This document summarizes several studies relating to gastrointestinal health, skin and coat health, and osteoarthritis in pets. Regarding the gastrointestinal tract, recent research is unraveling the role of the microbiome and how probiotic supplementation can impact immunity and disease. Studies showed probiotics helped treat inflammatory bowel disease in dogs. Regarding skin and coat, certain proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals are necessary to maintain a healthy coat, and supplementation may provide these. A review found some evidence that nutraceutical supplements can improve osteoarthritis symptoms in dogs, but evidence was not conclusive.
- The MAD rat strain was developed to be susceptible to multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the susceptibility of MAD rats to adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis.
- MAD rats were found to be highly sensitive to developing inflammatory arthritis after AIA induction. Symptoms progressed from small to large joints similarly to human rheumatoid arthritis.
- A novel finding was the appearance of skin nodules coinciding with arthritis, resembling early rheumatoid nodules in humans. Treatment with dexamethasone inhibited arthritis while methotrexate partially inhibited it.
Excretion of antibiotic resistance genes by dairy calves fed milk replacers w...Partha Ray
This study examined the effects of feeding dairy calves milk replacer with varying doses of antibiotics on the establishment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in their feces. Twenty-eight calves were assigned to receive milk replacer containing no antibiotics (control), subtherapeutic doses, or therapeutic doses of tetracycline and neomycin. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 6, 7, and 12 and analyzed for ARGs using quantitative PCR. Surprisingly, antibiotic treatment had little effect on ARG levels, except for slightly higher levels of one tetracycline resistance gene in the highest antibiotic dose group. Several ARGs increased over time in all calves. While antibiotics provided no health benefits, the intensive feeding program used may have overridden any effects
Increase your Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Gluten Spectrum DisordersCell Science Systems
Recently, researchers at Harvard University, Alessio Fasano et. al., and the National Institutes of Health (laboratories of immunology and cellular and molecular biology), reported real-time microscopic observations of gluten-induced neutrophil activation.
According to authors, " To what extent neutrophil function adds to, or protects against, gluten intolerance is currently under vigorous investigation."
This presentation will shed light on this question. It will also review the Fasano study and examine the role of neutrophil function in multiple disease conditions, as well as explore how neutrophil function may also play a dual role in protecting the body from the untoward effects of dietary and environmental agents.
Measuring the Human Brain-Gut Microbiome-Immune System Dynamics: a Big Data C...Larry Smarr
This document summarizes a talk given by Dr. Larry Smarr on measuring the human brain-gut microbiome-immune system dynamics and the challenges of analyzing big data related to these systems. It discusses how understanding the interactions between human genetics, behavior, and the human microbiome is important for understanding human health and disease. As an example, it details Dr. Smarr's own research into his Crohn's disease, analyzing his gut microbiome, immune markers, genetics, and symptoms over time. It shows how computational analysis of metagenomic sequencing data from many healthy and IBD patients can reveal differences in microbial ecology and gene families between health and disease states.
Anti inflammatory-and-anti-arthritic-efficacy-and-safety-of-purified-shilajit...AnnexPublishers
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of purified Shilajit in treating arthritis in dogs. 10 moderately arthritic dogs received either a placebo or Shilajit (500 mg twice daily) for 5 months. Dogs receiving Shilajit showed a significant reduction in pain levels compared to placebo, with maximum pain reduction by day 150. Physical parameters and serum markers remained unchanged, indicating Shilajit was well tolerated without side effects. The study concluded Shilajit significantly reduced pain in osteoarthritic dogs and improved their quality of life.
Shifting paradigms in vaccinology immune modulation and sex differences explo...WAidid
Even there are very limited immunological studies to date, Professor Flanagan explains the new paradigms in vaccinology exploring sex differences:
- Vaccines have non-targeted heterologous effects on innate and adaptive immunity
- These can alter susceptibility to non-vaccine targeted infectious diseases and can alter all cause mortality
- Females are more susceptible
Professor Flanagan concludes the slideset with the need to understand mechanisms in order to exploit beneficial and avoid harmful effects.
The document discusses recovering the immune system through exposure to dirt and microbes. It describes how a chronic cell danger response can lead to chronic disease when the response is not reversed. Exposure to diverse microbes, parasites, nature, exercise, fasting and nutrient-dense foods can help build resilience against stressors and recover from a chronic cell danger response through hormesis. Spending time in nature, being exposed to soil organisms, and incorporating herbal remedies can also support immune function and resilience.
- The MAD rat strain was developed to be susceptible to multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the susceptibility of MAD rats to adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis.
- MAD rats were found to be highly sensitive to developing inflammatory arthritis after AIA induction. Symptoms progressed from small to large joints similarly to human rheumatoid arthritis.
- A novel finding was the appearance of skin nodules coinciding with arthritis, resembling early rheumatoid nodules in humans. Treatment with dexamethasone inhibited arthritis while methotrexate partially inhibited it.
Excretion of antibiotic resistance genes by dairy calves fed milk replacers w...Partha Ray
This study examined the effects of feeding dairy calves milk replacer with varying doses of antibiotics on the establishment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in their feces. Twenty-eight calves were assigned to receive milk replacer containing no antibiotics (control), subtherapeutic doses, or therapeutic doses of tetracycline and neomycin. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 6, 7, and 12 and analyzed for ARGs using quantitative PCR. Surprisingly, antibiotic treatment had little effect on ARG levels, except for slightly higher levels of one tetracycline resistance gene in the highest antibiotic dose group. Several ARGs increased over time in all calves. While antibiotics provided no health benefits, the intensive feeding program used may have overridden any effects
Increase your Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Gluten Spectrum DisordersCell Science Systems
Recently, researchers at Harvard University, Alessio Fasano et. al., and the National Institutes of Health (laboratories of immunology and cellular and molecular biology), reported real-time microscopic observations of gluten-induced neutrophil activation.
According to authors, " To what extent neutrophil function adds to, or protects against, gluten intolerance is currently under vigorous investigation."
This presentation will shed light on this question. It will also review the Fasano study and examine the role of neutrophil function in multiple disease conditions, as well as explore how neutrophil function may also play a dual role in protecting the body from the untoward effects of dietary and environmental agents.
Measuring the Human Brain-Gut Microbiome-Immune System Dynamics: a Big Data C...Larry Smarr
This document summarizes a talk given by Dr. Larry Smarr on measuring the human brain-gut microbiome-immune system dynamics and the challenges of analyzing big data related to these systems. It discusses how understanding the interactions between human genetics, behavior, and the human microbiome is important for understanding human health and disease. As an example, it details Dr. Smarr's own research into his Crohn's disease, analyzing his gut microbiome, immune markers, genetics, and symptoms over time. It shows how computational analysis of metagenomic sequencing data from many healthy and IBD patients can reveal differences in microbial ecology and gene families between health and disease states.
Anti inflammatory-and-anti-arthritic-efficacy-and-safety-of-purified-shilajit...AnnexPublishers
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of purified Shilajit in treating arthritis in dogs. 10 moderately arthritic dogs received either a placebo or Shilajit (500 mg twice daily) for 5 months. Dogs receiving Shilajit showed a significant reduction in pain levels compared to placebo, with maximum pain reduction by day 150. Physical parameters and serum markers remained unchanged, indicating Shilajit was well tolerated without side effects. The study concluded Shilajit significantly reduced pain in osteoarthritic dogs and improved their quality of life.
Shifting paradigms in vaccinology immune modulation and sex differences explo...WAidid
Even there are very limited immunological studies to date, Professor Flanagan explains the new paradigms in vaccinology exploring sex differences:
- Vaccines have non-targeted heterologous effects on innate and adaptive immunity
- These can alter susceptibility to non-vaccine targeted infectious diseases and can alter all cause mortality
- Females are more susceptible
Professor Flanagan concludes the slideset with the need to understand mechanisms in order to exploit beneficial and avoid harmful effects.
The document discusses recovering the immune system through exposure to dirt and microbes. It describes how a chronic cell danger response can lead to chronic disease when the response is not reversed. Exposure to diverse microbes, parasites, nature, exercise, fasting and nutrient-dense foods can help build resilience against stressors and recover from a chronic cell danger response through hormesis. Spending time in nature, being exposed to soil organisms, and incorporating herbal remedies can also support immune function and resilience.
A pilot study on effects of vaccination on immunity of broiler chickensAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a pilot study that examined the effects of vaccination on the immunity of broiler chickens challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Twenty broiler chickens were divided into five groups, with four groups receiving different locally produced NDV vaccines and one unvaccinated control group. When challenged with NDV at five weeks old, the vaccinated groups showed no clinical signs of infection while the unvaccinated group had 100% mortality within 48 hours. This indicates that vaccination is important for preventing and controlling poultry diseases, as maternal immunity alone in young chicks is not sufficient to fight infections. Locally produced vaccines should be encouraged for small farmers to manage viral outbreaks.
This study investigated the effects of a combination of β(1-3) D-Glucan and Propionibacterium granulosum (Betamune®) on broiler chickens. 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups, with some groups treated with Betamune® and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) to induce immunosuppression. Productive performance, immune response, and histopathology were evaluated. Betamune® improved performance and modulated the immune response. CP negatively impacted performance and suppressed the immune system. Betamune® counteracted the immune dysfunction caused by CP, improving performance and modulating the immune response. The combination of β(1-3
Body temperature and haematological indices of boars exposed to direct solar ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of exposure to direct sunlight on body temperature and blood profiles of Large White and crossbred boars in Nigeria. Twenty-four boars were exposed to sunlight for either 0 (control), 45, or 60 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Body temperature and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Ambient temperature averaged 27.8°C indoors and 40.5°C outdoors. Body temperature increased with exposure duration for both genotypes. Several blood parameters also differed between exposed and control boars. The Large White boars were generally more affected by heat stress compared to the crossbred boars. Providing shade and shelters could help pigs cope with heat stress in tropical environments.
- Nut allergy is commonly caused by peanuts and tree nuts and can cause anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy prevalence is 0.5-2.5% in children in the UK and tree nut allergy prevalence is 0.2-2.2%.
- Diagnosis involves taking a history, skin prick tests, nut-specific IgE levels, and oral food challenges. Skin prick tests ≥3mm or nut-specific IgE levels ≥15kU/L suggest allergy.
- Cross-reactivity between peanuts and tree nuts is common, so testing for multiple nuts is often recommended for those allergic to one type of nut. Component resolved testing for Ara h 2
The document discusses several key points:
1) It questions the common belief that childhood exposure to measles provides immunity and that avoiding it threatens health.
2) It suggests that genetically modified foods and agricultural chemicals may promote disease more than genetics.
3) It warns that mandatory vaccinations could require Americans to accept poor and chronic health. Overall, the document casts doubt on mainstream views of health, immunity, and the role of vaccines and industrialized foods.
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions 7 c09Paul Thiessen
This document discusses the role of neutrophils and macrophages in mediating various physiological and pathological processes. It summarizes several scientific studies that found:
1) Neutrophils can be recruited by substances like gliadin and mediate local inflammatory responses in tissues like the intestine.
2) Neutrophils and macrophages produce reactive molecules that can damage cells and tissues, and their activation levels correlate with conditions like infertility and acute coronary syndrome.
3) Chronic activation of the innate immune system by these cells may underlie metabolic syndrome by stimulating inflammation and hormonal changes.
4) Oxidative stress can increase blood levels of modified lipids implicated in atherosclerosis, coinciding with increased neutrophil counts.
The study of how genes and gene products interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.
Evolutionary medicine helps explain many mysteries of the human body by considering how our bodies have evolved in response to environmental pressures. It provides insight into why we are vulnerable to diseases and medical issues. For example, it explains why early reproduction occurs even if it leads to lower birth weight offspring, as this represents an evolutionary trade-off. The document also discusses how the battle between mother and fetus for glucose and the hygiene hypothesis help explain medical issues. Overall, evolutionary medicine combined with modern medicine can help discover new treatment options and improve current ones.
This document provides biographical and professional information about Xingdong Yang. It includes his education, research experiences, publications, technical skills, patents, and grant writing experience. The key points are:
- Xingdong Yang received his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at Cleveland Clinic.
- His research focuses on developing adoptive immunotherapy for cancer using IL9-producing NK cells and stem cell-like NK cells.
- He has over 15 peer-reviewed publications related to his work studying viral pathogenesis and immune responses using neonatal gnotobiotic pig models.
- He has experience in vi
How Veterinary Medicine Affects Human HealthRandom Sandi
This document discusses how veterinary medicine has positively impacted human health in several ways:
1) Veterinary research has helped control diseases like yellow fever, influenza, malaria, salmonella, and tetanus.
2) Veterinarians play a key role in food safety by inspecting livestock for diseases and enforcing food regulations.
3) Advances in veterinary medicine like surgical techniques and drug testing have benefited human medicine.
Meloxicam prevents COX-2-mediated inflammation following laparotomy in mice but does not prevent pain. While meloxicam reduced post-surgical inflammation in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by a fluorescent COX-2 probe, it did not prevent pain-associated changes like weight loss, reduced activity, and increased Mouse Grimace Scale scores for at least 24 hours after surgery compared to saline-treated mice. This suggests that factors other than inflammation may contribute to post-surgical pain in mice, and meloxicam is not an effective analgesic for BALB/c mice following laparotomy despite preventing inflammation.
A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that
pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures.
Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to
dramatically alter how a child's immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease.
An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy
with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of varying light intensities on behavior and blood profiles in broiler chickens. Broilers were exposed to light intensities of 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 lux from weeks 2-6 after an initial light intensity of 20 lux in the first week. The study found that varying light intensities had non-significant effects on some behaviors but significantly affected other behaviors like drinking, standing, and aggression at certain weeks. Light intensity also significantly impacted cholesterol and T4 hormone levels but had non-significant effects on other blood parameters measured. No adverse effects like skin issues, lameness, or burns were observed in any treatment groups.
The document discusses the complex bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, known as the gut-brain axis. It outlines several key players in this communication: (1) the gut microbiome, which contains trillions of microbes that can influence brain development and mental health; (2) neuroactive substances like serotonin that are produced by microbes and can affect the brain; and (3) microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives that can modulate neuronal and immune function. The vagus nerve, gut hormones, and immune signals transmitted via the microbiome all help facilitate dialogue between the gut and brain. Disruptions to this gut-brain axis are implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Our Genes Are Not Our Destiny: How Data Drives Personalized PreventionDrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 brings the Lonely Voices of Autoimmune Disease to #GenomicsFest in SF, highlighting the significance of genetics, epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and big data for autoimmunity.
Large Memory High Performance ComputingEnables Comparison Across Human Gut M...Larry Smarr
This document summarizes a talk about research analyzing gut microbiome data from patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy subjects. The research used large memory high performance computing on the Gordon supercomputer to analyze over 1.2 trillion DNA bases of metagenomic sequencing data from the gut microbiomes. Analysis found major shifts in microbial ecology between healthy subjects and those with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Therapies for one subject's Crohn's disease reduced certain phyla but others remained at high levels. The research aims to develop noninvasive microbial diagnostics and new therapeutic tools for managing the microbiome.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
This document describes a case study of canine trypanosomosis (African sleeping sickness) with epistaxis (nosebleed) in a 2-year old Alsatian dog. The dog presented with fever, lethargy, pale gums, and epistaxis. A blood smear revealed numerous trypanosome parasites. Laboratory tests found moderate anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. The dog was treated with diminazene diaceturate to eliminate the trypanosomes and doxycycline as a secondary infection could not be ruled out. Adrenaline and vitamin K3 were also administered to stop the epistaxis. The clinical signs,
Hot Topics In Integrative Medicine Jill Schneiderhan.pptxssuser1fae2b
This document summarizes a presentation on hot topics in integrative medicine, including chronic pain management, the microbiome, menopausal symptoms, mindfulness, elimination diets, and acupuncture. It reviews evidence for approaches like physical activity, anti-inflammatory diets, probiotics, and supplements for chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Non-hormonal therapies for menopausal symptoms like CBT, yoga, and acupuncture are discussed. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and elimination diets are described as commonly used integrative therapies. The document concludes by listing resources for integrative medicine evidence.
From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...Norwich Research Park
1) The document discusses moving beyond traditional nutrition science to a systems approach to understand the complex interactions between diet, genes, microbiome, and health.
2) A healthy gut microbiome is essential for overall health, and nutrition plays a key role in shaping the microbiome.
3) While no single "superfood" exists, eating a variety of plants foods along with minimizing highly processed foods can help maintain a flexible system and optimal health.
Assignment #1 – This assignment should help you to organize your t.docxdavezstarr61655
Assignment #1 – This assignment should help you to organize your thoughts about your research. Take time to really think about the questions – this effort will make writing the actual paper much easier. Please complete this worksheet and submit on Bb. You need to submit only once per pair (make sure I know who you are working with!).
1. With your partner, develop a research question. Write your research question here:
*Please ensure that the question is not answered by the book’s author.
Question is. "How has the development in human society led to the increased frequency of obesity?"
2. Why do you have this question? Please write a paragraph or two explaining your interest in this question. Give specific information from the book that leads you to ask this question (include page numbers). Explain how this information relates to your question.
Obesity in the whole world has become a public health problem in that it has raised concern. About 700 million people aged 15 years and above in the entire world are obese. The prevalence rate of based on years past shows a rapid increase of obesity in developed countries mainly Pacific region. Various cancers, cardiovascular diseases-morbidities, type II diabetes are some of the factors which lead to morbidity and mortality; this is based on literature on body exhaustive.
A public health strategy is, therefore, to be developed based on prevention of obesity rate of increase. The development and also the process of policies on preventing obesity should target factors which tend to contribute to obesity. Moreover, it should target barriers to lifestyle changes which are personal and also environmental and levels socioeconomic.
There are etiologies which contribute to obesity in which this etiologies are multifactorial,some if these factors include sedentary lifestyle, adverse socio-economic conditions which are there in developed countries, high rate of energy dense food, rigid restraint, alcohol, large portion sizes and food ratio which are prepared outside home (mostly in developed countries) page 70 (International journal of environmental research and public health).
There is a proposed framework by sacks (2009) where a suggestion is made that there should be policy actions and implementation of health strategies to preventing obesity. These factors target environments, behaviors directly influencing people, physical activity settings, food environments and also the socioeconomic environments.
3. What do you need to learn as a biologist to understand your question in the context of human evolution?
Obesity, diabetes and also metabolic syndrome has become a worldwide health concern due to that they are growing rapidly, and their causes are not fully understood. Therefore a research into the obesity epidemic etiology is highly appreciated depending on the evolutionary roots of metabolic control. Thrifty gene hypothesis argues that obesity is an evolutionary roots of metabolic control .
A pilot study on effects of vaccination on immunity of broiler chickensAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a pilot study that examined the effects of vaccination on the immunity of broiler chickens challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Twenty broiler chickens were divided into five groups, with four groups receiving different locally produced NDV vaccines and one unvaccinated control group. When challenged with NDV at five weeks old, the vaccinated groups showed no clinical signs of infection while the unvaccinated group had 100% mortality within 48 hours. This indicates that vaccination is important for preventing and controlling poultry diseases, as maternal immunity alone in young chicks is not sufficient to fight infections. Locally produced vaccines should be encouraged for small farmers to manage viral outbreaks.
This study investigated the effects of a combination of β(1-3) D-Glucan and Propionibacterium granulosum (Betamune®) on broiler chickens. 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups, with some groups treated with Betamune® and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) to induce immunosuppression. Productive performance, immune response, and histopathology were evaluated. Betamune® improved performance and modulated the immune response. CP negatively impacted performance and suppressed the immune system. Betamune® counteracted the immune dysfunction caused by CP, improving performance and modulating the immune response. The combination of β(1-3
Body temperature and haematological indices of boars exposed to direct solar ...Alexander Decker
This study examined the effects of exposure to direct sunlight on body temperature and blood profiles of Large White and crossbred boars in Nigeria. Twenty-four boars were exposed to sunlight for either 0 (control), 45, or 60 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Body temperature and blood samples were collected and analyzed. Ambient temperature averaged 27.8°C indoors and 40.5°C outdoors. Body temperature increased with exposure duration for both genotypes. Several blood parameters also differed between exposed and control boars. The Large White boars were generally more affected by heat stress compared to the crossbred boars. Providing shade and shelters could help pigs cope with heat stress in tropical environments.
- Nut allergy is commonly caused by peanuts and tree nuts and can cause anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy prevalence is 0.5-2.5% in children in the UK and tree nut allergy prevalence is 0.2-2.2%.
- Diagnosis involves taking a history, skin prick tests, nut-specific IgE levels, and oral food challenges. Skin prick tests ≥3mm or nut-specific IgE levels ≥15kU/L suggest allergy.
- Cross-reactivity between peanuts and tree nuts is common, so testing for multiple nuts is often recommended for those allergic to one type of nut. Component resolved testing for Ara h 2
The document discusses several key points:
1) It questions the common belief that childhood exposure to measles provides immunity and that avoiding it threatens health.
2) It suggests that genetically modified foods and agricultural chemicals may promote disease more than genetics.
3) It warns that mandatory vaccinations could require Americans to accept poor and chronic health. Overall, the document casts doubt on mainstream views of health, immunity, and the role of vaccines and industrialized foods.
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions 7 c09Paul Thiessen
This document discusses the role of neutrophils and macrophages in mediating various physiological and pathological processes. It summarizes several scientific studies that found:
1) Neutrophils can be recruited by substances like gliadin and mediate local inflammatory responses in tissues like the intestine.
2) Neutrophils and macrophages produce reactive molecules that can damage cells and tissues, and their activation levels correlate with conditions like infertility and acute coronary syndrome.
3) Chronic activation of the innate immune system by these cells may underlie metabolic syndrome by stimulating inflammation and hormonal changes.
4) Oxidative stress can increase blood levels of modified lipids implicated in atherosclerosis, coinciding with increased neutrophil counts.
The study of how genes and gene products interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.
Evolutionary medicine helps explain many mysteries of the human body by considering how our bodies have evolved in response to environmental pressures. It provides insight into why we are vulnerable to diseases and medical issues. For example, it explains why early reproduction occurs even if it leads to lower birth weight offspring, as this represents an evolutionary trade-off. The document also discusses how the battle between mother and fetus for glucose and the hygiene hypothesis help explain medical issues. Overall, evolutionary medicine combined with modern medicine can help discover new treatment options and improve current ones.
This document provides biographical and professional information about Xingdong Yang. It includes his education, research experiences, publications, technical skills, patents, and grant writing experience. The key points are:
- Xingdong Yang received his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at Cleveland Clinic.
- His research focuses on developing adoptive immunotherapy for cancer using IL9-producing NK cells and stem cell-like NK cells.
- He has over 15 peer-reviewed publications related to his work studying viral pathogenesis and immune responses using neonatal gnotobiotic pig models.
- He has experience in vi
How Veterinary Medicine Affects Human HealthRandom Sandi
This document discusses how veterinary medicine has positively impacted human health in several ways:
1) Veterinary research has helped control diseases like yellow fever, influenza, malaria, salmonella, and tetanus.
2) Veterinarians play a key role in food safety by inspecting livestock for diseases and enforcing food regulations.
3) Advances in veterinary medicine like surgical techniques and drug testing have benefited human medicine.
Meloxicam prevents COX-2-mediated inflammation following laparotomy in mice but does not prevent pain. While meloxicam reduced post-surgical inflammation in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by a fluorescent COX-2 probe, it did not prevent pain-associated changes like weight loss, reduced activity, and increased Mouse Grimace Scale scores for at least 24 hours after surgery compared to saline-treated mice. This suggests that factors other than inflammation may contribute to post-surgical pain in mice, and meloxicam is not an effective analgesic for BALB/c mice following laparotomy despite preventing inflammation.
A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that
pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures.
Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to
dramatically alter how a child's immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease.
An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy
with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of varying light intensities on behavior and blood profiles in broiler chickens. Broilers were exposed to light intensities of 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 lux from weeks 2-6 after an initial light intensity of 20 lux in the first week. The study found that varying light intensities had non-significant effects on some behaviors but significantly affected other behaviors like drinking, standing, and aggression at certain weeks. Light intensity also significantly impacted cholesterol and T4 hormone levels but had non-significant effects on other blood parameters measured. No adverse effects like skin issues, lameness, or burns were observed in any treatment groups.
The document discusses the complex bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, known as the gut-brain axis. It outlines several key players in this communication: (1) the gut microbiome, which contains trillions of microbes that can influence brain development and mental health; (2) neuroactive substances like serotonin that are produced by microbes and can affect the brain; and (3) microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives that can modulate neuronal and immune function. The vagus nerve, gut hormones, and immune signals transmitted via the microbiome all help facilitate dialogue between the gut and brain. Disruptions to this gut-brain axis are implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Our Genes Are Not Our Destiny: How Data Drives Personalized PreventionDrBonnie360
Content and Visual Design by Tiffany Simms
DrBonnie360 brings the Lonely Voices of Autoimmune Disease to #GenomicsFest in SF, highlighting the significance of genetics, epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and big data for autoimmunity.
Large Memory High Performance ComputingEnables Comparison Across Human Gut M...Larry Smarr
This document summarizes a talk about research analyzing gut microbiome data from patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy subjects. The research used large memory high performance computing on the Gordon supercomputer to analyze over 1.2 trillion DNA bases of metagenomic sequencing data from the gut microbiomes. Analysis found major shifts in microbial ecology between healthy subjects and those with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Therapies for one subject's Crohn's disease reduced certain phyla but others remained at high levels. The research aims to develop noninvasive microbial diagnostics and new therapeutic tools for managing the microbiome.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
This document describes a case study of canine trypanosomosis (African sleeping sickness) with epistaxis (nosebleed) in a 2-year old Alsatian dog. The dog presented with fever, lethargy, pale gums, and epistaxis. A blood smear revealed numerous trypanosome parasites. Laboratory tests found moderate anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. The dog was treated with diminazene diaceturate to eliminate the trypanosomes and doxycycline as a secondary infection could not be ruled out. Adrenaline and vitamin K3 were also administered to stop the epistaxis. The clinical signs,
Hot Topics In Integrative Medicine Jill Schneiderhan.pptxssuser1fae2b
This document summarizes a presentation on hot topics in integrative medicine, including chronic pain management, the microbiome, menopausal symptoms, mindfulness, elimination diets, and acupuncture. It reviews evidence for approaches like physical activity, anti-inflammatory diets, probiotics, and supplements for chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Non-hormonal therapies for menopausal symptoms like CBT, yoga, and acupuncture are discussed. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and elimination diets are described as commonly used integrative therapies. The document concludes by listing resources for integrative medicine evidence.
From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...Norwich Research Park
1) The document discusses moving beyond traditional nutrition science to a systems approach to understand the complex interactions between diet, genes, microbiome, and health.
2) A healthy gut microbiome is essential for overall health, and nutrition plays a key role in shaping the microbiome.
3) While no single "superfood" exists, eating a variety of plants foods along with minimizing highly processed foods can help maintain a flexible system and optimal health.
Assignment #1 – This assignment should help you to organize your t.docxdavezstarr61655
Assignment #1 – This assignment should help you to organize your thoughts about your research. Take time to really think about the questions – this effort will make writing the actual paper much easier. Please complete this worksheet and submit on Bb. You need to submit only once per pair (make sure I know who you are working with!).
1. With your partner, develop a research question. Write your research question here:
*Please ensure that the question is not answered by the book’s author.
Question is. "How has the development in human society led to the increased frequency of obesity?"
2. Why do you have this question? Please write a paragraph or two explaining your interest in this question. Give specific information from the book that leads you to ask this question (include page numbers). Explain how this information relates to your question.
Obesity in the whole world has become a public health problem in that it has raised concern. About 700 million people aged 15 years and above in the entire world are obese. The prevalence rate of based on years past shows a rapid increase of obesity in developed countries mainly Pacific region. Various cancers, cardiovascular diseases-morbidities, type II diabetes are some of the factors which lead to morbidity and mortality; this is based on literature on body exhaustive.
A public health strategy is, therefore, to be developed based on prevention of obesity rate of increase. The development and also the process of policies on preventing obesity should target factors which tend to contribute to obesity. Moreover, it should target barriers to lifestyle changes which are personal and also environmental and levels socioeconomic.
There are etiologies which contribute to obesity in which this etiologies are multifactorial,some if these factors include sedentary lifestyle, adverse socio-economic conditions which are there in developed countries, high rate of energy dense food, rigid restraint, alcohol, large portion sizes and food ratio which are prepared outside home (mostly in developed countries) page 70 (International journal of environmental research and public health).
There is a proposed framework by sacks (2009) where a suggestion is made that there should be policy actions and implementation of health strategies to preventing obesity. These factors target environments, behaviors directly influencing people, physical activity settings, food environments and also the socioeconomic environments.
3. What do you need to learn as a biologist to understand your question in the context of human evolution?
Obesity, diabetes and also metabolic syndrome has become a worldwide health concern due to that they are growing rapidly, and their causes are not fully understood. Therefore a research into the obesity epidemic etiology is highly appreciated depending on the evolutionary roots of metabolic control. Thrifty gene hypothesis argues that obesity is an evolutionary roots of metabolic control .
1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
John Doe
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
Updated December 2019
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
s den s pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo ...
1
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
John Doe
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
November 16, 2050*
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a stu-
dent. Used by permission.
Updated December 2019
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the introduction, you
should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may also state the positive ethical
effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activists and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a the-
sis statement
that includes the
s den s pro-
posed solu-
tion(s) to the
societal prob-
lem. She also
has included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo ...
Probiotic symposium chennai 3 dec 2016neerjayakult
This document discusses the role of gut microbiota and probiotics in human health and disease. It notes that gut microbiota plays major roles in human metabolism, including synthesizing vitamins and amino acids, degrading indigestible foods, and producing short-chain fatty acids through fermentation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in obesity, metabolic disorders, and gastrointestinal diseases. The predominant gut bacteria in different disease conditions are discussed, including Akkermansia muciniphila and various Bacteroides and Clostridium species in type 2 diabetes. Maintaining a healthy microbiota is important for overall human wellness.
The document discusses the gut-brain axis and how traumatic brain injury (TBI) can disrupt it. Specifically:
1) The gut-brain axis involves bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the brain.
2) TBI can cause changes in the gut microbiome and increased intestinal permeability. This dysbiosis may worsen secondary brain injury through inflammation.
3) Potential interventions include restoring the normal gut flora through fecal microbiota transplant and providing proper nutrition to reduce inflammation after TBI. Further research is needed to better understand how TBI impacts the microbiome and gut-brain axis.
What is gut microbiota? What is the influence of diet on the proper functioning of our gut microbiota? How does the gut-brain axis (GBA) influence the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain? Tune into this webinar to find out more about this timely topic.
Learning Objectives:
List the neurological and physiological connections that enable the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain
Identify lifestyle, dietary, and microbial influences on the flow and function of signaling molecules along the gut-microbiota-brain axis
Implement dietary regimens that target the gut and gastrointestinal microbiota to improve or maintain optimal physical and mental health
RDNs earn 1.0 CEU
1 This sample paper was adapted by the WriVannaJoy20
1
*This sample paper was adapted by the Writing Center from an original paper by a
student. Used by permission.
Updated March 2021
2
The introduction should introduce your topic and share the societal problem that you see. At the end of the
introduction, you should state your thesis, which should include your proposed solution to the problem. You may
also state the positive ethical effects of your proposed solution.
To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
The subject of animal testing raises questions of necessity. Animal testing is
something that has been done for many years for several different reasons. It has been
used since the dawn of medicine by physicians and scientists. From biomedical research
to testing cosmetics, people claim that animal testing is necessary to benefit people in sa-
tiating their need for certain products as well as saving lives. There is an idea that animals
are the best way to find treatments and cures for people, but the treatment of animals is of
concern for some members of society. Society is feeling more and more that animals
have as much right to live freely in this world as humans do, and our obligation to see to
this makes animal testing a societal problem. Due to these concerns and others, there
have been several laws and acts formed to protect animals and minimize their suffering.
And with the advances of technology and other discoveries, the question of the necessity
of animal testing is becoming an issue for animal activist s and lovers everywhere. { The
future of medicine and biomedical research should not rely on animals for testing. In-
stead, we should use alternative testing methods and work toward making different life-
style choices. These solutions create the ethical outcome of ending the suffering of these
animals, which will have a positive influence on society and culture}.
Here, the
student is
introducing the
topic of animal
testing to the
reader.
The introduction
includes a very
brief discussion
of why this is a
societal problem.
The introduction
ends with a
thesis statement
that includes the
student’s
proposed
solution(s) to
the societal
problem. She
also has
included the
positive ethical
outcome of the
solution(s).
Use section headers for
each of the major
sections of your paper.
Problem
This first body section of your paper
should provide some background
information on your topic and discuss why
this is a societal problem.
Background Animal testing has been deemed necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has
been done to determine the safety of household cleaning products, cosmetics including
3
Reason #1
animal
skin care, shampoo and makeup, as well as biomedical research that provides medicine
and treatments for humans and pets alike. The BioIndustry Association (2002) argues that
“Animal research ha ...
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2012). Congress AbstractsEmily Wallinder
The document summarizes several clinical/research abstracts that were accepted for presentation at the inaugural poster session of the International Society of Feline Medicine Congress in 2012. Specifically, it provides brief summaries of 3 abstracts:
1) A case report of a cat with feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibrolasia associated with zygomycete fungi.
2) A study finding that the renal toxin binder AST-120 was well tolerated and accepted by cats when mixed with food, even at high doses.
3) A clinical trial finding that probiotic therapy reduced relapse risk in cats treated with ronidazole for Tritrichomonas foetus-associated diarrhea.
The document summarizes the evaluation of anti-obesity drugs. It discusses various in vitro and in vivo preclinical models used to evaluate potential anti-obesity compounds, including receptor binding assays, determination of hormone levels, food intake studies in rodents, and diet-induced and genetic obesity models. It also outlines the advantages and limitations of different acute and chronic in vivo models for assessing drug effects on obesity.
Gen 499 research relating the critical thinker/tutorialoutletStormzs
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
tutorialoutletdotcom
Running head: ANIMAL TESTING 1 To Test or Not to Test: Ethics in Animal Testing
Student Name
GEN 499 General Education Capstone
Professor Millie Jones
This study examined the effects of lifelong weight cycling on lifespan in male mice. Mice were placed on either a low-fat diet, high-fat diet, or cycled diet that alternated between low-fat and high-fat every 4 weeks, causing weight fluctuations. The weight cycled mice experienced large fluctuations in body weight and fat mass over time. Surprisingly, the lifespan of weight cycled mice was not significantly different than mice on a low-fat diet, despite cycling between overweight and normal weight periods. In contrast, mice that remained on a high-fat diet had a significantly shorter lifespan than the other groups. This is the first controlled animal study to demonstrate that weight cycling itself did not decrease lifespan
Group-4 Antibiotics uses in Livestock and Poultry Health issues.pptxssuser7ed574
The document discusses the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry. It notes that antibiotics are used to treat sick animals and promote growth, but overuse can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document outlines both the benefits of antibiotics, such as increased efficiency and disease prevention, and the harms, including developing resistance and environmental health risks. It concludes that antibiotics can increase farm productivity when used appropriately and in the right amounts, but regulations are needed to minimize resistance risks.
the new emerging field of science that is nutrigenomics can deal with the issues of health and improve out health with the simple tools by understanding the risk and the baic genome of a person
Dr. Rick Sibbel - Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective of the Impacts of the R...John Blue
This document provides a summary of an antibiotic conference held in 2012. It discusses the issue of rising antibiotic resistance due to overuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and animal agriculture. While antibiotics have been very effective in treating infections, their overuse is compromising their effectiveness through the development of resistance. It notes the lack of oversight and monitoring of antibiotic use in animals compared to humans. The conference highlighted the need for more responsible use of antibiotics and development of alternatives to treat animal diseases. It also stresses the importance of continuing antibiotic research and development to address disease challenges, while balancing various stakeholder interests through prudent regulation and innovation.
Anti inflammatory-and-anti-arthritic-efficacy-and-safety-of-purified-shilajit...AnnexPublishers
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of purified Shilajit in treating arthritis pain in dogs over 5 months, finding that dogs receiving Shilajit had significantly reduced pain levels based on three measures (limb manipulation, overall pain, and pain after exercise) without side effects, while dogs receiving a placebo showed no improvement, demonstrating Shilajit's potential as a safe alternative treatment for canine arthritis.
This document discusses host modulation as a promising direction in periodontal therapy. It reviews various pharmacological agents that can be used as host modulators to inhibit the destructive inflammatory response and promote resolution of inflammation in periodontitis. These include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cytokines inhibitors such as IL-1 receptor antagonists, bone sparing bisphosphonates, pro-resolving lipid mediators like lipoxins and resolvins, and MMP inhibitors like sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline. Host modulation aims to reduce tissue destruction by modulating the host response in addition to conventional antibacterial therapy.
This document lists 100 scientific reasons to not eat meat. Key points include: meat contains compounds like Neu5Gc that are linked to cancer and heart disease; animal products are high in compounds like AGEs and arachidonic acid that promote inflammation, aging, and brain/mental health issues; bacteria and endotoxins present in meat can cause systemic inflammation and increase cancer and disease risk; and numerous studies have linked meat consumption to increased mortality, cancer, allergies and other diseases.
This document discusses natural remedies for common health issues like stomach complaints and high blood pressure. It also covers herbal medicines such as echinacea, Chinese herbal medicine, and their interactions with drugs and nutrients. The document appears to be from a journal on complementary and alternative medicine from May/June 2003 that provides information for healthcare professionals.
This document discusses building an entrepreneurial culture in a pharmacy business. It profiles Justin Bernhaut and his case study of Jack N' Jill Kids Pharmacy, highlighting how they fostered an entrepreneurial approach. It also discusses Alex Bongers and Adam Ferrier's insights on cultivating an entrepreneurial culture.
This document provides an overview of the June 2015 edition of the Pharmacy Business Insight publication. It includes articles on adopting an entrepreneurial approach in pharmacy businesses from perspectives such as building an entrepreneurial culture, the psychology of success, and lessons from a founder of a children's oral hygiene product company. The publication discusses growing therapeutic categories in pharmacy dispensary, contributing experts, and strategies for pharmacists to engage customers and better meet their health needs through entrepreneurial actions like talking to neighboring businesses and observing customers.
This editorial introduces the Spring/Summer issue of the Healthy & Heartwise magazine. It discusses interviews in the issue with Ita Buttrose about macular degeneration and Susie Burrell about changing views on nutrition. The issue also explores 'clean' eating trends and uses of the paleo diet for weight control. It highlights several recipes that have been analyzed for their nutritional value, including potassium. The issue concludes with seasonal recipes from various celebrity chefs.
This document provides information about a magazine called "Healthy & Heartwise" including its sections, readership, advertising rates, and submission deadlines. It discusses the "Dealing with Diabetes" section which provides tips and stories about managing diabetes through diet, exercise, medication and lifestyle changes. Advertisers are responsible for ensuring their ads comply with relevant laws and the publisher reserves the right to reject ads that do not meet standards.
Blood glucose monitoring is a valuable tool for diabetes self-management that allows patients to check their blood glucose levels as often as recommended. Large clinical studies have shown the benefits of intensive glucose monitoring and therapy, with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) being an important component, especially for insulin users. However, lancing pain is a major barrier to regular SMBG compliance and monitoring, which can lead to poorer health outcomes like hospitalization. Pharmacists can help by demonstrating correct lancing technique to minimize discomfort and ensure proper use of lancing devices.
The document discusses mental illness and depression globally and in Australia. It states that mental illness accounts for 12% of the global disease burden, with depression being the most common mental illness. In Australia, 13% of the disease burden is from mental illness, with depression affecting about 20% of people. While depression has traditionally been underreported and stigmatized, awareness campaigns and research are changing social attitudes toward depression. The document suggests pharmacists can play a key role in managing depression through dispensing and monitoring medications, as well as identifying undiagnosed cases through compliance support and screening.
The document discusses proposals to expand Australia's national registration and accreditation scheme to include more complementary medicine practitioners. This would help regulate practitioners and set minimum standards for their training. It notes debates around how best to regulate complementary medicine practitioners to address risks while supporting integrated healthcare. The document also discusses how a court case found the Therapeutic Goods Administration liable for its mass recall of a company's products, undermining the regulator's credibility. This highlights needs for cultural change at the regulator to improve transparency and implementation of recommendations.
1. C L I N I C A L E D U C A T I O N F O R N A T U R A L P E T H E A L T H
Interview with
Dr Kersti Seksel
Nutraceuticals
for osteoarthritis
Nutrition for skin,
hair and claw
News, education
and events
Autumn 2015 Vol 4
The entrails of animals are
again revealing secrets
GUTS
THE RIGHT
3. 4 | Autumn 2015 Vol 4 Clinical Education for Natural Pet Health 5
SUMMARY
DNA sequencing of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in humans and
animals has revealed its importance in the gut–brain axis and health.
research suggests a role in cardiovascular, autoimmune, GI disease
and obesity.
to change the canine microbiome and have clinically beneficial but
species-specific effects for GI disorders.
Lactobacillus spp. and
Bifidobacterium spp., can be synergistic compared to supplementation
with single strains.
G
astroenterology has never been the sexiest of veterinary
specialties but insights from human and animal lab, genomic
and clinical research has made the feculent one of the
most fascinating and fecund areas for reappraising biology, health,
therapeutic intervention and even subjectivity anew.
It is described as a ‘world within’ but the complex ecosystem being
discovered in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is on a par with
cosmic descriptors in terms of estimated numbers of entities and their
interrelationships, and what is yet to be discovered.
Over the past five years a steady stream of veterinary scientific
literature has been published on the canine and feline GIT and its acute
interactions with – if not pivotal role in and interdependence on – the
immune system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis [see
Pure Animal Summer 2014;Vol 1:6].
This research has extended the knowledge of the GIT as a purely
absorptive, digestive and excretory canal to a dynamic frontier housing
most of the immune system that communicates intimately with the
endocrine and central nervous systems – the ‘second brain’.
We’re more microbial than human
The GIT is arguably more alive than any other organ in the body –
at least 1010
cells of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses coexist
dynamically in a protective mucosal barrier lining the stomach, small
intestine and colon [see diagram] – about 10 times more cells than
that of the host.1
Only in the last decade has molecular-based DNA sequencing
techniques, used in the human microbiome projects, begun to chart
the microbial ecology of the GIT, ENT, skin and other body regions.
The application of these techniques to describe the phylogenetic
structure and functional capacity of the canine GI microbiome was
first published in 2008.2
“The culture-based method identified only about 20 or so bacterial
species but there has been an explosion of microbes discovered
with DNA sequencing,” says veterinary gastroenterologist Associate
Professor Caroline Mansfield of the Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural
Sciences at the University of Melbourne.
“The GIT mainly hosts the phyla Bacteroides and Firmicutes and viruses
and phages actually outnumber bacteria 10 to one – the role of the GIT
microbiota as a whole in veterinary medicine is unclear currently but
in humans there may be potential in modifying the clinical course of
cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, IBS and obesity.”
T
he modulation of human GI microbes by bacteria was
established in the early 20th century by Nobel Laureate Ilya
Metchnikoff, fellow Pasteur Institute scientist Henry Tissier
and German physician Alfred Nissle.3
The term ‘probiotics’ was not coined until 1965 by Lilly and Stillwell – in
contrast to antibiotics, probiotics were defined as microbially derived
factors that stimulate the growth of other organisms.3
The FAO/
WHO later refined this definition to “live microorganisms, which, when
administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”.4
Associate Professor Mansfield points out that it is not always
necessary for bacteria to be live. “Soluble and fermentation products
may also be shed and mediate functions, and thinking in terms of
‘good’ and ‘bad’ bacteria is too simplistic – it’s a dynamic balance
with other microbes,” she says.
Recent human research has shown that enhancing the beneficial
components of the GI microbiota using probiotics represents a
realistic therapeutic strategy in maintaining health and treating
various GI disorders in humans, however companion animals have
received less attention.5
A 2008 review of gene sequences demonstrates that the canine
microbiota is closely related to, but distinct from, the microbiota
of other mammals such as humans.6
Although some argue that a
successful canine probiotic strain would ideally be derived from the
canine GIT7
, it has never been formally demonstrated that probiotic
effects are species specific.5
“The research needs to further evaluate clinical utility of probiotics
with dietary and other therapies in GI diseases in dogs and cats,
looking not just at which bacteria work – but how,” says Associate
Professor Mansfield.
“The evidence to date, however, suggests that probiotics are
probably helpful for chronic diarrhoea in cats, acute but non-critical
gastroenteritis in dogs, and animal shelter outbreaks of acute
diarrhoea that isn’t parvoviral or parasitic. And possibly helpful as
adjuncts in IBD or preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.”
In the wake of probiotics, prebiotics – nonstarch carbohydrate-based
‘food’ such as inulin or oligofructose that nurture beneficial GIT
microbes over harmful ones – have been developed, researched and
are now a growing category in human and animal fortified ‘functional’
food products. Synbiotics, which pair a synergistic pre- and probiotic
in the one product, have also enjoyed a recent surge of research
activity in companion animals and livestock, much of it driven by the
petfood and agricultural industries [see Fact Sheet February 2015].
Villi, tight junctions and mucus
Like the alveoli reticulating within the lungs, the
surface area of the GIT is vastly extended by finger-
like projections of villi lining the intestines, covered in a
protective layer of mucus in which billions of commensal
microorganisms thrive and compete for nutrients.
Each villus houses capillaries that in the small intestine
absorb nutrients, and in the large intestine absorb water,
and innumerable villi bristle from a contiguous single
layer of epithelial cells linked by tight junctions.
“Epithelial cells continually sense the microbiota in the
GIT, and produce IgA and antimicrobial peptides. Thus
there is a constant ‘battle in our guts’ where bacteria
populations self-regulate through competition, symbiotic
amensalism, parasitism and predation,” Associate
Professor Mansfield told Pure Animal.
The entrails of animals are again revealing secrets – this time
of the vast microbiota with its teeming probiotic bacteria
that modulate the immuno-endocrine systems, inflammatory
diseases and even behaviour.
The right guts
Medicine’s new frontier: biomes and biotics
REFERENCES: 1. Hooda S, et al. Animal Health Res Rev 2012;13(1):78–88. 2. Suchodolski JS, et
al. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66: 567–578. 3. Guarner F, et al. WGO Global Guidelines: Probiotics
and prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organisation, 2008. 4. Binns N. Probiotics, Prebiotics and
the Gut Microbiota. International Life Sciences Institute. Belgium: ISLI Europe, 2013. 5. O’Mahony
D, et al. Vet Microbiol 2009;139(1–2):106–12. 6. Ley RE, et al. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008;6:776–88.
7. McCoy S, et al. J Food Sci 2007;72:M94–M97. 8. Sauter SN, et al. Domes Anim Endocrinol
2005;9:605–22. 9. Baillon MLA, et al. Am J Vet Res 2004;65:338–43. 10. Pasupathy K, et al. Arch
Tierernahr 2001;55(3):243–53. 11. Beasley SS, et al. J Appl Microbiol 2006;101(1):131–8. 12.
Benyacoub J, et al. J Nutr 2003;133:1158–62. 13. Bybee SN, et al. JVIM 2011; 25: 856-860. 14.
Rossi G, et al. PLOSOne 2014;9:e94699.
COVER STORYCOVER STORY
Commonly used vet probiotics
Probiotic ‘cocktails’ have been shown to be more efficacious than single strains
in some situations where it may be beneficial to combine three or more.8
PROBIOTIC USES, EFFECTS
Lactobacillus acidophilus immune response in healthy dogs9
, growth
allergy symptoms in puppies10
L. plantarum,
L. rhamnosus
Highly concentrated in healthy canine microbiota,
competitively inhibits pathogens11
Bifidobacterium bifidum Several species in GIT, pathogen translocation5
Enterococcus faecium immune function in young dogs12
diarrhoea duration in cats13
L. delbrueckii ssp
bulgaricus,
Streptococcus
thermophilus
Synergistic combination used to make yoghurt
lactose intolerance in humans
included with other Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium sp. in
VSL#3, which equalled prednisolone/metronidazole scores on
histology and restored tight junctions in dogs with IBD14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 Oesophagus
2 Liver
3 Stomach
Helicobacter,
Lactobacillus spp
4 Duodenum
Eubacterium,
Bacteroides,
Clostridium
Fusobacterium,
Bifidobacterium,
Lactobacillus spp.
5 Small intestine
Bacteroides,
Eubacterium,
Fusobacterium,
Clostridium spp,
Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Campylobacter jejuni,
Salmonella,
Helicobacter spp,
Lactobacillus,
Bifidobacterium,
Streptococcus,
Staphylococcus,
Pasteurella,
Escherichia coli,
Enterobacter
6 Large intestine
109
–1010
CFU/g of
Bacteroides,
Bifidobacterium,
Fusobacterium,
Peptostreptococcus,
Eubacterium,
Clostridium spp,
Peptococcus,
Lactobacillus
7 Rectum
I will deep etch this more
acurrately once the hi res
version is purchased
CROSS-SECTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL BARRIER
CANINE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
4. 6 | Autumn 2015 Vol 4 Clinical Education for Natural Pet Health 7
ANALYSIS & OPINION
A
lthough not common in veterinary medicine, systematic
reviews have become an established part of evidence-based
medicine in human biosciences.1
Comprehensive,
scrupulously conducted and reported transparently, they have been
heralded as an efficient means for time-poor practitioners to peruse
distilled, quality scientific information.2
Researchers from Belgium, UK and Canada conducted this systematic
review1
about the usefulness of nutraceuticals for improving clinical
signs of pain or abnormal locomotion in horses, cats and dogs with
osteoarthritis (OA), and found 22 controlled studies that met their criteria.
Marine-based supplements buoyed
The highest all-round strength of evidence of efficacy was demonstrated
by diets supplemented with omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA), as demonstrated in four high-quality randomised controlled
trials.3–6
The PUFA may lower arachidonic acid concentrations and alter
the production of eicosanoids to less inflammatory forms.7
They may
also reduce the expression of cartilage degrading enzymes, COX-2 and
pro-inflammatory cytokines.8
Green lipped-mussel powder (GLM; see PAW Fact Sheet June 2013)
had a significant effect in three of four canine studies9–12
and because
of this inconsistency, the researchers could not conclude a strong
indication for its use. However, the null effect may have been because
the dose was too low (10 mg GLM/day/kg) compared to the other
studies of at least double this level. It should also be noted that since
the systematic review, a fifth controlled study has been published that
again found GLM to be effective for canine OA.13
Moreover, a high-quality study in cats showed a beneficial effect of a diet
supplemented with GLM with omega–3 fatty acids and glucosamine.14
Synergy from glycosaminoglycans
Two compounds containing the substrates for cartilage tissue and synovial
fluid, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) glucosamine and chondroitin
sulphate [see Fact Sheet July 2013], had contradictory results in dogs.15,16
In one of three studies performed in horses17
and the only one conducted
in cats14
, the nutraceuticals were part of a formula with other ingredients
that might have contributed to the clinical effect.
However, there is evidence that GAGs may retard the degenerative
process synergistically18
, provide prophylaxis against synovitis19
and
modulate the metabolism of articular cartilage.20
Moreover, synergistic
effects of different nutraceuticals is regarded lately as a step forward in
the management of OA21
, and a 2014 prospective randomised controlled
trial of 105 Labradors by the Spanish Guide Dog Foundation’s Veterinary
Service used glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate with hyaluronic acid,
collagen and gamma-oryzanol (antioxidant from rice bran oil).22
A third of the dogs in the control group developed radiographic
evidence of elbow dysplasia compared to 18.5% in the orally
supplemented group. Symptoms of dysplasia at 12 months differed
between the treated (12.5%) and control (61.5%) animals, and were
significantly different at 20 months.
Differences in lameness along with movement and swelling of the
elbows between groups were observed after 12 months – the treated
group had improved significantly by the last assessment and no adverse
side effects were reported.22
References: 1. Vandeweerd J-M, et al. Systematic Review of efficacy of nutraceuticals to alleviate
clinical signs of osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 2. Marr CM, et al. Equine Vet J 2006;38:110–2.
3. Fritsch D, et al. J Vet Intern Med 2010;24:1020–6. 4. Fritsch DA, et al. J Am Vet Med Assoc
2010;236:535–9. 5. Roush JK, et al. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;236:59–66. 6. Roush JK, et al.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;236:67–73. 7. Calder PC, Zurier RB. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care
2001;4:115–21. 8. Curtis CL, et al. J Biol Chem 2000;275:721–4. 9. Pollard B, et al. N Z Vet J
2006;54:114–8. 10. Bierer TL, Bui LM. J Nutr 2002;132:1634S–1636S. 11. Bui LM, Bierer TL. Vet
Ther 2001;4:397–407. 12. Dobenecker B, et al. J Nutr 2002;132:1690S–1691S. 13. Rialland P, et
al. Can J Vet Res 2013;77(1):66–74. 14. Lascelles BDX, et al. J Vet Intern Med 2010;24:487–95.
15. McCarthy G, et al. Vet J 2007;174:54–61. 16. Moreau M, et al. Vet Rec 2003;152:323–9. 17.
Keegan KG, et al. Am Assoc Equine Pract 2007;53:252–5. 18. Lippiello L, et al. Clin Orthop Relat
Res 2000;381:229–40. 19. Canapp SO, et al. Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1552–7. 20. Johnson KA, et
al. Osteoarth Cartil 2001;9:14–21. 21. Bottegoni C, et al. Carbohydr Polym 2014;109:126–38. 22.
Marti-Angulo S, et al. J Vet Sci 2014;15(4):569–74.
Quality research into complementary medicine is still nascent
in veterinary science but there is sufficient evidence on
osteoarthritis supplements to enable a systematic review by
international researchers.Steven Chong reports.
Joint ventures
with nutraceuticals
SUMMARY
nutraceuticals for improving clinical signs of pain or abnormal movement in
horses, cats and dogs found 22 controlled studies.
of efficacy.
and a further published since 2012.
but a subsequent study of guide dog Labradors had positive results for the
nutraceuticals combined with collagen, hyaluronic acid and an antioxidant.
Steven Chong, BA (Communications), is Editor
of Pure Animal
5. 8 | Autumn 2015 Vol 4 Clinical Education for Natural Pet Health 9
Key micro and trace nutrients for maintenance of nails,coat
and skin often slip under the radar due to widespread use of
commercial balanced pet foods,making deficiency-related
dermatoses rare.Does supplementation add extra resilience,
lustre or shine?
A
s the largest organ of the mammalian body, the skin forms a
protective barrier keeping moisture in and physical, mechanical
and chemical insults out. Its outermost layer consists of layers
of terminally differentiated dead cornified cells on the epidermis surface;
in small animals, hair extends this protective barrier, while their skin
thinner than in humans.
Frank deficiencies of certain micronutrients involved in epidermal cell
turnover is known to cause dermatological problems that these days
are rare or respond to supplementation and/or dietary therapy. However,
will supplementation in animals without deficiencies produce aesthetic
effects over and above maintenance?
Keratin – the exterior protein
Protein is the macronutrient most commonly described as providing
‘building blocks’ for the body’s structural tissues – muscle, hair, skin,
bones and nails – with keratin, filaggrin, involucrin, ornithine, loricrin and
collagen some of the most abundant epidermal proteins.
Together, keratins and filaggrin constitute 80–90% of the protein mass
of a mammal’s skin.1
Keratinocyte cells produce keratins that assemble
into a weblike pattern of intermediate filaments, which are bundled
tightly by filaggrin and encased in a sturdy protein/lipid bag called the
cornified cell envelope, which comprise the remaining 10% of the skin’s
total mass.2
Keratins with different physical properties and activities recur throughout
the body’s tissues in varying proportions as polymers of amino acids –
the building blocks’ integral material.
Hair is composed of 95% fibrous, tough keratin rich in the sulfur-
containing amino acids methionine and cysteine, which crosslink to
confer additional strength and rigidity to part of the shaft.3
Nails, hooves and claws contain even less elastic keratins than in the
hair, with yet more sulphur-rich amino acids that provide a tougher,
filamentous structure.
Normal growth of hair and keratinisation of the skin thus create a high
demand for dietary protein and may account for 25–30% of the animal’s
daily protein requirement.4
Dogs can synthesise endogenously 13 of 23
identified amino acids – the 10 ‘essential’ amino acids that are sourced
from the diet (usually most completely from meat) are arginine, histidine,
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine,
tryptophan, valine and, in cats, taurine.
Failure to provide sufficient levels of these amino acids results in the
cutaneous manifestations of protein malnutrition including brittle,
depigmented hair and nails, which is easily shed or crack and slow to
regrow, excessive scaling and thin, inelastic and hyperpigmented skin.3
Lipids – lubricants for skin
Lipids form the ‘cement’ between cells of the outermost layer of the
epidermis (stratum corneum – see diagram). They are synthesised by
keratinocytes from the intermediate products of metabolism or from
essential fatty acids supplied from the diet – supplementation with
linoleic acid (omega–6 PUFA) has been shown to result in reduced
transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy dogs5
– and are packaged
in small organelles known as lamellar bodies.2
In response to signalling, such as an increase in calcium concentration,
lamellar bodies move up through skin layers and secrete their content
into the intercellular spaces. The lipids derived from the lamellar bodies
are then rearranged into intercellular lamellae positioned approximately
parallel to the cell surface.2
The high-gloss finish
Ceramide is a major lipid component of in the stratum corneum and
accounts for 30–40% of lipids by weight [see also Fact Sheet March
2014]. Cholesterol, probably the most abundant lipid in the entire
body, forms part of the intercellular lipid lamella to provide fluidity and
flexibility to the membrane system. Free fatty acids also constitute
the extracellular lipid ‘mortar’ and numerous dermatological studies
have examined how structurally similar omega–3 and omega–6
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can help maintain epidermal barrier
function [see Pure Animal Summer 2015;3:4].
Zinc – linked to skin and coat
Zinc is critical in regulating many aspects of cellular metabolism, a
number of which influence the maintenance of a healthy coat and
skin. Zinc is a cofactor for a wide range of metalloenzymes and RNA
and DNA polymerases so its presence is important in rapidly dividing
cells, including those of the epidermis. Zinc is also essential for the
biosynthesis of fatty acids, participates in both the inflammatory and
immune systems and is involved in the metabolism of vitamin A.3
Supplementation of a balanced commercial diet with zinc (23.9 mg/MJ)
and linoleic acid (3.6 g/MJ) produced significant improvements in coat
gloss and scale compared with controls in 32 healthy adult dogs.
When studied separately, there was no significant effect of either zinc
or linoleic acid on these outcomes, nor on coat softness and optimum
coat feel when supplemented together. TEWL decreased significantly
during the study in all three supplemented groups, but not compared
to controls.5
Frank dietary deficiencies of zinc are considered rare in dogs and have
not been reported in cats. However, a relative deficiency may occur
in some dogs when the availability of dietary zinc is reduced through
nutrient interactions (e.g. a diet high in cereal or calcium) or cases
in which intestinal absorption of zinc is impaired from disease or
genetic factors.3
Nasodigital hyperkeratosis can affect the nose and/or foot pads of older
dogs with zinc deficiency, where keratin grows excessively and the
cracked pads appear to have ‘keratin feathers’ around their edges.
Vitamins and minerals
Micronutrients and their role in skin and coat health are outlined in
the table below, however a petfood company has sponsored studies
involving other nutrients and botanicals, including:
Pantothenate, choline, vitamin B3, histidine and inositol were
among 27 nutritional components screened for their ability to
upregulate epidermal lipid synthesis. These micronutrients were fed
to dogs at supplemented levels in a 12-week study and were able to
significantly reduce TEWL after nine weeks.6
Aloe vera, curcumin, vitamin C and taurine increased canine
fibroblast migration and decreased water diffusion across canine
keratinocytes in vitro.7
biotin and other
B vitamins (riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine) was
fed to eight black Labradors. A significant improvement in coat feel
and softness, and reduction in coat scale, were observed compared
with controls.8
Skin-centric nutrients
MICRONUTRIENT ROLE IN SKIN AND COAT HEALTH
Vitamin A Epithelium renewal, important for keratinisation. Both
deficiency and excess can hyperkeratinisation and scaling,
alopecia, poor hair coat and susceptibility to microbial
infections5
Vitamin B
group3
Thiamine (B1) Hair growth, sebum production
Riboflavin (B2) Fat and protein metabolism – deficiency produces cheilosis
and seborrhoea
Niacin (B3) Helps limit skin dehydration – deficiency black tongue,
mucous membrane ulceration
Pyroxidine (B6) Aids in protein metabolism – deficiency dull, waxy unkempt
coat with fine scales and patchy alopecia
Biotin (B7) Indispensable for synthesis of keratin – deficiency
premature greying, dull dry fur, hair breakage and loss,
dandruff, secondary inflammation with sloughing and itching9
Folic acid (B9) Helps digest and synthesise new protein, aids tissue growth
and cell function
Copper Helps body use stored iron and produce pigment melanin.
With zinc, copper aids in collagen/elastin production and
protein synthesis
Calcium Important regulator of protein synthesis in the epidermis,
including enzymes that form insoluble proteinpolymers.
Extracellular calcium ions are also important for cell–cell
adhesion and epidermal differentiation10
Selenium Works synergistically with vitamin E and copper to contribute
to elasticity
Silicon Fundamental to cross-linking mechanism in collagen
and elastin11
REFERENCES: 1. Nemes Z, et al. Bricks and mortar of the epidermal barrier. Exp Mol Med 1999;31:5–19. 2. Baroni A, et al. Structure and function of the epidermis related to barrier properties. Clinics Dermatol
2012;30(3):257–62. 3. Watson TDG. Diet and skin disease in dogs and cats. Nutr Dis 1998;128:2783S–2789S. 4. Scott DW. What’s new on canine dermatology? In: Proceedings of 12th Annual Congress of
European Society of Veterinary Dermatology, Barcelona, Spain, 1995:163–5. 5. Marsh KA, et al. Effects of zinc and linoleic acid supplementation on the skin and coat quality of dogs receiving a complete and
balanced diet. Vet Dermatol 2000;11:277–84. 6. Watson AL, et al. Dietary constituents are able to play a beneficial role in canine epidermal barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2006;15(1):74–81. 7. Fray TA, et al.
A combination of aloe vera, curcumin, vitamin C, and taurine increases canine fibroblast migration and decreases tritiated water diffusion across canine keratinocytes in vitro. J Nutr 2004;134(8 Suppl):2117S–
2119S. 8. Marsh KA. Improving the coat condition of dogs. WALTHAM Focus, Focus on Skin and Coat Special Edition 1999:29–30. 9. Frigg M, et al. Clinical study on the effect of biotin on skin conditions in
dogs. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1989;131(10):621-5. 10. Hitomi K. Transglutaminases in skin epidermis. Eur J Dermatol 2005;15:313–9. 11. Osiecki H. The Nutrient Bible. BioConcepts Publishing: Eagle Farm,
Brisbane, 2002.
TREATMENTTREATMENT
SUMMARY
of widespread feeding with balanced complete foods, some nutrients are
important in maintaining integrity and cell turnover in the epidermal layer.
filaggrin and collagen are the most abundant proteins; different proportions of
amino acids within these proteins affect structure, with sulphurous methionine
and cysteine giving extra rigidity to hair and nails.
extracellular ‘mortar’ between the corneocyte cells, and zinc is important in
areas of high cell turnover.
of dogs and found to improve markers of epidermal moisture loss and
coat quality.
CROSS-SECTION OF THE EPIDERMIS
opposite
6. 10 | Autumn 2015 Vol 4 Clinical Education for Natural Pet Health 11
Your guide to training and
education in integrative veterinary
medicine in Australia and overseas
EDUCATION
Events
MARCH
23–27 6th Pan Commonwealth Veterinary Conference
& 27th Conference of VAM
Commonwealth veterinarians meet on the themed
of ‘Providing holistic solutions to changing global
challenges: threats and opportunities for veterinarians’
CPD 1 Vet Ed point
Where Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
http://www.cvaconference2015pcvc6.com
25 Applying ECGs in General Veterinary Practice webinar
Veterinary cardiologist Dr Niek Beijerink explains when to
use ECG, how to read it and what to look out for. Common
case scenarios and new technology also profiled
CPD 1 VetEd points
Where www.pawevents.com
APRIL
14 MOVE webinar – Small Animal
Dr Shona Reese reviews diagnostic imaging
Where Goto.murdoch.edu.au/CVE
16–17 Pharmacology Symposium
A focus on practical issues to consider when administering
drugs to animals
CPD 12
Where Rydges World Square, Sydney NSW. www.cve.edu.au
19–22 VNCA Conference 2015
Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia’s 21st annual
conference features four streams of presentations and
workshops plus AGM and trade exhibition
Where Pullman Albert Park Hotel, Melbourne VIC. www.vnca.asn.au
MAY
2, 3 Medical Plus – Small Animal Abdominal Ultrasound
Workshop, Workshop of essential ultrasound skills
Where Murdoch University, Perth WA. sales@medicalplus.com.au
3 Canine Internal Medicine
All about physical examination – unusual problems,
diagnosis, common pitfalls and treatment options
CPD 6
Where Mercure Grosvenor Hotel, Adelaide SA. www.cve.edu.au
12 MOVE webinar – Small Animal
Common toxicological emergencies presented
by Sarah Purcell
Where Goto.murdoch.edu.au/CVE
15 Approaches to Bones and Joints
Workshop on commonly used surgical techniques to
bones and joint in the forelimb and hindlimb
CPD 14.5
Where www.cve.edu.au
16–17 Cardiorespiratory Conference
Differential diagnosis between heart failure and
respiratory disease via history and physical examination,
interpreting radiography
CPD 12
Where Pullman Brisbane King George Square, Brisbane QLD
www.cve.edu.au
MAY (Continued)
24 Animal welfare workshop
AVA and NZVA members and non-members explore
common values around animal welfare. Facilitated by
strategic thinker Dr Mark Strom
Where Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre
24–29 Pan Pacific Veterinary Conference 2015
Five-yearly Australasian event of more than 200
scientific sessions and 130 local and international
speakers. Presented by the AVA and NZVA.
CPD up to 28 VetEd points
Where Brisbane Convention and Conference Centre,
Brisbane QLD
www.conference.ava.com.au
29 AVAPM Exclusive Insights Workshop
A look inside a variety of successful practices –
benchmarks, marketing, HR, staff incentives, etc.
and how to assess staff production values
CPD 12 VetEd points
Where Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre
29 ASAVA Small Animal Veterinarians Workshop
Limited-capacity workshop on latest advances in open
wound management and complex wound closures
CPD 9.5 VetEd points
Where Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre
29–30 Australian Veterinary Acupuncture Group –
Geriatric and Orthopaedic Patients
Acupuncture, prolotherapy, trigger point and rehab
techniques by Dr Michelle Tilghman
CPD 17 VetEd points
Where Greencross Vets Indooroopilly QLD
www.acuvet.com.au
31 Gastrointestinal Surgery – Tips and Tricks
Intensive seminar by Prof Philip Moses on surgical
conditions and techniques involving feline and
canine GIT: exploratory laparotomy and abdominal
biopsy, enterectomy
CPD 6
Where Hyatt Hotel Canberra ACT
www.cve.edu.au
JUNE
9 MOVE webinar – Small Animal
Professor Giselle Hosgood on wound management
Where Goto.murdoch.edu.au/CVE
10–19 AVAPM New Business Model workshops
Darren Osborne, Director of Economic Research
from the Ontario Veterinary Medical Association,
presents one-day workshops on client and
practice-focused management
Where Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth
Kersti is widely published in scientific journals,
magazines, text books, and regularly contributes
to broadcast and print media. She is the author
of Training Your Cat, behaviour columnist for
Dog’s Life and a consultant to Veterinary
Information Network (VIN) in the USA.
Your interest in animal behaviour began while working overseas.
Where were you and which particular animal and behaviour
sparked that interest?
I was working in the UK doing locums when I learnt that more animals
were euthanized or surrendered every year because of their behaviour
than died of other causes and this distressed me as it was an area that
we were not taught about at University and I could do nothing to help
them. Although I was taught lots of things to help make the physical
lives of animals better I could not help them with their emotional lives
or mental health issues.
Is dietary therapy effective for any behavioural problems you
commonly see?
Diets can be very helpful in some cases, mainly those with cognitive
dysfunction. Combined with mental and physical exercise
it has been shown to improve memory and thus quality of life.
Have you had much clinical success with nutraceutical
supplementation?
We do not use them commonly but omega fatty acids can be
helpful for those animals with anxiety disorders and skin issues.
Our cover story is on gut microbiota and how its composition is
being found to affect immunity and endocrinology. There is some
research in mice and humans on how probiotic therapy affects
behaviour – do you know of any in companion animals or noticed
any effects anecdotally?
We know animals with anxiety disorders often have GI disturbances
as well as skin problems and so we treat the physical signs as well as
the emotional signs of mental health issues. I am aware of some cases
where they have been helpful in managing pets with anxiety issues.
Dr Kersti Seksel, BVSc (Hons), MRCVS, MA (Hons), is a
RegisteredVeterinary Specialist,Behavioural Medicine,a Fellow
of the Australian College of Veterinary Scientists in Animal
Behaviour, a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary
Behaviourists and a Diplomat of the European College of
Animal Welfare and Behavioural Medicine – Behavioural
Medicine Companion Animals.She is an adjunct senior
lecturer at Charles Sturt University and honorary associate
at The University of Sydney,where she tutors in behavioural
medicine for the Centre for Veterinary Education.
Seksel’s
success
INTERVIEW
T
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