjunctivitis Medicamentosa or aplastic anemia death
- 4. Ocular toxicology maybe discussed in following lines Ocular manifestation of systemic medication Systemic manifestation following topical ocular medication Ocular complications following topical ocular preparations Agents affecting specific ocular areas
- 5. OCULAR MANIFESTATION OFSYSTEMIC MEDICATION
- 6. ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS: DRUG SIDEEFFECTS • CHLORAMPHENICOL >>>>> optic neuritis central scotoma rare toxic amblyopia • ETHAMBUTOL >>>>> inflammation of optic disc,nerve,tract color vision disturbance
- 7. • ISONIAZID >>>>>optic neuritis optic atrophy • NALIDIXIC ACID >>>>> minor visual disturbance color vision defects rare, papilloedema reversible sixth nerve palsy • RIFAMPICIN >>>>> conjunctival hyperemia lacrimation • SULFONAMIDE >>>>> conjunctival and corneal scarring steven-Johnson syndrome
- 8. • GRISEOFULVIN >>>>>macular degeneration macular oedema papilloedema pseudotumour cerebri photosensitivity • TETRACYCLINES >>>>> blurring of vision diplopia rare, papilloedema reversible pseudo tumour cerebri • STREPTOMYCIN >>>>> optic neuritis
- 9. ANTI-PARASITE DRUGS: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • AMODIAQINE >>>>> corneal deposit rare, retinopathy reversible • CHLOROQUINE >>>>> corneal deposit CD is frequent bilateral macular degeneration reversible when total dose is more than 100gm irreversible macular change occurs
- 10. • QUININE >>>>>retinal vascular disorders with cherry red spot at macula acute loss of vision with excessive doses partially toxic amblyopia reversible • TRYPARSAMIDE >>>>> impaired vision optic atrophy reversible
- 11. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • IBUPROFEN >>>>> disturbance of colour vision rare blurring of vision reversible optic neuritis • INDOMETHACIN >>>>> corneal deposit rare diplopia reversible mydriasis possible retinal damage • NAPROXEN >>>>> blurred vision scotomas
- 12. • OXYPHENBUTAZONE >>>>>conjunctival and corneal scarring • PHENYLBUTAZONE >>>>> steven-Johnson syndrome • TOIMETIN >>>>> toxic amblyopia diplopia • GOLD SALT >>>>> corneal deposits reversible • ACETAMINOPHEN >>>>> steven-Johnson syndrome
- 13. CARDIOVASCULAR : DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • AMIODARONE >>>>> corneal deposit lens opacities reversible conjunctival hyperemia • VASODILATOR-HYDRALAZINE >>>>> lacrimation conjunctivitis very rare • QUANITHIDINE >>>>> ptosis
- 14. NERVOUS SYSTEM: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • PENTAZOCINE >>>>> miosis hallucination • PHENACETIN >>>>> xanthopsia • ANTICHOLENERGICS >>>>> mydriasis problem in accommodation reversible raise in IOP in angle closure glaucoma
- 15. ANTI CONVULSANT: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • PHENYTOIN >>>>> nystagmus diplopia frequent weakness of accommodation and convergence reversible • TRIMETHADIONE >>>>> glare in bright light fading of colors reversible
- 16. ANTI DE-PRESSANTS: • LITHIUMCARBONATE >>>>> blurred vision sodium def accommodative weakness reversible • MONOAMINE-OXIDASE >>>>> changes in color perception INHIBITORS papilloedema rare visual acuity • IMIPRAMINE • DESIPRAMINE • NORTRIPTYLINE >>>>> increased IOP frequent • TRICYCLICS impairement of accommodation
- 17. ANTI-PARKINSONISM DRUG: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • AMANTADINE >>>>> visual hallucination frequent in elders reversible • BENZTROPINE >>>>> blurring of near vision dilatation of pupil
- 18. BENZODIAZEPINES & DERIVATIVES: DRUGSSIDE EFFECTS • CHLORDIAZE POXIDE HCL >>>>> blurred vision reversible with overdose diplopia irreversible • CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM >>>>> nystagmus DIAZEPAM diplopia allergic conjunctivitis
- 19. HYPONOTICS: DRUGS SIDE EFFECTS •FENFLURAMINE >>>>> dilatation of pupil • KETAMINE >>>>> visual hallucination rare nystagmus reversible
- 20. ANTI PSYCHOTIC: DRUGS SIDEEFFECTS • CHLORPROMAZINE HCL >>>>> pigment deposition in anterior portion of lens & posterior cornea • PERPHENAZINE >>>>> blurring of near vision enlarged pupil rare • PROCHLORPERAZINE >>>>> uncontrolled eye movement • PHENOTHIAZINES >>>>> conjunctival deposit corneal opacity retinal degeneration
- 21. HORMONES: DRUGS SIDE EFFECTS •CONTRACEPTIVES >>>>> retinal haemorrhages papilloedema corneal edema & swelling rare nystagmus
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