How Inflammation Affects Longevity - Dr. Mark Wilson, from the 2018 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, 2018, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-leman-swine-conference-material

1. How Inflammation Affects Longevity
M.E. Wilsona, J. Deenb, J.L. Torrisonb, W. Schweera, Z.J. Ramboa
a Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
b University of Minnesota Veterinary School and Diagnostic lab, St. Paul, MN 55108

2. Inflammation

4. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Ovarian Inflammation

6. Inflammation
 Inflammation Includes:
1. Clotting mechanism activation
2. Increased blood flow
3. Increased capillary permeability
4. Enhanced influx of phagocytic cells
- Neutrophils arrive in 30 to 60 minutes
- Macrophage and lymphocytes in 5 to 6 h if
inflammation persists
SETTING ON FIRE!
BG - 193

7. http://www.omsusa.org/pranzatelli-immune.htmBG - 196

9. Maintenance Lactation Growth Reproduction
Immune
Activation
Nutrient Partitioning
Inflamation

10. Effect of Treatment On Energy Balance,
Maintenance Energy Requirement and
Nutrient Depositiona
IItem TreatTreatments
Con Enz LPS (ISS) SEM P-value
Heat production
Hp total
278.8b 274.9b 330.0a 14.9 0.040
Retained Energy
Lipid
291.4a 302.9a 227.7b 19.2 0.046
Estimated MEm 239.0b 239.5b 295.5a 0.045
Nutrient Deposition
g/d
Protein 87.4 78.5 69.8 5.86 0.150
Lipid 76.22 79.43 55.45 6.21 0.047
ADG (d 10-16) g/d 447.1 404.8 330.7 21.3 0.010
A Huntley et al., 2018. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9:47

11. Summary
 Decreased ADG to increased Mem independent of
changes in feed intake in immune challenged pigs.
 23% increase energy partitioning to the immune
system
 Decrease in lipid deposition and weight gain

12. Brain
Liver
Inflammatory Response
Chemical signals -
something is wrongInjury, Stress, Infection,
Lameness or Weight Loss
Pituitary gland- ACTH
Hypothalamus - Corticotrophin
Releasing Factor
Adrenal Gland - Cortisol
Nutrient sparing effect –
survival instinct
Anorexia DMI
NEFA Body condition
Acute Phase Proteins
Pro-inflammatory Mediators
IL1, IL2, IL6, TNFα, COX
Immune cells and
damaged tissue
IGF1
m SFF - 1353

13. The Human
Responsibility
First Line of
Defense
Stockmanship
Biosecurity
Hygiene
Husbandry
Innate Immune
Responses
Anatomic,
physiologic,
phagocytic,
and
inflammatory
barriers
Adaptive
Immune
Responses
Cell-mediated
immunity
Humoral
immunity
Immunological
Stress Factors,
e.g., pathogen load
Controlling immunological stress combining the human responsibility for animal
husbandry and hygiene in combination with the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Deitemeyer, 2003. VETscript, p.16DG - 370.2

14. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Ovarian Inflammation

15. Claw Lesions Can Lead To Lameness

16. Sow Mortality Project, National Pork Board, Iowa State University 2018 , 81 sow farms, 316,779 sows
Week 31 Causes of Mortality
Percentage mortality
Unknown
Lame/injured/downer
Intestinal ulcer
Disease
Farrowing difficulties
Rectal and vaginal prolapse
3
37
35
4
0
6
1
4
13

17. Impact of Inflammatory Mediators on
Claw Horn Production
• Addition of TNF-α resulted in inhibition of keratinocyte
proliferation vs. control over a period of 6d
• Inhibition was less pronounced for IL-1α
Mülling, CH., D. Hoffmann and K.-D. Budras. 2002. In vitro challenge studies on the effects of cytokines and growth factors on
bovine keratinocytes. Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstr. 20, D-14195 Berlin

18. Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Hoof Gene
mRNA Expression at 30 d Postpartum
 J.S. Osorio et al., 2016. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1-9
 J.S. Osorio et al., 2016. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1-9
Control ZPM Statistics
Number of cows 22 22
Milk production (kg/d) 38.3 41.6 P<0.02
Lesions of heel erosion 8 3 P<0.07
J.S. Osorio et al., 2016. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1-9

19. Effect Of Trace Mineral Source On Hoof Gene
mRNA Expression At 30 d Postpartum

20. Effect Of Trace Mineral Source On Hoof Gene
mRNA Expression At 30 d Postpartum

21. Data Collection
 Services to farrow
 Farrow rate,%
 Total born
 Number born alive
 Stillborn
 Mummies
 Wean-to-estrus interval
(WEI)
SwC - 84
Breeding
Toe evaluation,
treatment allotment,
and trimming
2nd Farrowing 3rd Farrowing1st Farrowing
50 to 60 d
mid-gestation
A. DeDecker et. al., 2016. IPVS 24th International Pigs Veterianary Society Congress. Dublin,
Irleand, June 7-10 proceedings pp 153

22. yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05
Litter Size: Born Alive
12.7
12.0y
13.1
12.6z
6
8
10
12
14
2nd Farrowing 3rd Farrowing
NumberOfPiglets
Control
Trimmed
A. DeDecker et. al., 2016. IPVS 24th International Pigs Veterianary Society Congress.
Dublin, Irleand, June 7-10 proceedings pp 153

23. Horn Tubule Structure In Claws With
And Without Severe Wall Lesions
Normal Horn Tubulesa
↓ density & ↑ diameter
of tubulesa
Claw without lesion Claw with severe lesions
a same magnification in both pictures
Varagka, et al., 2016. J of Swine Health Prod. 24 (2): 72 – 80.

24. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Ovarian Inflammation

25. 3134
2697
1287
3395
804
1451
713
1188
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Colostrum d 7 Milk d 14 Milk d 25 Milk
SCC,1000/mL
Somatic Cell Count In Colostrum
And Milk
15.1
61.7y
46.7w
16.4
69.5z
53.1x
0
30
60
90
Day 2 Weaning Gain
LitterWt,kg
Decreased Somatic Cell Count On
Litter Wean Weight
 C. Rapp and J. Morales. 2016. 67th Meeting of European
Federatioration of Animal Science (EAAP) . Belfast, UK.

26. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Ovarian Inflammation

27. JAM1JAM1
JAM1 JAM1
Claudin
Occludin
Tight Junction Complex
ZO1
ZO2
ZO3
ZO1
ZO2
ZO3
Actin cytoskeleton
Villi

28. Normal Sources of
metabolic stress
Effects of metabolic stress
Bacterial community
> 500 different species
Inflammation
“Gut Leakage”
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Cellular damage
Cytokines released
ROS
ROS
Enterocytes
Tight
Junction
 Toxins
 Bacterial dysbiosis
 Infections
 Psychological stress
 Starvation
 Dehydration
 Inflammation
 Surgery
Paracellular
Pathway

29. Lawsonia intracellularis
Ileitis
SwG - 288
Normal
Ileitis
2.0 x 109

30. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Ovarian Inflammation

32. LPS
Preterm Labor
Circulating estradiol
and progesterone
Folliculogenesis
Progesterone receptor
Level
Estrus behavior
Puberty onset
Steriodogenesis
pathway
Ovulation timing
Ovarian Dysfunction
Ross and Keating, 2016. Iowa State University

33. Nutrition pathways that may impact
hormone production in the sow
Gut Hormones ProteinCHO’s
Glucose availability &
Metabolism in CNS
Neurotransmitter
synthesis
Hypothalamus
GnRH)
Pituitary
LH/FSH; PRL
Ovary
(Steroids)
Bioactive
peptides
LNAA’s AA
Insulin
CHO
Lipids
LDL/HDL
Choline
Glucose
Insulin
IGF-1
Foxcroft, 1990. Proc. 11th Western Nutrition Conf., pp 1-8

34. Steve Terlouw, 2018
断奶到首次配种间隔对分娩率和产子数的影响

36. Define Inflammation
Gut Leakage
Conclusions
Lameness
SCC/mastitis
Gut Leakage

38. Conclusions
 Inflammation is major modifier of production and
metabolism
 Reducing inflammatory issues in the swine herd
improves productivity
 Decreasing inflammatory
issues improves longevity
in the herd