This document summarizes different drugs used to treat leprosy. It classifies drugs as sulfones like dapsone, antitubercular drugs like rifampicin and ethionamide, and phenazines like clofazimine. It provides details on how each drug works, common adverse effects, dosage and administration. Dapsone is the main drug used and works by the same mechanism as sulfonamides. Rifampicin is bactericidal and imparts an orange color. Ethionamide acts faster but is more toxic. Clofazimine has anti-inflammatory effects and produces reddish black skin color. Antibiotics like ofloxacin, minocycline and clarithromycin

1. ANTI-LEPROTIC DRUGS
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae
• Lesions of skin and peripheral nerves are characteristic feature of
this disease

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
SULFONES • dapsone
ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS • Rifampicin
• ethionamide
PHENAZINES • clofazimine
ANTIBIOTICS • Ofloxacin
• Minocycline
• clarithromycin

4. DIAMINO DIPHENYLSULFONE(DDS,DAPSONE)
• Dapsone are chemically related to sulfonamides
• It is bacteriostatic
• It acts by the same mechanism as sulfonamide
Absorption,fate and excretion
• Dapsone are completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
• It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids
• A high concentration is present in skin,especially leprosy affected skin
• It is metabolized by acetylation and also glucuronide and sulfate conjugation
• The metabolic products are eliminated in urine

5. Adverse effect
• Sensitisation of skin leading to exfoliative dermatitis
• Hemolysis in patients with G-6-PD deficiency
• Blood dyscrasias like agranulocytosis
• Hypothyroidism and goiter
Preparation and dose
Tablets of dapsone are administered at a dose of 100mg daily

6. RIFAMPICIN
• It is bactericidal antibiotic which is effective orally
• It has no serious adverse effects
• But it imparts an orange red color to urine,saliva and other secretions
Dose
600 mg for two consecutive days in a month

7. ETHIONAMIDE
• It is a fast acting drug than dapsone
• But it is more expensive and more toxic
• It is orally effective and it is administered daily
CLOFAZIMINE
• It is a phenazine dye with an anti-inflammatory effect
• It has a weak bactericidal action
• It can br used in dapsone resistant leprosy,tuberculoid leprosy,for relieving pain
of lepra reaction
• It produces reddish black color on the skin

8. ANTIBIOTICS
• Antibiotics such as ofloxacin,minocycline and clarithromycin are tried in the
treatment of leprosy
• They are tried in monotherapy or in multidrug therapy
• They can be used in cases either allergic or resistant to dapsone

9. LEPRA REACTION
• The acute exacerbation which occurs during the course of leprosy is called
as lepra reaction
• It occurs due to various factors like infections,malaria or treatment with
sulfones
• Lepra reactions are treated with clofazimine or chloroquine
• Dapsone is not withdrawn but continued in full doses throughout lepra
reactions

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