Presentation provides information relaxated to iron metabolism & disorders

1. Iron Metabolism

2. • SIGNIFICANCE OF IRON:-
• Iron is an essential mineral. It is an important component of proteins participated in oxygen transport.
• That is why, human body requires especially iron for oxygen transport.Iron plays an important role regarding
the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
• Iron is also plays an important role regarding the formation of other compounds namely catalase,
cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase.

3. • NORMAL VALUE AND CIRCULATION OF IRON IN THE BODY:-
•
• The total quantity of iron in the body is approximately as follows;
• In the hemoglobin 65- 68%
• In the muscle as myoglobin 4%
• As intracellular oxidative heme
• Compound 1%
• Preserved in the Reticulo
• Endothelial System 25 - 30%
• In the plasma as transferrin 0.1%

4. • DIETARY IRON:-
• The availability of iron takes place in two forms such as Heme and Non Heme.
• HEME IRON:-
• Heme iron is observed especially in chicken, fish and meat.
• Iron n these sources is observed in the form of heme.
• An absorption of heme iron takes place particularly from intestine.

5. • NON HEME IRON:-
• Iron especially in the form of non heme is observed particularly in cereals, grains and vegetables.
• An absorption of Non heme does not take place easily as Heme iron.
• Cereals, flours and products of grains which are enriched or fortified (strengthened) with iron because good
dietary sources of Non heme especially for children and women.

6. • ABSORPTION OF IRON:-
• An absorption of iron takes place from the small intestine. .
• An absorption of iron occurs through the intestinal cells with the help of pinocytosis and transported into
the blood.
• Bile plays an essential role regarding an absorption of iron.

7. • TRANSPORT OF IRON:-
• Immediately after absorption into blood, iron binds with a beta - globulin termed as apotransferrin
leading to the formation of transferrin.
• The transportation of iron in blood happens especially in the form of transferrin.
• Iron binds in a loose manner along with globin and can be resealed in an easy manner at any region of the
body.

8. • PRESERVERATION OG IRON;-
• The preservation of an iron takes place I large quantities especially in reticulo- endothelial cells as well as
liver hepatocytes.
• In other cells, preservation of an iron happens in small quantities.
• Preservation of iron occurs in large quantities.
• Preservation of iron happens in small quantities and preserved as hemosidered.

9. • DAILY LOSS OF IRON;_
•
• In males, approximately an excretion 1 mg of iron happens every day via feces.
• In females, approximately the loss of iron happens in high quantity due to menstruation.
• One gram of hemoglobin consists of 3.34 mg of iron.
• Generally, 100 ml blood consists of 15 gm of hemoglobin and about 50 mg of iron ( 3.34 X 15). That is
why, if 100 ml 0f blood is lost from the body, there is a loss of about 50 mg of iron.
• In females, especially during every menstrual cycle, about 50 mL of blood is lost by which 25 mg of iron is
lost.
• So, the iron content is always less in females compare to males.
• The loss of iron happens especially during hemorrhage and blood donation also.
• When 450 mL of blood is donated, approximately 225 mg of iron is lost.

10. • REGULATION OF TOTAL IRON IN THE BODY:-
•
• An absorption and excretion of iron are controlled almost in an equal manner especially under normal
physiological conditions.
• If the iron preservation is saturated in the body, it automatically decreases the further absorption of iron
from the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) with the help of feedback mechanism.
• The factors which decrease the absorption of iron are
• Stoppage of apotransferrin formation in the liver, so that an absorption of iron does not take place from the
intestine.
• Reduction in the intestine of iron from the transferrin so that, the saturation of transferrin occurs in a
complete manner along with iron and further absorption is inhibited.

11. • References
• 1.
• Rodgers GM, Gilreath JA. The Role of Intravenous Iron in the Treatment of Anemia Associated with Cancer
and Chemotherapy. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):13-20. [PubMed]
• 2.
• Gómez-Ramírez S, Bisbe E, Shander A, Spahn DR, Muñoz M. Management of Perioperative Iron Deficiency
Anemia. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):21-29. [PubMed]
• 3.
• Gafter-Gvili A, Schechter A, Rozen-Zvi B. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Acta Haematol.
2019;142(1):44-50. [PubMed]
• 4.
• DeLoughery TG. Safety of Oral and Intravenous Iron. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):8-12. [PubMed]
• 5.
• Chuncharunee S, Teawtrakul N, Siritanaratkul N, Chueamuangphan N. Review of disease-related complications
and management in adult patients with thalassemia: A multi-center study in Thailand. PLoS One.
2019;14(3):e0214148. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

12. •
• Chuncharunee S, Teawtrakul N, Siritanaratkul N, Chueamuangphan N. Review of disease-related
complications and management in adult patients with thalassemia: A multi-center study in
Thailand. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214148. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
• 6.
• Shokrgozar N, Golafshan HA. Molecular perspective of iron uptake, related diseases, and
treatments. Blood Res. 2019 Mar;54(1):10-16. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
• 7.
• Demosthenous C, Vlachaki E, Apostolou C, Eleftheriou P, Kotsiafti A, Vetsiou E, Mandala E,
Perifanis V, Sarafidis P. Beta-thalassemia: renal complications and mechanisms: a narrative
review. Hematology. 2019 Dec;24(1):426-438. [PubMed]
•
• Zusman O, Itzhaki Ben Zadok O, Gafter-Gvili A. Management of Iron Deficiency in Heart
Failure. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):51-56. [PubMed]
• 9.
• Wan D, Wu Q, Ni H, Liu G, Ruan Z, Yin Y. Treatments for Iron Deficiency (ID): Prospective
Organic Iron Fortification. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(3):325-332. [PubMed]