Drug use in midwifery and obstetrics
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•851 views
Mala-N is an oral contraceptive pill containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. It is supplied free through public health centers. The pill is taken daily for 21 days, followed by a 7 day break when menstruation occurs, then a new packet is started on the 5th day of the next period. Mala-N works by preventing ovulation. It is nearly 100% effective but requires motivation and discipline to take the pill daily. Certain medical conditions and other factors can make some women unsuitable for the pill. Potential side effects include nausea, headaches, and changes to periods.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Minor disorders of newborn
This document discusses 29 common minor disorders that may occur in newborns, including vomiting, failure to pass meconium or urine, constipation, diarrhea, physiological jaundice, hiccups, sneezing, fever, excessive crying, oral thrush, excessive sleepiness, mastitis neonatorum, vaginal bleeding, caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, asymmetric head shape, craniotabes, sore buttocks, erythema toxicum, harlequin color change, stork bites, subconjunctival hemorrhage, subcutaneous fat necrosis, acne neonatorum, congenital teeth, congenital hydrocele, bowed legs, umbilical hernia
Permanent methods of family planning ppt.-BIJU
This document discusses permanent methods of family planning or sterilization. It describes vasectomy and tubal ligation procedures. For males, vasectomy can be done via standard or non-scalpel methods involving cutting or clamping the vas deferens. For females, tubal ligation techniques include partial salpingectomy, clips, or electrocautery applied via laparoscopy, laparotomy, or minilaparotomy. Both methods are effective permanent contraception with minimal risks but require counseling on benefits and limitations.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Vaginal examination for b.sc iv year
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Minor disorders of pregnancy
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Vaginal examination
pervaginal examination, vaginal examination, manually
OBG procedure, during labour, for assessment of the progress of labour.
Screening of high risk pregnancy
Screening and assessment of high-risk pregnancies involves identifying women at increased risk of complications through non-invasive tests like ultrasounds, NSTs and CSTs. Diagnostic tests then establish or rule out conditions and include invasive procedures like amniocentesis and cord blood sampling. Ultrasounds provide fetal images and assess growth while NSTs and CSTs monitor the fetal heart rate during rest and contractions. Amniocentesis analyzes amniotic fluid for genetic disorders while cord blood sampling draws fetal blood for similar tests when earlier methods were inconclusive. Both invasive procedures have a risk of miscarriage but can diagnose many conditions affecting the developing baby.
Recommended
Minor disorders of newborn
This document discusses 29 common minor disorders that may occur in newborns, including vomiting, failure to pass meconium or urine, constipation, diarrhea, physiological jaundice, hiccups, sneezing, fever, excessive crying, oral thrush, excessive sleepiness, mastitis neonatorum, vaginal bleeding, caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, asymmetric head shape, craniotabes, sore buttocks, erythema toxicum, harlequin color change, stork bites, subconjunctival hemorrhage, subcutaneous fat necrosis, acne neonatorum, congenital teeth, congenital hydrocele, bowed legs, umbilical hernia
Permanent methods of family planning ppt.-BIJU
This document discusses permanent methods of family planning or sterilization. It describes vasectomy and tubal ligation procedures. For males, vasectomy can be done via standard or non-scalpel methods involving cutting or clamping the vas deferens. For females, tubal ligation techniques include partial salpingectomy, clips, or electrocautery applied via laparoscopy, laparotomy, or minilaparotomy. Both methods are effective permanent contraception with minimal risks but require counseling on benefits and limitations.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Vaginal examination for b.sc iv year
nurses/doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
Minor disorders of pregnancy
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Vaginal examination
pervaginal examination, vaginal examination, manually
OBG procedure, during labour, for assessment of the progress of labour.
Screening of high risk pregnancy
Screening and assessment of high-risk pregnancies involves identifying women at increased risk of complications through non-invasive tests like ultrasounds, NSTs and CSTs. Diagnostic tests then establish or rule out conditions and include invasive procedures like amniocentesis and cord blood sampling. Ultrasounds provide fetal images and assess growth while NSTs and CSTs monitor the fetal heart rate during rest and contractions. Amniocentesis analyzes amniotic fluid for genetic disorders while cord blood sampling draws fetal blood for similar tests when earlier methods were inconclusive. Both invasive procedures have a risk of miscarriage but can diagnose many conditions affecting the developing baby.
trends and issues in obstetrical nursing
This document discusses trends in midwifery and obstetrical nursing. It begins by defining midwifery and obstetrics. It then outlines several trends, including economic issues like rising costs of childcare; technological advances in fertility treatments and testing; demographic shifts to urban areas; changes in healthcare settings like managed care and shorter hospital stays. It also discusses trends toward patient involvement and self-care. Current problems discussed are shorter hospital stays, higher patient acuity, lack of rural facilities, and changes to maternal-newborn nursing models.
KANGAROO MOTHER CARE
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a technique for caring for low birth weight babies that involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. The three main components of KMC are keeping the baby in direct skin-to-skin contact with the mother in a "kangaroo position", exclusive breastfeeding to provide "kangaroo nutrition", and early discharge from and regular follow-up after the hospital to allow for "kangaroo early discharge". KMC provides benefits to both the baby and mother such as improved physiological stability, bonding, and reduced stress for the mother.
Management of ailment during puerperium
This document discusses the management of common minor ailments that can occur during the postpartum period, known as the puerperium. It describes treatments for after pains, breast engorgement, increased urination, constipation, and suppressed lactation. For breast engorgement, it recommends expressing milk, applying hot/ice packs, supportive bras, pain medication, and regular breastfeeding. Increased urination is managed by keeping the mother hydrated and changing clothes frequently. Constipation is addressed through diet and mild laxatives if needed. Lactation suppression involves breast binding and avoiding stimulation. Thorough checkups and discharge advice include postnatal exercises, self-care, breastfeeding guidance, and contra
Placenta at term for nursing students
The human placenta is a discoid, haemochorial organ that develops during pregnancy to connect the developing fetus to the uterine wall for nutrient/waste exchange. At term, the placenta is a circular disc about 15-20cm in diameter and 2.5cm thick that weighs around 500g. It has both a fetal side covered by amnion/umbilical cord and a rough, spongy maternal side with lobes. The placenta facilitates gas/nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood supplied by the umbilical cord and establishes a connection between the mother and developing fetus.
INFERTILITY & IT'S MANAGEMENT
This topic concern with infertlity due to both female and male factor etiology and it's management including ART.
Placental and cord abnormalities
This document discusses placental and umbilical cord abnormalities. It begins by describing normal placental anatomy and development. It then covers various types of placental anomalies including abnormalities of form, position, relationships to cord/membranes, and diseases. Umbilical cord abnormalities such as short/long length, knots, torsion, and single umbilical artery are also reviewed. In summary, the document provides an overview of common placental and umbilical cord abnormalities for Mrs. Savita presented by Nikita Sharma.
Level of neonatal care, Level I,Level II, Level III whole nursing care of Bab...
The document categorizes 4 levels of neonatal care provided by hospitals and facilities based on the therapies and services available. Level I provides basic care for healthy newborns. Level II (special care nursery) cares for preterm or ill infants needing limited care. Level III (NICU) provides intensive care for critically ill infants. The highest level, Level IV (regional NICU), provides specialty surgical care and the most advanced therapies.
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test, presentation
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test timing, purpose, indication,contraindication,procedure
Complication of puerperium
Puerperium complications and minor ailments include after pains caused by uterine contractions to expel blood clots, perineal pain from tears or hematomas, breast engorgement from milk accumulation, cracked nipples from improper feeding technique, and mastitis caused by blocked milk ducts or infection. Nursing care focuses on pain management, perineal examination and treatment, frequent breastfeeding or pumping, and antibiotics for infections. Subinvolution of the uterus can occur if the uterus does not fully shrink postpartum and may require exploring the uterus, antibiotics, or pelvic support.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
During pregnancy, the female body undergoes many physiological changes to support the growing fetus. The genital organs like the uterus, cervix, and breasts enlarge and the vascularity increases. The cardiovascular system works harder - blood volume, heart rate, and cardiac output increase. Respiration also increases to supply more oxygen to the mother and fetus. Hormonal changes driven by the placenta result in further physical adaptations like skin pigmentation and breast development. These changes help create a healthy environment for the baby to develop over the 9 months of pregnancy.
Presentation episiotomy
This document discusses episiotomy, including its definition as a surgically planned incision made during childbirth, purposes such as facilitating delivery and reducing perineal tearing, types (median, mediolateral, lateral), indications, advantages, repair process, post-operative care, and potential complications. The repair process involves suturing the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles, and skin in layers to restore anatomical structure while controlling bleeding and preventing infection.
Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. This is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to stop potentially life-threatening bleeding. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes. While the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is rising due to increased rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, early diagnosis and treatment have reduced maternal death and illness.
Physiological changes in puerperium
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
Adolecent pregnancy,unwed mothers, elderly primi,substance abuse
The document discusses adolescent pregnancy, unwed mothers, causes and risks. It defines adolescent pregnancy as affecting girls aged 19 or younger. Rates have declined due to increased condom use. Younger teens aged 12-14 are more at risk of unplanned sex. Unwed mothers face social stigma and economic hardship without family support. Preventive measures include education, easy access to contraceptives, and banning prostitution. Nurses can educate youth and advocate for the rights of unwed mothers.
Gestational diabetes
This document discusses gestational diabetes, including its definition, risk factors, screening and diagnostic tests, complications, management, and delivery considerations. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin production or action. It is characterized by high blood glucose and poses risks to both mother and baby if not properly managed through careful monitoring, medical nutrition therapy, exercise, and possibly insulin treatment. The goal of management is to maintain normal blood glucose levels and reduce complications.
Umbilical cord and cord abnormalities
The document discusses the structure and abnormalities of the umbilical cord. It notes that the cord normally measures 50-60 cm in length and contains two umbilical arteries and one vein embedded in Wharton's jelly. Abnormalities include short or long cord length, abnormal diameter, single umbilical artery, knots, cysts, and abnormal cord insertion or coiling. Certain abnormalities like short cords or single umbilical artery can increase risks of fetal distress, preterm delivery, or growth restriction.
ABORTION
This document discusses abortion, also known as miscarriage. Abortion is defined as the termination of a pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. The document covers the incidence, classification, etiology, signs and symptoms, investigations, and management of different types of miscarriages such as threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent miscarriages. Nursing management involves close monitoring of symptoms and vital signs and notifying the healthcare provider immediately if bleeding is noticed.
Minor ailments of pregnancy and its treatment
The document summarizes several minor ailments that can occur during pregnancy due to physiological changes. These include supine hypotension syndrome, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, edema, morning sickness, heartburn, acidity, constipation, leg cramps, backache, sleep disturbances, and increased urinary frequency. The causes and management of each condition are described. It is noted that while unpleasant, these minor issues typically resolve on their own or with conservative treatment. However, warning signs like excessive nausea/vomiting or bleeding should not be ignored as they could indicate more serious complications.
Antenatal preparation
Counseling during pregnancy provides advice on maintaining health, reducing stress, and preparing for childbirth. It includes discussing antenatal exercises, nutrition, substance abuse, education on labor and delivery, strengthening the parent-child bond, and alleviating fears. Proper nutrition, rest, immunizations and avoiding risk factors like smoking, alcohol and unnecessary radiation are emphasized. The involvement of family is important for support during pregnancy.
Decidua & Chorionic Velli (General Embryology)
The decidua is the endometrium that remains in the uterus after implantation. It is composed of three parts: the decidua basalis between the blastocyst and myometrium that forms part of the placenta, the decidua capsularis covering the blastocyst except at the embryonic pole and separating it from the uterine cavity, and the decidua parietalis lining the rest of the uterine cavity. After delivery, the decidua basalis shares in placenta formation while the decidua capsularis and parietalis fuse and are shed with the placenta.
hormonalcontraception-210101111102 (1).pdf
This document discusses various hormonal contraceptive methods. It describes combined oral contraceptives (containing estrogen and progestin), progestogen-only contraceptives including the progestogen-only pill, implants containing etonogestrel, progestogen-only injectables such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. The methods are compared in terms of their mechanisms of action, administration, effectiveness, side effects, and contraindications. Combined oral contraceptives are highlighted as the most commonly used reversible contraceptive worldwide.
Contraception_Lecture_i mweene.pptx
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including their definitions, mechanisms of action, effectiveness, side effects, and other considerations. It describes barrier methods like withdrawal as well as hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, implants, injections, and intrauterine devices. For each method, it discusses how they work to prevent pregnancy, effectiveness rates, advantages and disadvantages, and medical eligibility criteria. The document provides a comprehensive overview of modern reversible contraceptive options.
More Related Content
What's hot
trends and issues in obstetrical nursing
This document discusses trends in midwifery and obstetrical nursing. It begins by defining midwifery and obstetrics. It then outlines several trends, including economic issues like rising costs of childcare; technological advances in fertility treatments and testing; demographic shifts to urban areas; changes in healthcare settings like managed care and shorter hospital stays. It also discusses trends toward patient involvement and self-care. Current problems discussed are shorter hospital stays, higher patient acuity, lack of rural facilities, and changes to maternal-newborn nursing models.
KANGAROO MOTHER CARE
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a technique for caring for low birth weight babies that involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby, exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital. The three main components of KMC are keeping the baby in direct skin-to-skin contact with the mother in a "kangaroo position", exclusive breastfeeding to provide "kangaroo nutrition", and early discharge from and regular follow-up after the hospital to allow for "kangaroo early discharge". KMC provides benefits to both the baby and mother such as improved physiological stability, bonding, and reduced stress for the mother.
Management of ailment during puerperium
This document discusses the management of common minor ailments that can occur during the postpartum period, known as the puerperium. It describes treatments for after pains, breast engorgement, increased urination, constipation, and suppressed lactation. For breast engorgement, it recommends expressing milk, applying hot/ice packs, supportive bras, pain medication, and regular breastfeeding. Increased urination is managed by keeping the mother hydrated and changing clothes frequently. Constipation is addressed through diet and mild laxatives if needed. Lactation suppression involves breast binding and avoiding stimulation. Thorough checkups and discharge advice include postnatal exercises, self-care, breastfeeding guidance, and contra
Placenta at term for nursing students
The human placenta is a discoid, haemochorial organ that develops during pregnancy to connect the developing fetus to the uterine wall for nutrient/waste exchange. At term, the placenta is a circular disc about 15-20cm in diameter and 2.5cm thick that weighs around 500g. It has both a fetal side covered by amnion/umbilical cord and a rough, spongy maternal side with lobes. The placenta facilitates gas/nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood supplied by the umbilical cord and establishes a connection between the mother and developing fetus.
INFERTILITY & IT'S MANAGEMENT
This topic concern with infertlity due to both female and male factor etiology and it's management including ART.
Placental and cord abnormalities
This document discusses placental and umbilical cord abnormalities. It begins by describing normal placental anatomy and development. It then covers various types of placental anomalies including abnormalities of form, position, relationships to cord/membranes, and diseases. Umbilical cord abnormalities such as short/long length, knots, torsion, and single umbilical artery are also reviewed. In summary, the document provides an overview of common placental and umbilical cord abnormalities for Mrs. Savita presented by Nikita Sharma.
Level of neonatal care, Level I,Level II, Level III whole nursing care of Bab...
The document categorizes 4 levels of neonatal care provided by hospitals and facilities based on the therapies and services available. Level I provides basic care for healthy newborns. Level II (special care nursery) cares for preterm or ill infants needing limited care. Level III (NICU) provides intensive care for critically ill infants. The highest level, Level IV (regional NICU), provides specialty surgical care and the most advanced therapies.
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test, presentation
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test timing, purpose, indication,contraindication,procedure
Complication of puerperium
Puerperium complications and minor ailments include after pains caused by uterine contractions to expel blood clots, perineal pain from tears or hematomas, breast engorgement from milk accumulation, cracked nipples from improper feeding technique, and mastitis caused by blocked milk ducts or infection. Nursing care focuses on pain management, perineal examination and treatment, frequent breastfeeding or pumping, and antibiotics for infections. Subinvolution of the uterus can occur if the uterus does not fully shrink postpartum and may require exploring the uterus, antibiotics, or pelvic support.
Physiological changes during pregnancy
During pregnancy, the female body undergoes many physiological changes to support the growing fetus. The genital organs like the uterus, cervix, and breasts enlarge and the vascularity increases. The cardiovascular system works harder - blood volume, heart rate, and cardiac output increase. Respiration also increases to supply more oxygen to the mother and fetus. Hormonal changes driven by the placenta result in further physical adaptations like skin pigmentation and breast development. These changes help create a healthy environment for the baby to develop over the 9 months of pregnancy.
Presentation episiotomy
This document discusses episiotomy, including its definition as a surgically planned incision made during childbirth, purposes such as facilitating delivery and reducing perineal tearing, types (median, mediolateral, lateral), indications, advantages, repair process, post-operative care, and potential complications. The repair process involves suturing the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles, and skin in layers to restore anatomical structure while controlling bleeding and preventing infection.
Ectopic pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. This is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to stop potentially life-threatening bleeding. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes. While the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is rising due to increased rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, early diagnosis and treatment have reduced maternal death and illness.
Physiological changes in puerperium
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
Adolecent pregnancy,unwed mothers, elderly primi,substance abuse
The document discusses adolescent pregnancy, unwed mothers, causes and risks. It defines adolescent pregnancy as affecting girls aged 19 or younger. Rates have declined due to increased condom use. Younger teens aged 12-14 are more at risk of unplanned sex. Unwed mothers face social stigma and economic hardship without family support. Preventive measures include education, easy access to contraceptives, and banning prostitution. Nurses can educate youth and advocate for the rights of unwed mothers.
Gestational diabetes
This document discusses gestational diabetes, including its definition, risk factors, screening and diagnostic tests, complications, management, and delivery considerations. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin production or action. It is characterized by high blood glucose and poses risks to both mother and baby if not properly managed through careful monitoring, medical nutrition therapy, exercise, and possibly insulin treatment. The goal of management is to maintain normal blood glucose levels and reduce complications.
Umbilical cord and cord abnormalities
The document discusses the structure and abnormalities of the umbilical cord. It notes that the cord normally measures 50-60 cm in length and contains two umbilical arteries and one vein embedded in Wharton's jelly. Abnormalities include short or long cord length, abnormal diameter, single umbilical artery, knots, cysts, and abnormal cord insertion or coiling. Certain abnormalities like short cords or single umbilical artery can increase risks of fetal distress, preterm delivery, or growth restriction.
ABORTION
This document discusses abortion, also known as miscarriage. Abortion is defined as the termination of a pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. The document covers the incidence, classification, etiology, signs and symptoms, investigations, and management of different types of miscarriages such as threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, septic, and recurrent miscarriages. Nursing management involves close monitoring of symptoms and vital signs and notifying the healthcare provider immediately if bleeding is noticed.
Minor ailments of pregnancy and its treatment
The document summarizes several minor ailments that can occur during pregnancy due to physiological changes. These include supine hypotension syndrome, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, edema, morning sickness, heartburn, acidity, constipation, leg cramps, backache, sleep disturbances, and increased urinary frequency. The causes and management of each condition are described. It is noted that while unpleasant, these minor issues typically resolve on their own or with conservative treatment. However, warning signs like excessive nausea/vomiting or bleeding should not be ignored as they could indicate more serious complications.
Antenatal preparation
Counseling during pregnancy provides advice on maintaining health, reducing stress, and preparing for childbirth. It includes discussing antenatal exercises, nutrition, substance abuse, education on labor and delivery, strengthening the parent-child bond, and alleviating fears. Proper nutrition, rest, immunizations and avoiding risk factors like smoking, alcohol and unnecessary radiation are emphasized. The involvement of family is important for support during pregnancy.
Decidua & Chorionic Velli (General Embryology)
The decidua is the endometrium that remains in the uterus after implantation. It is composed of three parts: the decidua basalis between the blastocyst and myometrium that forms part of the placenta, the decidua capsularis covering the blastocyst except at the embryonic pole and separating it from the uterine cavity, and the decidua parietalis lining the rest of the uterine cavity. After delivery, the decidua basalis shares in placenta formation while the decidua capsularis and parietalis fuse and are shed with the placenta.
What's hot (20)
Level of neonatal care, Level I,Level II, Level III whole nursing care of Bab...
Level of neonatal care, Level I,Level II, Level III whole nursing care of Bab...
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test, presentation
Non-stress test, and contraction stress test, presentation
Adolecent pregnancy,unwed mothers, elderly primi,substance abuse
Adolecent pregnancy,unwed mothers, elderly primi,substance abuse
Similar to Drug use in midwifery and obstetrics
hormonalcontraception-210101111102 (1).pdf
This document discusses various hormonal contraceptive methods. It describes combined oral contraceptives (containing estrogen and progestin), progestogen-only contraceptives including the progestogen-only pill, implants containing etonogestrel, progestogen-only injectables such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system. The methods are compared in terms of their mechanisms of action, administration, effectiveness, side effects, and contraindications. Combined oral contraceptives are highlighted as the most commonly used reversible contraceptive worldwide.
Contraception_Lecture_i mweene.pptx
This document discusses various methods of contraception, including their definitions, mechanisms of action, effectiveness, side effects, and other considerations. It describes barrier methods like withdrawal as well as hormonal methods like oral contraceptives, implants, injections, and intrauterine devices. For each method, it discusses how they work to prevent pregnancy, effectiveness rates, advantages and disadvantages, and medical eligibility criteria. The document provides a comprehensive overview of modern reversible contraceptive options.
Emergency contraception, Combination Birth Control Pill, Progestogen-Only Pills
This document discusses different types of emergency contraception and birth control methods including combination birth control pills and progestogen-only pills. It provides information on how each method works, effectiveness rates, benefits and risks, side effects, drug interactions, complications and important considerations for patient education. The methods discussed are levonorgestrel, ulipristal acetate, combination birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin, and progestogen-only pills.
2.OCP lecture 2018.pptx
This document provides information on hormonal contraception, including combined oral contraceptive pills and progestogen-only pills. It discusses the types of combined and progestogen-only pills, their effectiveness, mode of action, use guidelines, side effects, advantages, and contraindications. Combined oral contraceptive pills are very effective at preventing pregnancy when taken correctly, with a failure rate of less than 1% with perfect use. Progestogen-only pills are effective options for breastfeeding women and those who cannot use estrogen. Altered bleeding is a common side effect of progestogen-only pills.
Contraception_Lecture.ppt
Gynecology Medical Student notes describing use of contraceptives and application in the medical field. A guide on the criteria use of oral contraceptives and their indications for use.
Contraception2.ppt
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods, including their mechanisms of action, efficacy, advantages, disadvantages, and medical considerations. It discusses hormonal methods like combined and progestin-only oral contraceptives, implants, injectables, and IUDs. It also covers barrier methods, periodic abstinence, withdrawal, lactational amenorrhea, and breastfeeding as a contraceptive. For each method, key details are presented around effectiveness, side effects, proper use, and medical suitability.
Hormonal method of contraception
This document summarizes hormonal methods of contraception. It describes family planning and the criteria for an ideal contraceptive. Hormonal contraceptives are classified as oral pills, depot formulations, injections, subdermal implants, and vaginal rings. Combined oral contraceptive pills contain estrogen and progesterone while progesterone-only pills contain only progesterone. Depot formulations provide long-lasting, reversible contraception through injections or implants. The various hormonal methods, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and potential side effects are discussed.
Spacing Methods (2) DR Amrutha mam.pptx
This document provides information on various contraceptive methods available under the national family planning program in India. It discusses temporary methods like condoms, oral contraceptive pills, emergency contraceptive pills, IUCD and injectable contraceptives. It also discusses permanent methods like male and female sterilization. The document provides details on appropriate use, effectiveness and side effects of these methods. It focuses on oral contraceptive pills, progestin-only pills, emergency contraceptive pills and injectable contraceptives.
Progesterone & oral contraceptives
This document discusses progesterone and oral contraceptives. It covers their pharmacokinetics, uses, types, mechanisms of action, side effects, contraindications, non-contraceptive benefits, progesterone-only pills, non-hormonal contraception including centchroman, emergency contraception, and dosage information. Oral contraceptives work primarily by suppressing gonadotropin secretion to inhibit ovulation but also through other mechanisms like cervical mucus thickening and endometrial changes. Common side effects include nausea, headaches, and weight gain. Risks include blood clots, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.
Contraception a long time for w2019.pptx
The document provides information on various contraceptive methods including hormonal contraception, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and sterilization. It discusses the effectiveness, risks, benefits, and appropriate counseling for different contraceptive options. The document aims to educate healthcare providers on family planning to provide women with successful contraception that has a positive impact on their health and lives.
2. Family planing level3.pptx
This document provides information on different types of oral contraceptives and how they work. It discusses combined oral contraceptives (COCs) which contain both estrogen and progesterone. COCs prevent ovulation and make implantation less likely. Their effectiveness depends on correct and consistent use. Side effects may include changes in bleeding patterns and headaches. It also discusses progestin-only pills (POPs) which contain progesterone only and work mainly by thickening cervical mucus. Injectable contraceptives like DMPA are administered through injection and provide contraception for 1-3 months by inhibiting ovulation. Implants are long-acting reversible methods involving rods inserted under the skin that release progestin.
2. Family planing level3.pptx
This document provides information on different types of oral contraceptives and how they work. It discusses combined oral contraceptives (COCs) which contain both estrogen and progesterone. COCs prevent ovulation and make implantation less likely. Their effectiveness depends on correct and consistent use. Side effects may include changes in bleeding patterns and headaches. It also discusses progestin-only pills (POPs) which contain progesterone only and work mainly by thickening cervical mucus. Injectable contraceptives like DMPA are administered through injection and provide contraception for 1-3 months by inhibiting ovulation. Implants are long-acting reversible methods involving rods inserted under the skin that release progestin and prevent pregnancy for 3-5
FAMILY PLANNING - injectables.ppt
The document discusses hormonal injectable contraceptives, specifically Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Norethisterone Enanthate (NET-EN). It provides information on the mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, management of clients, and administration of injectable contraceptives. The main points are that injectables suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy, have high effectiveness rates but can cause irregular bleeding and return of fertility takes longer than other methods. Guidelines for starting and managing clients on injectable contraceptives are outlined.
injectablecontraceptives-100515014351-phpapp02 (1).pdf
This document summarizes injectable contraceptives, including progestogen-only and combined formulations. Progestogen-only injectables contain a progestogen hormone and are effective for 2-3 months, while combined injectables contain a progestogen and estrogen and are effective for 1 month. Common progestogen-only brands include Depo-Provera (DMPA) and NET-EN, while common combined brands include Mesigyna. Both formulations are highly effective at preventing pregnancy and have minimal side effects. Fertility typically returns within 9-12 months after discontinuing use. The document provides eligibility criteria for different populations and clinical guidance on use.
Contraception
This document provides information on various contraceptive methods, including:
- Hormonal methods such as oral contraceptive pills, injectables like DMPA, and implants.
- Barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides.
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) including copper and hormonal IUDs.
- Surgical methods like tubal ligation and vasectomy.
It discusses the types of each method, how they work, effectiveness, side effects, benefits, and other important details about family planning options. Counseling approaches and medical eligibility criteria for contraceptives are also covered.
Injectables.ppt
The document provides information on injectable contraceptives, including learning objectives, types available in Pakistan (DMPA, NET-EN, Mesigyna), how each works, effectiveness, advantages, limitations, side effects, client assessment, and site of insertion. The key points are that three injectable contraceptives are available, they prevent pregnancy for 2-3 months by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucus, they are very effective but can cause side effects like irregular bleeding, and clients must be properly assessed for medical eligibility.
Family planning INDIA
The national family planning programme of India aims to lower fertility and slow population growth through contraceptive methods. It was initiated in 1952 and has since evolved to also promote reproductive health. Factors influencing population growth include unmet need for family planning, early age of marriage and first childbirth, and birth spacing. The public sector provides various contraceptive methods including condoms, oral pills, injectables, IUCDs, and sterilization procedures.
Family planning after pregnancy.pdf
Explain the wider meaning of family planning.
Give contraceptive counselling.
List the efficiency, contraindications and side effects of the various contraceptive methods.
List the important health benefits of contraception.
Advise a postpartum patient on the most appropriate method of contraception.
Hormonal contraception
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive.
Oral contraceptives.pptx
This document summarizes oral contraceptives, including combined pills, phased pills, progestin-only pills, and emergency contraceptive pills. It discusses how hormonal contraceptives work to suppress fertility through inhibition of ovulation and thickening of cervical mucus. Potential side effects are outlined ranging from non-serious issues like nausea to serious health risks like blood clots. Contraindications and drug interactions are also summarized.
Similar to Drug use in midwifery and obstetrics (20)
Emergency contraception, Combination Birth Control Pill, Progestogen-Only Pills
Emergency contraception, Combination Birth Control Pill, Progestogen-Only Pills
injectablecontraceptives-100515014351-phpapp02 (1).pdf
injectablecontraceptives-100515014351-phpapp02 (1).pdf
More from Atul Yadav
Urinary Elimination Unit 10th of FON
The document discusses urinary diversion procedures which surgically reroute urine flow out of the body when the normal flow is blocked, including temporary procedures like urinary catheterization and nephrostomy tubes which drain urine until the blockage is treated, as well as permanent diversions that require creating a stoma or internal reservoir to reroute urine to an external pouch. It also provides instructions for caring for urinary diversions by checking the dressing, skin, and urine color and flow through the tubing.
Machinery Equipment and Linen Unit 9 of FON
This document discusses machinery, equipment and linen. It appears to be a presentation on these topics presented by Atul Yadv, who is identified as an RN and RM. The document focuses on different types of machinery, equipment and linen used in a healthcare setting.
Fats Unit 3rd of nutrition
This document discusses lipids and fats. It defines fats and classifies them as simple, compound, or derived lipids. Fats can also be classified by their fatty acid composition as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated. The document outlines the daily recommended intake of fats and their main sources. It describes the digestion, absorption, metabolism and functions of fats, as well as deficiencies from too little or too much fat. Cholesterol is also discussed.
Carbohydrates Unit 2nd of Nutrition
The document defines carbohydrates and classifies them as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. It discusses the daily requirement of carbohydrates, their main sources, and functions like providing energy, sparing protein, and aiding mineral absorption. It describes the digestion of carbohydrates by enzymes into simpler sugars, their absorption and metabolism. Deficiencies can cause ketosis while overconsumption may lead to dental caries, heart disease, obesity, and intestinal irritation.
Nutrition unit 1
This document discusses the role of nutrition in nursing. It begins with definitions of key nutrition terms and explores how nutrition impacts health through growth, infection resistance, and disease. Specific nutritional problems in India like protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, and goiter are also examined. The document emphasizes the important role nurses play in nutritional assessment, education, and developing therapeutic diets to maintain and promote patient health.
Referral system Unit - VII
This presentation contains :-
1.Levels of health care
2. Concepts of prevention
3. Level of prevention
4. Primary prevention
5. Health promotion
6. Specific protection
7. Secondary prevention
8. Tertiary prevention
9. Summary of referral system
10. Triage system
11. Reference slip
12. Referral system in India
13. Definition of referral system
14. System of referral
15. Chain of referral
16. Purpose of referral
17. Requirement for effective referral system
18. The referral units of PHC system need
19. The referral hospital at secondary and tertiary level need
20. Selection of referral case
21. Cases requiring immediate care
22. Referral form
23. Advantages of referral case
24. Key points to effective referral system
25. Nursing role in referral system
Atul yadav certificate
Atul Yadav is a name. This one sentence document provides a name without any other context or information about the person named Atul Yadav.
Male reproductive organs or genitalia in Hindi
This presentation contains male reproduction in Hindi :-
1. Male reproductive organ division
2. Testes
3. Tunica vaginalis
4. Tunica albuginer
5. Tunica vasculosa
6. Structure of Testis
7. Epididymis
8. Sperm or spermatoza
9. Structure of sperm
10. Vas- deference
11. Spermatic cords
12. Ejaculatory Duct
13. Seminal fluid
14. Seminal vesicles
15. Prostate Glands
16. Cowper's Glands
17. Semen
18. Penis
19. Parts of penis
20. Erection of human penis
21. Glans penis
22. Urethra
Family health care settings home visit (Unit - VI)
This presentation contains :-
1. Introduction to home visit
2. Definition of home visit
3. Purpose of home visit
4. Principle of home visiting
5. Purpose of home visiting
6. Advantage of home visiting
7. Planning and evaluation of home visiting
8. Bag technique
9. Community bag
10. Clinics in community
11. Health guides
12. Function of health guides
13. Trained dais
14. Function of trained dais
15. Anganwadi worker
16. Sub center
17. Function of sub-center
18. Primary health center
19. Function of primary health center
20. Community health centers
21. Function of community health center
Records and reports Unit - VIII CHN
This presentation is for community health nursing records and reports :-
1. Definition of record and report
2. Introduction to record and report
3. Uses of record
4. Uses of records in community health nursing
5. Types of records
6. Essential requirements of records
7. Cumulative records
8. Design of cards
9.
Degree of freedom of a Kinematic Mechanism
This presentation includes :-
1. Degrees of freedom of a rigid body in a 2D plane
2. Degrees of freedom of a rigid body in a 3D plane
3. Kinematic chain
4. Non-kinematic chain
5. Redundant chain
6. Grubler's criteria
Primary health care
This presentation contains :-
1. Introduction to primary health care
2. alma-ata conference
3. Definition of primary health care
4. Elements of primary health care
5. Principal of primary health care
6.Role of nurse in primary health care
Health promotion and maintenance
This presentation contains :-
1.Health promotion and maintenance
2. Introduction to health promotion and maintenance
3. Definition of health promotion
4. To promote health concepts
5. Proper nutrition
6. Healthy environment
7. Good health habits
8. Health examination and screening
9. Early diagnosis and treatment
10. Accidents
11. Immunization
12. Health education
13. Socio economic factors that affect health
14. Records in health promotion
Concepts of health and disease
This presentation contains :-
1. Concepts of health
2. Definition of health
3. Philosophy of health
4. Dimension of health
5. Determinants of health
6. Indicators of health
Research and research process
This presentation contains ;-
1. Introduction of research
2. Meaning of research
3. Definition of research
4. Need of nursing research
5. Methods of acquiring knowledge
6. Problem solving method
7. Scientific method
8. Steps of scientific methods
9. Characteristics of good research
10. Qualities of a good researcher
11. Ethics in nursing research
12. Informed consent
13. Types of research
14. Quantitative research
15. Qualitative research
16. Mixed method of research
17. Research based on purpose
18. Purpose based research
19. Applied research
20. Research process
21. Steps of quantitative research process
22. Conceptual frame work
23. Formulating research problem
24. Determining study objectives
25. Review of literature
26. Developing conceptual framework
27. Formulating hypothesis
28. Design and planning phase
29. Research approach or research design
30. Specify population
31. sampling
32. Developing tool for data collection
33. Establishing ethical consideration
34. Conducting the pilot study
35. Pilot study
36. Empirical phase
37. Sample selection
38. Data collection
39. Preparing for data analysis
40. Analytic phase
41. Dissemination phase
42. Steps in qualitative research process
43. Role of nurse in research
Chronic diseases affecting growth and development in hindi
This presentation contains :-
Chronic Diseases Affecting Growth and Development
All the chronic which can affect the growth and development of a child
Pandemic covid 19 (corona) templates
The document recommends washing hands frequently to help prevent the spread of coronavirus. It also suggests this is an opportunity for people to show compassion for others and help save humanity. Social distancing of at least 2 meters is advised.
Drugs and classification and there examples
The document discusses various types of drugs and their classifications including anti-hypertensive drugs which lower blood pressure, anti-tubercular drugs, cephalosporins, penicillins, sulfonamides, anti-bacterial drugs, anti-diarrheal drugs, laxatives, anti-emetics, drugs for peptic ulcers, hypolipidemic drugs, anti-platelet drugs, anticoagulants, diuretics and antidiuretics, anti-arrhythmic drugs, congestive heart failure drugs, peripheral vascular drugs, and antianginal drugs. It was presented by Mr. Atul Yadav.
Comfort devices
This presentation contains :-
1.Definition of comfort devices
2. Pillows
3. Purpose or use of pillow
4. Back rest
5. Use of back rest
6. Bed cradle
7. Use of bed cradle
8. Cardiac table
9. use of cardiac table
10. Mattresses
11. Use of mattresses
12. Air mattresses
13. Water mattress
14. Trapeze bar
15. use of trapeze bar
16. Foot board
17. use of foot board
18. Trochanter rolls
19. Sand bags
20, use of sand bags
21. Side rails
22. use of side rails
23. wedge /abductor pillow
24. Knee rest
25. Bed blocks
Community Health Nursing - unit 1
This document provides an overview of community health nursing. It defines key terms like community, health, and nursing. It describes the causes of poor health and the three types of communities. It explains that community health nursing combines nursing, public health, and social work to promote health, prevent disease, and rehabilitate illness within a defined community. The aims, objectives, principles, functions, and roles of community health nursing are outlined. These include health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, evaluation, and research at the individual, family, and population levels.
More from Atul Yadav (20)
Family health care settings home visit (Unit - VI)
Family health care settings home visit (Unit - VI)
Chronic diseases affecting growth and development in hindi
Chronic diseases affecting growth and development in hindi
Recently uploaded
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Drug use in midwifery and obstetrics
- 1. Drug use in Midwifery and Obstetrical Presented by- Atul Yadav (RN,RM)
- 3. Definition of Mala-N:- • It is an oral contraceptive and one of the major spacing method of contraception. • Mala-N is a low dose oral pill supplied under the programme under the brand name of Mala N. It contains • Levonorgestrol .....0.15 mg • Ethinyl estradiol ............. 0.03 mg. • Mala-N is supplied free of cost through all PHCS, urban family welfare centres, etc.
- 4. Mode of intake of Mala-N:- • A packet of oral pills contains 28 pills of which 22 are contraceptive pills and the remaining 7 are iron-tablets. The first course of the pills should be started strictly on the 5th day of the menstruation continuing it as day No. 1. Then daily one tablet should be taken from the packet as indicated by arrows on the pack till all the pills are consumed. The pill is given orally for 21 consecutive days followed by a break of 7 days/iron tablet during which menstruation occurs. New packet should be started from the 5th day of menstruation. The instructions issued with the packet should be closely followed.
- 5. Mode of Action of Mala-N: • The mechanism of action is to prevent the release of the ovum from the ovary. This is achieved by blocking the pituitary secretion of gonadotropin that is necessary for ovulation to occur. • Advantages of Mala-N: • a. Almost 100% effective. • b. No interference with sexual habits or relationships. c. Reversible method.
- 6. Cont… • Disadvantages of Mala-N: • a. Prior medical examinations in necessary before starting the pills. • b. Requires strong motivation and self discipline to be able to take the pill daily. • c. All women are not fit for pill intake because of certain contraindications. •
- 7. Contraindications of Mala-N: • a. Pregnancy. • b. Women over 35 years of age. • c. Medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic liner disease or cancer of breasts or genitals. • d. Nursing/lactating mothers during the first 12 months.
- 8. Side effects of Mala-N: • a. Nausea • b. Vomiting • c. Weight gain • d. Dizziness • e. Headache • f. Inter-menstrual bleeding • g. Spotting • h. Tender breasts • i. Pill may induce high blood pressure or cause cardiovascular complications.