anti-leprotic drugs

1. ANTI-LEPROTIC DRUGS
Yogapriya.v
B.Opt(IIIyr)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae
• Lesions of skin and peripheral nerves are characteristic feature of
this disease

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
SULFONES • dapsone
ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS • Rifampicin
• ethionamide
PHENAZINES • clofazimine
ANTIBIOTICS • Ofloxacin
• Minocycline
• clarithromycin

4. DIAMINO DIPHENYLSULFONE(DDS,DAPSONE)
• Dapsone are chemically related to sulfonamides
• It is bacteriostatic
• It acts by the same mechanism as sulfonamide
Absorption,fate and excretion
• Dapsone are completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
• It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids
• A high concentration is present in skin,especially leprosy affected skin
• It is metabolized by acetylation and also glucuronide and sulfate conjugation
• The metabolic products are eliminated in urine

5. Adverse effect
• Sensitisation of skin leading to exfoliative dermatitis
• Hemolysis in patients with G-6-PD deficiency
• Blood dyscrasias like agranulocytosis
• Hypothyroidism and goiter
Preparation and dose
Tablets of dapsone are administered at a dose of 100mg daily

6. RIFAMPICIN
• It is bactericidal antibiotic which is effective orally
• It has no serious adverse effects
• But it imparts an orange red color to urine,saliva and other secretions
Dose
600 mg for two consecutive days in a month

7. ETHIONAMIDE
• It is a fast acting drug than dapsone
• But it is more expensive and more toxic
• It is orally effective and it is administered daily
CLOFAZIMINE
• It is a phenazine dye with an anti-inflammatory effect
• It has a weak bactericidal action
• It can br used in dapsone resistant leprosy,tuberculoid leprosy,for relieving pain
of lepra reaction
• It produces reddish black color on the skin

8. ANTIBIOTICS
• Antibiotics such as ofloxacin,minocycline and clarithromycin are tried in the
treatment of leprosy
• They are tried in monotherapy or in multidrug therapy
• They can be used in cases either allergic or resistant to dapsone

9. LEPRA REACTION
• The acute exacerbation which occurs during the course of leprosy is called
as lepra reaction
• It occurs due to various factors like infections,malaria or treatment with
sulfones
• Lepra reactions are treated with clofazimine or chloroquine
• Dapsone is not withdrawn but continued in full doses throughout lepra
reactions

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