This paper presents a nonlinear Integral backstepping control approach based on field oriented control technique, applied to a Double Star Induction Machine ‘DSIM’ feed by two power voltage sources. We present this technique of integral backstepping by using reduced and complete Model of DSIM. The objective is to improve the robustness of machine under internal parameter variation with nonlinear Integral backstepping control. The robustness test results obtained by simulation prove the effectiveness of control with using complete model of DSIM.
Nonlinear Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing with Output ConstraintIJECEIAES
In this paper, an appropriate control strategy is proposed to handle the nonlinear dy- namics of an active magnetic bearing (AMB). The goal of the control design is to drive the AMB rotor to the origin with improved transient response. In order to achieve this task, back stepping control technique with a barrier Lyapunov function are employed to keep the tracking error trajectory inside a predefined zone to avoid possible mechanical contact between rotor and stator. Besides, a speed observer is also used since information about rotor speed is not always available. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulations.
Fault modeling and parametric fault detection in analog VLSI circuits using d...IJECEIAES
In this article we describe new model for determination of fault in circuit and also we provide detailed analysis of tolerance of circuit, which is considered one of the important parameter while designing the circuit. We have done mathematical analysis to provide strong base for our model and also done simulation for the same. This article describes detailed analysis of parametric fault in analog VLSI circuit. The model is tested for different frequencies for compactness and its flexibility. The tolerance analysis is also done for this purpose. All the simulation are done in MATLAB software.
Direct torque control of IM using PID controller IJECEIAES
Direct torque control "DTC" technique is one of a high performance control system of an AC motor drive, which was proposed after the vector oriented control scheme during the resent 25 years. It has been developed rapidly for its concise system scheme, transient and dynamic performance. The DTC mechanism consists of voltage vector selection table, two hysteresis comparators and two estimator’s one for stator flux and another for electromagnetic torque. DTC is directly control torque and flux by using Voltage Source Inverter VSI, space vector and stator flux orientation and indirect speed regulated. A several control techniques can be used for improving the torque and flux performance. In this paper, the DTC with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller used to improve the starting and dynamic performance of asynchronous motor AM, which gives good torque and flux response, best speed control and also minimize the unacceptable torque ripple. The mathematical model of DTC with PID controller of 3-phase induction motor IM are simulated under MatlabSimulink. Therefore, the DTC based on PID controller has good performance of IM compared to classical DTC for starting, running state and also during change in load.
Simulation, bifurcation, and stability analysis of a SEPIC converter control...IJECEIAES
This article presents some results of SEPIC converter dynamics when controlled by a center pulse width modulator controller (CPWM). The duty cycle is calculated using the ZAD (Zero Average Dynamics) technique. Results obtained using this technique show a great variety of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos, as parameters associated with the switching surface. These phenomena have been studied in the present paper in numerical form. Simulations were done in MATLAB.
This document presents a design of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) controllers using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve power system stability. The controllers are tested on a single machine infinite bus system model in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed PSS and SVC controller designed using PSO effectively damps out oscillations under different disturbances like balanced/unbalanced faults and small disturbances, improving stability performance compared to conventional PSS alone. The parameters of the controllers are optimized using PSO to maximize efficiency. Nonlinear time-domain simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme in enhancing power system stability over a wide range of operating conditions.
4.[14 24]modeling, analysis and control of hexagram inverter for three- phase...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper about modeling and controlling a hexagram inverter for driving a three-phase induction motor. Some key points:
1) A hexagram inverter has six interconnected voltage source inverters that allow it to drive either a three-phase or six-phase motor. It has advantages over other multilevel inverters like fewer components, lower voltage stress, and built-in fault tolerance.
2) A simulation model of a hexagram inverter driving a three-phase induction motor was developed in Matlab/Simulink.
3) The document analyzes the voltage and current relationships within the hexagram inverter. The output voltage is three times that of the individual inverter modules
11.modeling, analysis and control of hexagram inverter for three phase induc...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a research paper on modeling and controlling a hexagram inverter for driving a three-phase induction motor. Some key points:
1) A hexagram inverter consists of six interconnected voltage source inverters arranged in a hexagonal structure that can drive either a three-phase or six-phase motor.
2) The hexagram inverter has advantages over other multilevel inverters like reduced components, built-in redundancy, and lower voltage stress on switches.
3) A simulation model of a hexagram inverter driving a three-phase induction motor was developed in Matlab/Simulink to study the drive performance under different operating conditions.
Nonlinear Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing with Output ConstraintIJECEIAES
In this paper, an appropriate control strategy is proposed to handle the nonlinear dy- namics of an active magnetic bearing (AMB). The goal of the control design is to drive the AMB rotor to the origin with improved transient response. In order to achieve this task, back stepping control technique with a barrier Lyapunov function are employed to keep the tracking error trajectory inside a predefined zone to avoid possible mechanical contact between rotor and stator. Besides, a speed observer is also used since information about rotor speed is not always available. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by numerical simulations.
Fault modeling and parametric fault detection in analog VLSI circuits using d...IJECEIAES
In this article we describe new model for determination of fault in circuit and also we provide detailed analysis of tolerance of circuit, which is considered one of the important parameter while designing the circuit. We have done mathematical analysis to provide strong base for our model and also done simulation for the same. This article describes detailed analysis of parametric fault in analog VLSI circuit. The model is tested for different frequencies for compactness and its flexibility. The tolerance analysis is also done for this purpose. All the simulation are done in MATLAB software.
Direct torque control of IM using PID controller IJECEIAES
Direct torque control "DTC" technique is one of a high performance control system of an AC motor drive, which was proposed after the vector oriented control scheme during the resent 25 years. It has been developed rapidly for its concise system scheme, transient and dynamic performance. The DTC mechanism consists of voltage vector selection table, two hysteresis comparators and two estimator’s one for stator flux and another for electromagnetic torque. DTC is directly control torque and flux by using Voltage Source Inverter VSI, space vector and stator flux orientation and indirect speed regulated. A several control techniques can be used for improving the torque and flux performance. In this paper, the DTC with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller used to improve the starting and dynamic performance of asynchronous motor AM, which gives good torque and flux response, best speed control and also minimize the unacceptable torque ripple. The mathematical model of DTC with PID controller of 3-phase induction motor IM are simulated under MatlabSimulink. Therefore, the DTC based on PID controller has good performance of IM compared to classical DTC for starting, running state and also during change in load.
Simulation, bifurcation, and stability analysis of a SEPIC converter control...IJECEIAES
This article presents some results of SEPIC converter dynamics when controlled by a center pulse width modulator controller (CPWM). The duty cycle is calculated using the ZAD (Zero Average Dynamics) technique. Results obtained using this technique show a great variety of non-linear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos, as parameters associated with the switching surface. These phenomena have been studied in the present paper in numerical form. Simulations were done in MATLAB.
This document presents a design of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) controllers using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve power system stability. The controllers are tested on a single machine infinite bus system model in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed PSS and SVC controller designed using PSO effectively damps out oscillations under different disturbances like balanced/unbalanced faults and small disturbances, improving stability performance compared to conventional PSS alone. The parameters of the controllers are optimized using PSO to maximize efficiency. Nonlinear time-domain simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme in enhancing power system stability over a wide range of operating conditions.
4.[14 24]modeling, analysis and control of hexagram inverter for three- phase...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper about modeling and controlling a hexagram inverter for driving a three-phase induction motor. Some key points:
1) A hexagram inverter has six interconnected voltage source inverters that allow it to drive either a three-phase or six-phase motor. It has advantages over other multilevel inverters like fewer components, lower voltage stress, and built-in fault tolerance.
2) A simulation model of a hexagram inverter driving a three-phase induction motor was developed in Matlab/Simulink.
3) The document analyzes the voltage and current relationships within the hexagram inverter. The output voltage is three times that of the individual inverter modules
11.modeling, analysis and control of hexagram inverter for three phase induc...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a research paper on modeling and controlling a hexagram inverter for driving a three-phase induction motor. Some key points:
1) A hexagram inverter consists of six interconnected voltage source inverters arranged in a hexagonal structure that can drive either a three-phase or six-phase motor.
2) The hexagram inverter has advantages over other multilevel inverters like reduced components, built-in redundancy, and lower voltage stress on switches.
3) A simulation model of a hexagram inverter driving a three-phase induction motor was developed in Matlab/Simulink to study the drive performance under different operating conditions.
Body travel performance improvement of space vehicle electromagnetic suspensi...Mustefa Jibril
Electromagnetic suspension system (EMS) is mostly used in the field of high-speed vehicle. In this paper, a space exploring vehicle quarter electromagnetic suspension system is modelled, designed and simulated using linear quadratic optimal control problem. Linear quadratic Gaussian and linear quadratic integral controllers are designed to improve the body travel of the vehicle using bump road profile. Comparison between the proposed controllers is done and a promising simulation result have been analyzed.
This document presents the dynamic modeling of a zeta converter using state-space averaging technique. It describes developing state-space models for the two switching states of the converter and averaging them to obtain an overall state-space model. The converter is modeled with equivalent series resistances on the capacitors and inductors. Full-state feedback control is then implemented on the converter model to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and performance under input/load disturbances.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a novel direct torque control method for induction machine drives using space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Simulation results show the proposed DTC-SVM control achieves lower ripples compared to the conventional DTC method. The DTC-SVM control strategy is designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and implemented on an FPGA using Xilinx System Generator. Simulation results verify the DTC-SVM control is effective at minimizing torque and flux ripples for induction machine drives.
This document discusses robust control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a genetic algorithm and PID controller. It begins with an introduction to PMSM modeling and control challenges. It then describes a proposed technique using an H-infinity controller with genetic algorithm optimization of parameters to improve stability. The H-infinity controller is compared to a PID controller. Finally, the document provides details on PMSM mathematical modeling, standard H-infinity design methodology, genetic algorithm based parameter optimization, and implementation of the robust PID and H-infinity control scheme.
This document proposes a method for estimating torque in a sensorless brushless DC motor (BLDC) using a sliding mode observer combined with an extended Kalman filter. BLDC motors are commonly used in applications that require fast torque response and high efficiency. However, torque pulsations in BLDC motors can cause noise and vibration issues. The proposed method uses a sliding mode observer to estimate the non-sinusoidal back-EMF waveform and an extended Kalman filter to estimate the rotor speed. Both estimates are then used to calculate the instantaneous electromagnetic torque. Simulation results show the estimated outputs are accurate, though there is some chattering effect. The proposed technique is shown to effectively minimize torque pulsations when applied to sensorless direct
This document summarizes the results of a study on identifying the weakest branch in a radial distribution network with composite loads using distributed generation. The study tested the approach on a 33-node, 12.66 kV radial distribution system. The reactive loading index technique was used to identify the weakest branch for various levels of distributed generation placed at the optimal node. It was found that branch 5 was the weakest up to 30% distributed generation capacity, after which branch 27 became the weakest as the distributed generation level increased to 100% of the total load. The results provide guidance on how the weakest branch may change with different amounts of distributed generation on the network.
This paper present a hybrid nonlinear control based on fuzzy sliding mode to control wind energy conversion system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Consiting of coupling fuzzy logic control and sliding mode control this technique is introduced to avoid the major disadvantage of variable structure systems, namely the chattering phenomenon. Effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation results in Matlab Simulink.
PID controller using rapid control prototyping techniquesIJECEIAES
To analyze the performance of the PID controller in a buck type converter implemented in real time. We begin by designing a continuous controller using the analytical method for calculating PIDs. Pulse width modulation is then used and bifurcation diagrams analyzed to reveal some problems of switching and sampling time. The model converter is then implemented with a PID controller in dSPACE. The experimental results provide detailed requirements of sampling frequency and switching speed, and show the performance of the PID controller. Converters are used in power generation solar systems and conmuted power sources for feed telecommunication devices, smart grids, and other applications.
This document summarizes modeling and control techniques for a wind power system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). It first models the various components of the wind system, including the wind turbine, speed multiplier, mechanical shaft, and DFIG generator. It then describes two field oriented control techniques - direct field oriented control and indirect field oriented control - to independently control the active and reactive power output of the DFIG. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that both control techniques effectively regulate the power to reference values, with the indirect method having better performance due to compensating for coupling terms between control axes.
Stability Analysis of DC-link Voltage Control on Autonomous Micro Hydro Power...IAES-IJPEDS
Micro Hydro Power Plant has become one of the interesting topics to be researched nowadays. This paper deals with the stability analysis on control system of excitation voltage in Micro Hydro Power Plant. The control of this voltage can be achieved by controlling the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) with particular algorithm so the voltage on the DC-link part of the system can be controlled. Without knowing the exact specification of system parameters, the system will be most likely unstable. The DC-link control system is modeled, simulated, and mathematically analyzed so the parameter specification for the stable system can be obtained.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Master slave vector controlled double induction motor using unity power facto...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the recent days most of the industries uses Induction motors as the primary loads. In order to meet the total load requirement
multiple motors are used. In this paper two Vector Controlled (VC) Induction Motors and a double closed loop PWM rectifier are
used to explain the operation of Master Slave Configuration. The work mainly concentrates on the operation of a Unity Power factor
Controlled (UPFC) PWM Rectifier as the input source for both the Vector Controlled Induction Motors. This UPFC PWM Rectifier
uses two closed loop pi control algorithms the inner loop controls the current and the outer loop controls the DC voltage. The
proposed model is simulated in Matlab/ Simulink and the results shows good synchronization for two induction motors operated in
master slave configuration.
Keywords: Vector Control, Induction Motor, PWM Rectifier, and Unity Power Factor Control
This document presents an implementation of space vector modulation (SVM) for a two-level three-phase inverter using a dSPACE DS1104 controller. It describes the principles of SVM, including voltage vector modeling, sector detection, and pulse generation. Hardware experiments were conducted to validate a SVM control algorithm developed in Simulink. Results showed line voltages from the real hardware matched simulation. THD comparisons confirmed SVM provides lower distortion and higher fundamental output than sinusoidal PWM. The dSPACE system allows real-time testing of control algorithms on actual hardware.
Multi-Machine Stability Using Dynamic Inversion Technique IJECEIAES
Stability studies of multi machine system are a major concern to power system engineers due to the increasing complexity involved. This paper deals with the application of a nonlinear technique called Dynamic Inversion, to TCSC for the improvement of stability of multi-machine system. The transient stability studies for various cases: without any controller, with 75% line compensation and with Dynamic Inversion technique, are compared. The critical clearing time as well as the maximum loading ability is also discussed. The result for the nonlinear controller is found to be better than all the other cases.
sub-synchronous interactions between type 3 wind turbine using fuzzy logicDharma Teja
This chapter introduces the topic of sub-synchronous control interactions that can occur between type-3 wind turbines and series compensated AC transmission systems. It provides background on the growth of wind power capacity globally and the different types of wind turbine systems. The chapter outlines the structure of the thesis, which will use MATLAB simulation to demonstrate sub-synchronous control interactions and design a damping controller to mitigate instability issues.
Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field- Orientation Control Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.
Analytical Model of Cage Induction Machine Dedicated to the Study of the Inne...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new analytical model for inner bearing raceway defect. The model is based on the presentation of different machine inductances as Fourier series without any kind of reference frame transformation. The proposed approach shows that this model is able to give important features on the state of the motor. Simulation based on spectral analysis of stator current signal using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and experimental results are given to shed light on the usefulness of the proposed model.
Optimal PID Controller Design for Speed Control of a Separately Excited DC Mo...ijscmcj
This paper presents a new approach to determine the optimal proportional-integral-derivative controller parameters for the speed control of a separately excited DC motor using firefly optimization technique. Firefly algorithm is one of the recent evolutionary methods which are inspired by the Firefly’s behavior in nature. The firefly optimization technique is successfully implemented using MATLAB software. A comparison is drawn from the results obtained between the linear quadratic regulator and firefly optimization techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and validity of the design method.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...eSAT Journals
This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
This article presents nonlinear control of wind conversion chain connected to the grid based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control objectives are threefold; i) forcing the generator speed to track a varying reference signal in order to extract the maximum power at different wind speed (MPPT); ii) regulating the rectifier output capacitor voltage; iii) reducing the harmonic and reactive currents injected in the grid. This means that the inverter output current must be sinusoidal and in phase with the AC supply voltage (PFC). To this end, a nonlinear state-feedback control is developed, based on the average nonlinear model of the whole controlled system. This control strategy involves backstepping approach, Lyapunov stability and other tools from theory of linear systems. The proposed state-feedback control strategy is tested by numerical simulation which shows that the developed controller reaches its objectives.
Unknown Input Observer for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Subject to Distur...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the problem design of an unknown input observer
(UIO) for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) subject to disturbances.
These disturbances can be considered as unknown inputs (UI). The state
space model of the DFIG is obtained from the voltage equations of the stator
and rotor. Then, this latter is used for the design of an unknown input
observer (UIO) in order to estimate both the state and the unknown inputs of
the DFIG. Furthermore, the UIO gains are computed by solving a set of
linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulations results are given to show the
performance and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Novel of Nonlinear Voltage Regulators analysis by using Synchronizing and D...AM Publications
This paper presents an approach to replace the conventional excitation system (AVR+PSS) with a nonlinear voltage regulators derived using synchronizing and damping torque analysis. Now-a- days a keen interest has been developed in designing nonlinear exciters to provide a good dynamic performance in the complex environment of a power system. A feedback linearization technique is used to design two nonlinear controllers that uses nonlinear control laws for derivation and analysis. The performance of two regulators are tested for different operating cases on linearized model of Heffron Phillip’s model has developed and the synchronizing and damping torques are analyzed to study the nature of small signal stability
Body travel performance improvement of space vehicle electromagnetic suspensi...Mustefa Jibril
Electromagnetic suspension system (EMS) is mostly used in the field of high-speed vehicle. In this paper, a space exploring vehicle quarter electromagnetic suspension system is modelled, designed and simulated using linear quadratic optimal control problem. Linear quadratic Gaussian and linear quadratic integral controllers are designed to improve the body travel of the vehicle using bump road profile. Comparison between the proposed controllers is done and a promising simulation result have been analyzed.
This document presents the dynamic modeling of a zeta converter using state-space averaging technique. It describes developing state-space models for the two switching states of the converter and averaging them to obtain an overall state-space model. The converter is modeled with equivalent series resistances on the capacitors and inductors. Full-state feedback control is then implemented on the converter model to regulate the output voltage. Simulation results are presented to verify the accuracy of the modeling and performance under input/load disturbances.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a novel direct torque control method for induction machine drives using space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Simulation results show the proposed DTC-SVM control achieves lower ripples compared to the conventional DTC method. The DTC-SVM control strategy is designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and implemented on an FPGA using Xilinx System Generator. Simulation results verify the DTC-SVM control is effective at minimizing torque and flux ripples for induction machine drives.
This document discusses robust control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a genetic algorithm and PID controller. It begins with an introduction to PMSM modeling and control challenges. It then describes a proposed technique using an H-infinity controller with genetic algorithm optimization of parameters to improve stability. The H-infinity controller is compared to a PID controller. Finally, the document provides details on PMSM mathematical modeling, standard H-infinity design methodology, genetic algorithm based parameter optimization, and implementation of the robust PID and H-infinity control scheme.
This document proposes a method for estimating torque in a sensorless brushless DC motor (BLDC) using a sliding mode observer combined with an extended Kalman filter. BLDC motors are commonly used in applications that require fast torque response and high efficiency. However, torque pulsations in BLDC motors can cause noise and vibration issues. The proposed method uses a sliding mode observer to estimate the non-sinusoidal back-EMF waveform and an extended Kalman filter to estimate the rotor speed. Both estimates are then used to calculate the instantaneous electromagnetic torque. Simulation results show the estimated outputs are accurate, though there is some chattering effect. The proposed technique is shown to effectively minimize torque pulsations when applied to sensorless direct
This document summarizes the results of a study on identifying the weakest branch in a radial distribution network with composite loads using distributed generation. The study tested the approach on a 33-node, 12.66 kV radial distribution system. The reactive loading index technique was used to identify the weakest branch for various levels of distributed generation placed at the optimal node. It was found that branch 5 was the weakest up to 30% distributed generation capacity, after which branch 27 became the weakest as the distributed generation level increased to 100% of the total load. The results provide guidance on how the weakest branch may change with different amounts of distributed generation on the network.
This paper present a hybrid nonlinear control based on fuzzy sliding mode to control wind energy conversion system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Consiting of coupling fuzzy logic control and sliding mode control this technique is introduced to avoid the major disadvantage of variable structure systems, namely the chattering phenomenon. Effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation results in Matlab Simulink.
PID controller using rapid control prototyping techniquesIJECEIAES
To analyze the performance of the PID controller in a buck type converter implemented in real time. We begin by designing a continuous controller using the analytical method for calculating PIDs. Pulse width modulation is then used and bifurcation diagrams analyzed to reveal some problems of switching and sampling time. The model converter is then implemented with a PID controller in dSPACE. The experimental results provide detailed requirements of sampling frequency and switching speed, and show the performance of the PID controller. Converters are used in power generation solar systems and conmuted power sources for feed telecommunication devices, smart grids, and other applications.
This document summarizes modeling and control techniques for a wind power system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). It first models the various components of the wind system, including the wind turbine, speed multiplier, mechanical shaft, and DFIG generator. It then describes two field oriented control techniques - direct field oriented control and indirect field oriented control - to independently control the active and reactive power output of the DFIG. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that both control techniques effectively regulate the power to reference values, with the indirect method having better performance due to compensating for coupling terms between control axes.
Stability Analysis of DC-link Voltage Control on Autonomous Micro Hydro Power...IAES-IJPEDS
Micro Hydro Power Plant has become one of the interesting topics to be researched nowadays. This paper deals with the stability analysis on control system of excitation voltage in Micro Hydro Power Plant. The control of this voltage can be achieved by controlling the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) with particular algorithm so the voltage on the DC-link part of the system can be controlled. Without knowing the exact specification of system parameters, the system will be most likely unstable. The DC-link control system is modeled, simulated, and mathematically analyzed so the parameter specification for the stable system can be obtained.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Master slave vector controlled double induction motor using unity power facto...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the recent days most of the industries uses Induction motors as the primary loads. In order to meet the total load requirement
multiple motors are used. In this paper two Vector Controlled (VC) Induction Motors and a double closed loop PWM rectifier are
used to explain the operation of Master Slave Configuration. The work mainly concentrates on the operation of a Unity Power factor
Controlled (UPFC) PWM Rectifier as the input source for both the Vector Controlled Induction Motors. This UPFC PWM Rectifier
uses two closed loop pi control algorithms the inner loop controls the current and the outer loop controls the DC voltage. The
proposed model is simulated in Matlab/ Simulink and the results shows good synchronization for two induction motors operated in
master slave configuration.
Keywords: Vector Control, Induction Motor, PWM Rectifier, and Unity Power Factor Control
This document presents an implementation of space vector modulation (SVM) for a two-level three-phase inverter using a dSPACE DS1104 controller. It describes the principles of SVM, including voltage vector modeling, sector detection, and pulse generation. Hardware experiments were conducted to validate a SVM control algorithm developed in Simulink. Results showed line voltages from the real hardware matched simulation. THD comparisons confirmed SVM provides lower distortion and higher fundamental output than sinusoidal PWM. The dSPACE system allows real-time testing of control algorithms on actual hardware.
Multi-Machine Stability Using Dynamic Inversion Technique IJECEIAES
Stability studies of multi machine system are a major concern to power system engineers due to the increasing complexity involved. This paper deals with the application of a nonlinear technique called Dynamic Inversion, to TCSC for the improvement of stability of multi-machine system. The transient stability studies for various cases: without any controller, with 75% line compensation and with Dynamic Inversion technique, are compared. The critical clearing time as well as the maximum loading ability is also discussed. The result for the nonlinear controller is found to be better than all the other cases.
sub-synchronous interactions between type 3 wind turbine using fuzzy logicDharma Teja
This chapter introduces the topic of sub-synchronous control interactions that can occur between type-3 wind turbines and series compensated AC transmission systems. It provides background on the growth of wind power capacity globally and the different types of wind turbine systems. The chapter outlines the structure of the thesis, which will use MATLAB simulation to demonstrate sub-synchronous control interactions and design a damping controller to mitigate instability issues.
Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field- Orientation Control Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.
Analytical Model of Cage Induction Machine Dedicated to the Study of the Inne...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new analytical model for inner bearing raceway defect. The model is based on the presentation of different machine inductances as Fourier series without any kind of reference frame transformation. The proposed approach shows that this model is able to give important features on the state of the motor. Simulation based on spectral analysis of stator current signal using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and experimental results are given to shed light on the usefulness of the proposed model.
Optimal PID Controller Design for Speed Control of a Separately Excited DC Mo...ijscmcj
This paper presents a new approach to determine the optimal proportional-integral-derivative controller parameters for the speed control of a separately excited DC motor using firefly optimization technique. Firefly algorithm is one of the recent evolutionary methods which are inspired by the Firefly’s behavior in nature. The firefly optimization technique is successfully implemented using MATLAB software. A comparison is drawn from the results obtained between the linear quadratic regulator and firefly optimization techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and validity of the design method.
A novel p q control algorithm for combined active front end converter and shu...eSAT Journals
This document presents a novel P-Q control algorithm for a combined active front end converter and shunt active filter (AFE+SAF). The AFE+SAF can compensate for reactive power, harmonic power, and unbalanced power produced by nonlinear and unbalanced loads, while maintaining sinusoidal source currents. The P-Q control algorithm meets the goals of load compensation and three-phase AC to DC power conversion for drives. The performance of the AFE+SAF was verified through simulation under different load conditions, including unbalanced linear loads, nonlinear loads, and combinations of these. Source current distortion was measured using %THD and found to comply with IEEE standards.
This article presents nonlinear control of wind conversion chain connected to the grid based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control objectives are threefold; i) forcing the generator speed to track a varying reference signal in order to extract the maximum power at different wind speed (MPPT); ii) regulating the rectifier output capacitor voltage; iii) reducing the harmonic and reactive currents injected in the grid. This means that the inverter output current must be sinusoidal and in phase with the AC supply voltage (PFC). To this end, a nonlinear state-feedback control is developed, based on the average nonlinear model of the whole controlled system. This control strategy involves backstepping approach, Lyapunov stability and other tools from theory of linear systems. The proposed state-feedback control strategy is tested by numerical simulation which shows that the developed controller reaches its objectives.
Unknown Input Observer for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Subject to Distur...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper deals with the problem design of an unknown input observer
(UIO) for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) subject to disturbances.
These disturbances can be considered as unknown inputs (UI). The state
space model of the DFIG is obtained from the voltage equations of the stator
and rotor. Then, this latter is used for the design of an unknown input
observer (UIO) in order to estimate both the state and the unknown inputs of
the DFIG. Furthermore, the UIO gains are computed by solving a set of
linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulations results are given to show the
performance and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Novel of Nonlinear Voltage Regulators analysis by using Synchronizing and D...AM Publications
This paper presents an approach to replace the conventional excitation system (AVR+PSS) with a nonlinear voltage regulators derived using synchronizing and damping torque analysis. Now-a- days a keen interest has been developed in designing nonlinear exciters to provide a good dynamic performance in the complex environment of a power system. A feedback linearization technique is used to design two nonlinear controllers that uses nonlinear control laws for derivation and analysis. The performance of two regulators are tested for different operating cases on linearized model of Heffron Phillip’s model has developed and the synchronizing and damping torques are analyzed to study the nature of small signal stability
Three inverters are operated in parallel using P-V/Q-F droop control to share load proportionally in a microgrid. The droop control principle ties the inverter output active power to voltage frequency and reactive power to voltage amplitude, allowing proportional load sharing without communication between inverters. A mathematical model of a three-phase inverter with LC filter is derived based on voltage and current dual control loops. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink indicate the droop control scheme effectively balances voltage magnitude and frequency for proportional power sharing between parallel inverters.
Real Time Implementation of Fuzzy Adaptive PI-sliding Mode Controller for Ind...IJECEIAES
In this work, a fuzzy adaptive PI-sliding mode control is proposed for Induction Motor speed control. First, an adaptive PI-sliding mode controller with a proportional plus integral equivalent control action is investigated, in which a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized for generalized soft-switching parameters. The proposed control design uses a fuzzy inference system to overcome the drawbacks of the sliding mode control in terms of high control gains and chattering to form a fuzzy sliding mode controller. The proposed controller has implemented for a 1.5kW three-Phase IM are completely carried out using a dSPACE DS1104 digital signal processor based real-time data acquisition control system, and MATLAB/Simulink environment. Digital experimental results show that the proposed controller can not only attenuate the chattering extent of the adaptive PI-sliding mode controller but can provide high-performance dynamic characteristics with regard to plant external load disturbance and reference variations.
In recent years, applications of facts systems have been developed for the compensation of active and reactive power. Facts systems are electronics devices that are connected to the wind farm. This paper presents the impacts of some of these devices on the stability of a wind farm, especially D-STATCOM, Static Var Compensator and Fuzzy SVC controller. First, a presentation of D-STATCOM, SVC, then fuzzy logic controller. In simulation study, the D-STATCOM ensures the stability of the voltage and current at the point of connection with the electrical grid. Finally, Comparing the SVC to the F-SVC simulations, we notice that the F-SVC is more performed than SVC for the compensation of the active and reactive power.
The Nine-Switch Inverter(NSI) is a recently developed dual output converter. It can be used to drive two three-phase loads independently. As a substitute to two separate conventional voltage source inverters, the NSI has been, already, proposed in various industrial applications to reduce the numberof semiconductor switches and its associated energy losses and drive circuitry. On the other hand, the Direct Torque Control(DTC) is a robust control scheme of AC motors, which consist of selecting proper state vectors of a conventional voltage source inverter. The NSI, having a different working principle from the conventional voltage source inverter and taking into account the varying influence of active space vectors on motor’s torque and stator flux, a Direct Torque Control is suggested in this paper to, efficiently, drive two induction motors independently, while minimizing the torque and stator flux ripples of both motors. Simulations results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, application of this newly proposed control scheme in operation of an Electric Vehicule (EV) is demonstrated.
Application of neuro fuzzy controller in torque ripple minimization of vecIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a neuro-fuzzy controller to minimize torque ripple in an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive fed by a voltage source inverter (VSI). The neuro-fuzzy controller is compared to a conventional PI controller. Simulation results show the neuro-fuzzy controller significantly reduces torque ripple without the need for filtering. The neuro-fuzzy controller improves the performance of the induction motor drive under different operating conditions such as starting, steady-state, and load changes, as compared to the PI controller.
1) The document describes a regenerative loading system that uses a converter to emulate various active and reactive power loads and regenerate consumed power back to the grid.
2) The system uses vector control to independently control active and reactive power by controlling the quadrature and direct axis current components.
3) A phase locked loop and transformations between stationary and synchronously rotating reference frames are used to generate control signals for the converter.
A modular abstraction is presented to implement model predictive control (MPC) on a three phase two level voltage source inverter to control its output current. Traditional ways of coded implementation do not provide insights into the complex nature of MPC; hence a more intuitive, logical and flexible approach for hardware implementation is conceptualized in the form of signal flow graphs (SFGs) for estimation, prediction and optimization. Simulation results show good performance of the approach and easier code generation for real time implementation. RL load is assumed for the inverter and the importance of choosing load inductance and sampling time ratio is emphasized for better control performance.
This article describes firstly a wind power production line, principally a wind turbine constitutes her and brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG). The models of these components are developed, and control objective of BDFIG is to achieve a dynamic performance similar to the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using a stator flux field oriented control (FOC) and direct power control (DPC) strategy. After, the simulation program using Matlab/Simulink has been developed. The performances of this strategy are evaluated and analyzed, so the results show a good robustness great dynamic and a precision of speed.
Three-Level DTC Based on Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network of Sensorless DSSM Us...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a direct torque control is applied for salient-pole double star synchronous machine without mechanical speed and stator flux linkage sensors. The estimation is performed using the extended Kalman filter known by it is ability to process noisy discrete measurements. Two control approaches using fuzzy logic DTC, and neural network DTC are proposed and compared. The validity of the proposed controls scheme is verified by simulation tests of a double star synchronous machine. The stator flux, torque, and speed are determined and compared in the above techniques. Simulation results presented in this paper highlight the improvements produced by the proposed control method based on the extended Kalman filter under various operation conditions.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
Voltage Oriented Decoupled Control Scheme for DFIG’s Grid Side ConverterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper proposes a novel voltage oriented decoupled control scheme for the DFIG’s Grid Side
Converter (GSC) of a 2.3Mw, 690V, 50Hz, 6 pole doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind
generation system. For Rotor Side Converter (RSC), slip and constant V/Hz control scheme along with a
feedback control via PWM is selected but not explained in this paper.Based on the per-phase steady state
equivalent circuit model of a DFIG, relationship between stator and rotor voltages is developed. Voltage
oriented decoupled control scheme for GSC is designed in such a way that it can keep the dc link voltage
constant by regulating grid reactive power when required. The space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is
explained breifly and implemented for the two-level GSC. MATLAB/SIMULINK (R2015a) software validates
the proposed control scheme for GSC.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
PSO and SMC based Closed Loop V/F Control of AC Drive using SVPWMIRJET Journal
This document proposes a particle swarm optimization and sliding mode control scheme for V/F control of an induction motor drive. Space vector pulse width modulation is used to control the motor voltage and frequency, reducing total harmonic distortion. Particle swarm optimization is used as the main controller, while sliding mode control provides stability without requiring precise system knowledge. Simulation results in MATLAB validate the effectiveness of the proposed control system in controlling motor speed, current, and torque.
1.firefly algorithm based reactive power control of an isolated wind diesel h...EditorJST
This work proposes the reactive power control of an isolated hybrid power system. The system consists of a synchronous generator incorporated for diesel engine system, induction generator incorporated for the wind energy conversion system. In order to minimize the surplus reactive power requirement of the system, FACTS device SVC is employed in the system. For a robust voltage control of the system, controllers of proportional and integral type have been incorporated for AVR of the excitation system of the synchronous generator and SVC. The controller parameters are optimized using firefly algorithm (FA). The dynamic response of the system has been tested for different degrees of load disturbances plus variable nature of the wind system.
Modeling and control of double star induction machine by active disturbance r...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper aims to contribute to the modeling and control of the double star induction machine (DSIM) by a robust method called active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The ADRC has become in the last decade one of the most important techniques of regulation. This method is based on the use of an ESO (Extended State Observer) which estimates in real-time and at the same time the external disturbances and the errors due to the variations of the parameters of the machine and to the uncertainties of modeling. The two stators of DSIM are powered by three-phase inverters based on transistors and MLI control and the entire system is modeled in Park's reference. We analyze in the Matlab/Simulink environment the dynamic behavior of the system and the different ADRC controllers under different operating conditions. The result has demonstrated the performance and effectiveness of the ADRC.
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Similar to Double star induction machine using nonlinear integral backstepping control (20)
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
The document presents a new method for fault classification and direction discrimination in transmission lines using 1D convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs). A 132kV transmission line model is simulated to generate training and testing data for the 1D-CNN algorithm. The proposed 1D-CNN approach directly uses the voltage and current signals from one end as input, merging feature extraction and classification into a single learning process. Testing shows the 1D-CNN method accurately classifies and discriminates fault direction with higher accuracy than conventional neural network and fuzzy neural network methods under different fault conditions.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a battery energy storage system (BESS) with droop control to reduce frequency fluctuations in a multi-machine power system connected to a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant. The paper develops a droop control strategy for the BESS that incorporates a frequency error signal and dead-band. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC software show that the proposed droop control-based BESS can efficiently curtail frequency oscillations caused by fluctuations in PV power injection due to changing solar irradiance.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The document describes a proposed modified bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter (NSFCL) for distribution networks. The NSFCL consists of a bridge rectifier, two DC reactors (one small in series and one large in parallel), and an IGBT semiconductor switch controlled by a command circuit. During normal operation, the IGBT is on and the parallel reactor is bypassed, making the NSFCL invisible. During a fault, the IGBT turns off, inserting the parallel reactor to limit fault current. Simulation results showed the design effectively limits fault current while minimally affecting normal operation.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
This paper presents a new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converter suitable for low voltage and large current applications. Cascade connection enables very low voltage ratio without using very small duty cycles nor transformers. Large current with very low ripple content is achieved by using the multiphase technique. The proposed converter needs smaller number of components compared to conventional cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converters. This paper also presents useful analysis of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter with a method to optimize the phase and cascade number. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the basic performance of the proposed DC-DC buck power converter.
More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)
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Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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3. MODELLING OF THE DSIM IN (D-Q) REFERENCE
DSIM with the distribution of its windings and its own geometry is very complex to lend itself to an
analysis taking into account its exact configuration, it is necessary to adopt certain simplifying assumptions.
In addition to the hypotheses of the generalized machine, it will be assumed that the two stator three-phase
windings are balanced and identical (the six phases therefore have the same electrical characteristics) [1]-[3],
[11-12].
4. DIRECT FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL FOR DSIM
The principle of field Oriented Control strategy is to eliminate the coupling problem between the
two direct axes (d) and quadrature (q), which makes it possible to assimilate the asynchronous machine to an
independently excited DC machine as its main advantage to be easily controllable. Indeed, the inductor
current is a flux generator while the armature current is a torque generator. The FOC consists in making
φqr=0 while the rotor direct flux φdr converges to the reference φr* [3]-[5].
4.1. Complete model of DSIM
The Complete mathematical model of the Double star induction motor can be expressed in the (d-q)
synchronous rotating frame by the following nonlinear equations, Taking into account that the rotor of the
DSIM is short-circuited [1]-[3].
(1)
4.2. Reduced model
By applying the Field Oriented Control principle to the complete mathematical model (1), we put
(φqr=0 and φdr=φr) and the system of equation in (d,q) for the DSIM in reduced model become [1]-[3]:
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(2)
with: )
( r
s
gl
5. BACKSTEPPING CONTROL
The basic principle of backstepping control is to make closed loop systems equivalent to first-order
subsystems in cascade that are Lyapunov stability, This gives ensures robustness and asymptotic global
stability [2], [10], [11].
Our objective is to control the flux and speed variables, so we chose as intermediate variables, the
stator currents (ids1, iqs1, ids2, iqs2), to let them follow their references values defined by the “virtual controls”,
finally, we compute the stator voltages controls (Vds1,Vqs1,Vds2,Vqs2) required to let the “virtual controls”
converge to the desired values with regards to the stability of the associated Lyapunov function [6]-[8].
5.1. Application of nonlinear integral backstepping control to DSIM
In our work, we use Integral backstepping control by using both reduced and complete model of
oriented induction machine (1-2).
Our objective is to synthesize the expression of the control variables Vsd1,Vsd2 and Vsq1,Vsq2 to let the
state variables of the DSIM follow the desired references Figures 1, 2, and 3. By making a variables change,
the new ones are the errors between the set points and the state variables. This control is presented in six
steps shows in Figure 2, as we will show in this section [9].
5.2. Nonlinear integral backstepping control using the reduced model
In this part we use the reduced mathematical model (2) of the DSIM[9].
5.2.1.First step “Speed Loop”:
This first step consists in identifying the errors e1 which represent the error between real speed “ω”
and reference speed ‘ω*’, for the electrical speed “ωr”, we define the racking error as:
*
1
e
(3)
And their dynamics are given by:
*
1
e
(4)
)
( 2
1
*
s
q
s
q
qs
i
i
i
Then the error dynamical equations are:
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*
1 7 1 2 8 9
( )
dr qs qs r
e b i i b b
2
1
1
1
2
1
)
( e
e
V (5)
Its derivative is: 1 1
1 1
( )
V e e e
*
1 1 1 7 1 2 8 9
( ) ( ( ) )
dr qs qs r
V e e b i i b b
(6)
*
* 9 8 1 1
7
r
qs
r
b b C e
i
b
(7)
With C1 is a positive constant.
The derivative of the Lyapunov function becomes: 2
1 1 1 1
( ) 0
V e c e
Since the current iqs is not a control input and is only one variable of the system with its own dynamics. We
will use it to introduce the integral action, so we choose the desired dynamic behavior of the virtual control
’iqs*’ as following:
*
* 9 8 1 1
1 1
7
r
qs
r
b b C e
I x
b
(8)
with λ1 is positive constant and
0 1
1
)
( d
e
x
is the integral action brought in accordance with the
following error "e”. By introducing this integral in the virtual control, we ensure the convergence of tracking
error to zero in steady state shows in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Integral action backstepping diagram
5.2.2.Second step “iqs1 Current Loop”:
For this step, our goal is the replacement of the virtual current control by computing
control voltages.
We define the error of the (q) axis component of the stator current and its reference:
1
*
2 S
q
qs
i
I
e
(9)
The derivative is written as:
* *
2 1
qS qS
e I i
(10)
*
2 1 1 3
/
qs qs
e I V b
With: 3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1 / b
d
a
i
aa
i
b
a
i
b r
ds
ds
qs
2
2
2
2
2
1
)
( e
e
V (11)
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Its derivative is: 2 2
2 2
( )
V e e e
*
2 2 2 1 1 3
( ) ( / )
qs qs
V e e I V b
(12)
For a negative error derivative e2, we must choose as the first control voltage:
*
*
1 1 2 2 3
( )
qs qs
V I C e b
.
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 0
V e C e
With C2 is a positive constant.
5.2.3.Third step “iqs2 Current Loop”:
We define the tracking error as:
*
3 2
qs qs
e I i
(13)
The derivative is written as:
*
3 2
qs qs
e I i
(14)
*
3 2 2 3
/
qs qs
e I V b
With:
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
4
2 /
)
( b
d
a
i
aa
i
b
a
i
b r
ds
ds
qs
2
3
3
3
2
1
)
( e
e
V (15)
Its derivative is:
3 3
3 3
( )
V e e e
*
3 3 3 2 2 3
( ) ( / )
qs qs
V e e I V b
(16)
For a negative error derivative e2, we must choose as the second control voltage.
* *
2 2 3 3 3
( )
qs qs
V I C e b
2
3 3 3 3
( ) 0
V e C e
With C3 is a positive constant.
5.2.4. Step four “φdr Flux Loop”:
We define the tracking error as:
*
4 r dr
e
(17)
And its derivative with respect to time leads to:
*
4 r r
e
(18)
*
4 4 5 1 2 6
( )
r ds ds r
C e b i i b
*
1 2
( )
ds ds ds
i i i
*
*
4 4 5 6
( )
r ds r
C e b i b
*
* 6 4 4
5
r r
ds
b C e
i
b
(19)
with C4 is a positive constant.
The derivative of the Lyapunov function becomes:
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2
4 4 4 4
( ) 0
V e C e
We choose the desired dynamic behaviour of the virtual control ids* as following:
*
* 6 4 4
2 2
5
r r
ds
b C e
I x
b
(20)
With λ2 is positive constant and
0 4
2
)
( d
e
x is the integral action brought in accordance with the
following error ‘’e’’ By introducing this integral in the virtual control, we ensure the convergence of the
tracking error to zero in steady state.
5.2.5.Step five “ids1 Current Loop”:
*
5 1
ds ds
e I i
(21)
Its derivative is written as:
*
5 1
ds ds
e I i
(22)
*
5 3 1 3
/
ds ds
e I V b
.
With:
2
5 5 5
1
( )
2
V e e
(23)
Its derivative is
* *
5 5 5 3 1 3
( ) ( / )
ds ds
V e e I V b
(24)
For a negative error derivative e5, we must choose as the Third control voltage
*
*
1 3 5 5 3
( )
ds ds
V I C e b
2
5 5 5 5
( ) 0
V e C e
With C5 is a positive constant.
5.2.6.Step Six “ids2 Current Loop”:
*
6 2
ds ds
e I i
(25)
Its derivative is written as:
*
6 2
ds ds
e I i
(26)
*
6 4 1 3
/
ds ds
e I V b
With: ]
)
(
(
[ 2
2
1
1
1
6
2
1
5
1
2
4
4 qs
qs
r
ds
ds
ds i
b
a
i
aa
b
i
i
b
d
i
b
2
6
6
6
2
1
)
( e
e
V
(27)
Its derivative is:
* *
6 6 6 4 2 3
( ) ( / )
ds ds
V e e I V b
(28)
For a negative error derivative e5, we must choose as the fourth control voltage
*
*
2 6 6 6 3
( )
ds ds
V I C e b
3
2
1
1
2
1
6
2
1
5
1
1
1
3 /
]
)
)
(
(
[ b
i
aa
i
b
a
b
i
i
b
d
i
b qs
qs
r
ds
ds
ds
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2
6 6 6 6
( ) 0
V e C e
With C6 is a positive constant.
5.3. Nonlinear Integral Backstepping Control Using Complete Model
In this part we use the complete mathematical model of the DSIM.
5.3.1.First Step “w Speed Loop”:
This first step consists in identifying the error ‘e1’which represent the error between real speed ω
and reference speed ω*.
*
1
e
(29)
(30)
2
1
1
1
2
1
)
( e
e
V (31)
Its derivative is: 1 1
1 1
( )
V e e e
2 2
*
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
( ) [ ( )( ) ( )( ) ].
q s q s dr d s d s q r r
P P P fc
V e e d i i d i i Cr
J J J J
(32)
*
1 2
( )
qs qs qs
i i i
* 2
*
1 1 2 1 1 2
( )
( )( ) m r
qs d s d s qr r r
m dr
J L L
P P fc
i w d i i C k e
J J J P L
We will use iqs* to introduce the integral action, so we choose the desired dynamic behaviour of the virtual
control” Iqs*” as following: 3
3
*
*
x
i
I qs
qs
With k1 is a positive constant
5.3.2.Second Step “iqs1 Current Loop”:
The Replacement of the virtual current control by computing control voltages, we define the error of
the (q) axis component of the stator current and its reference:
*
2 1
qs qs
e I i
(33)
Its derivative is written as:
*
2 1
qs qs
e I i
(34)
*
2 5 1
qs qs
e I V
with: 5 1 1 1 2 1
( ) [( ) ( ) ]
qr
s sq s s sd ds dr
d
R i d L a i ai d
dt
*
2 1 1 1 1 1
( ) [( ) ( ) ]
qr
qs qs s qs s s ds ds dr
d
e I V R i d L a i ai d
dt
2
2
2
2
2
1
)
( e
e
V
(35)
Its derivative is: 2
2
2 2
( )
V e e e
and
*
2 2 2 5 1
( ) ( )
qs qs
V e e I V
(36)
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For a negative error derivative e2, we must choose as the first control voltage.
*
*
1 5 2 2
( )
qs
qs
V I k e
2
2 2 2 2
( ) 0
V e k e
With k2 is a positive constant.
5.3.3.Third Step “iqs2 Current Loop”:
We define the tracking error as:
*
3 2
qs qs
e I i
(37)
The derivative is written as:
*
3 2
qs qs
e I i
(38)
*
3 6 2
qs qs
e I V
with
6 2 1 2 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
qr
s qs s s ds ds dr
d
R i d L a i ai d
dt
2
3
3
3
2
1
)
( e
e
V (39)
Its derivative is: 3 3
3 3
( )
V e e e
*
3 3 3 6 2
( ) ( )
qs sq
V e e I V
(40)
For a negative error derivative e3, we must choose as Second control voltage:
* *
2 3 3 6
qs qs
V I k e
0
)
( 2
3
3
3
*
3
e
k
e
V With k3 is a positive constant.
5.3.4.Step Four “φdr Flux Loop”:
We define the tracking error as:
*
4 dr dr
e
(41)
And its derivative with respect to time leads to:
*
4 dr dr
e
(42)
*
4 5 1 2 6
( ) ( )
dr ds ds rd gl qr
e b i i b
We make:
)
( 2
1
*
ds
ds
ds
i
i
i
*
4 4
5
1 1
ds r gl q r d r
m
i k e
b L
With k4 is a positive constant.
The derivative of the Lyapunov function becomes: 2
4 4 4 4
( ) 0
V e k e
We choose the desired dynamic behavior of the virtual control ids* as following:
4
4
*
*
x
i
I ds
ds
(43)
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With λ4 is positive constant and
0 4
4
)
( d
e
x is the integral action brought in accordance with the
following error "e”. By introducing this integral in the virtual control, we ensure the convergence of the
tracking error to zero in steady state.
5.3.5.Step five “ids1 Current Loop”:
1
*
5 ds
ds
i
I
e
(44)
Its derivative is written as:
*
5 1
ds ds
e I i
(45)
*
5 7 1
ds ds
e I V
with: 7 1 1 1 2 1
( ) [( ) ( ) ]
dr
s d s s s qs qs qr
d
R i d L a i ai d
dt
2
5
5
5
2
1
)
( e
e
V (46)
Its derivative is:
2
5 5
5
1
( )
2
V e e
*
*
5 5 5 7 1
( ) ( )
ds ds
V e e I V
(47)
For a negative error derivative e5, we must choose as the third control voltage
* *
1 7 5 5
ds ds
V I k e
2
5 5 5 5
( ) 0
V e k e
With k5 is a positive constant.
5.3.6.Step Six “ids2 Current Loop”:
2
*
6 ds
ds
i
I
e
(48)
Its derivative is written as:
*
2
6 ds ds
e I i
(49)
*
6 2 8
ds ds
e I V
With: 8 2 1 2 1 1
. [( ) . . ]
dr
s d s s s qs qs qr
d
R i d L a i a i d
dt
2
6
6
6
2
1
)
( e
e
V (50)
Its derivative is: 6 6
6 6
( )
V e e e
*
*
6 6 6 8 2
( ) ( )
ds ds
V e e I V
(51)
For a negative error derivative e5, we must choose as fourth control voltage
*
2 8 6 6
( )
ds ds
V I k e
2
6 6 6 6
( ) 0
V e k e
With k6 is a positive constant.
5.3.7.Step seven “φqr Flux Loop”:
qr
qr
e
*
7
(52)
Its derivative is written as:
*
7 qr qr
e
and
*
*
7 7 5 1 2 6
[ ( ) ]
qr qs qs qr gl dr
k e b i i b
(53)
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2
7
7
7
2
1
)
( e
e
V (54)
2
7 7 7 7
( ) 0
V e k e
With k7 is a positive constant.
We choose as seven control vector as:
*
*
5 1 2 6 7 7
1
[ ( ) ]
qr
gl ds ds qr
dr
b i i b k e
0
)
( 2
7
7
7
*
7
e
k
e
V With k7 is a positive constant.
* *
1 7 5 5
( )
ds ds
V I k e
* *
2 8 6 6
( )
ds ds
V I k e
* *
1 5 2 2
( )
qs qs
V I k e
* *
2 6 3 3
( )
qs qs
V I k e
.
Figure 2. Backstepping diagram of double star Induction machine (DSIM) using Complete Model
6. SIMULATION RESULTS (ON LOAD)
The effectiveness of the Integral Backstepping control applied to DSIM with both complete and
reduced models has been validated by numerical simulation (Matlab Simulink),With application of resistant
torque of (10Nm) at t=[1.5 2.5], the DSIM has the same behavior for both models in the load test with good
rejection of disturbance in the graph of the rotor speed, The direct and quadrature rotor fluxes (φdr, φqr) and
the two stator currents of axis (d-q) stabilize to theirs reference values.
7. RESULTS DISCUSSION
The rotor speed follow very well its reference value with a good rejection of disturbance even with
the application of the load due to the backstepping regulation, and the integral action allowed us to maintain
the static error at a value of zero Figures 3, 4, and 7.
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Figure 3. Reduced model performance
Figure 4. Complete model performances
7.1. Robustness Test
In this part we have increase the rotor resistance by application of the load (Rr=2xRrn) at time
t =[1.5-2.5] sec in order to verifying the robustness of non-linear Integral Backstepping regulation under
DSIM parameters variations, Figures 5-6 shows the responses of different variables states.
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Figure 5. Reduced model robustness test with
(Rr=2xRrn)
Figure 6. Complete model robustness test with
(Rr=2xRrn)
Figure 7. Static error with a reference speed (100 rad/sec)
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7.2. Discussion of Robustness Test Results (Rr=2xRrn)
Reduced model test shown in Figure 5 prove that the decoupling between the Flux And the Torque
is lost and the static error has appear because of the simplification adopted in field oriented control who
makes (φqr=0) and renders this model incapable of adapting to the change of internal parameters.
Complete model test shown in Figure 6 responded well to the change of the internal parameter Rr,
because, the expression of ‘ωgl’ in the complete model is derived from the regulation loop with backstepping
using the ‘φqr flux loop’, that’s allowing to take into consideration the variation of ‘φqr’ which depend to ‘Rr’
and ωgl with: (ωgl=ωs-ωr) (1), intervenes so as to maintain this coupling constant.
8. CONCLUSIONS
Several researchers based on the reduced model of the double-star asynchronous machine in their
works, in this paper we presented a nonlinear integral backstepping of the DSIM based on field oriented
control principle followed by a comparative robustness test between reduced and complete models of DSIM.
Firstly we saw that the non linear integral backstepping control of the DSIM gave satisfactory results in
comparison with the PI vector regulator in terms of response time, static error and disturbance rejection, we
can see also that the integral action in Figures 1-7 allow us to highly reduce the static speed error.
In the analysis of the results of the empty and load test, with the nominal parameters we obtained
satisfactory and quasi identical simulation results for the two models. But the results of the robustness test
obtained, proved the high performance by using complete model in control against the reduced model, it can
be seen that all the state vectors converged to their desired real values in Figures 5 and 6 with a total
rejection of disturbance and maintaining of the decoupling between the flux and the torque. We already know
that the internal parameters and especially the rotor resistance in practice increases during operation of the
machine and if we looking for a model that corresponds to the DSIM in real operation of course with the
simplifications already quoted in ‘paragraph 3’, This leads us to opt for the complete model.
NOMENCLATURE
s: Index Stator.
r: Index Rotor.
Vds1, Vqs1, Vds2, Vqs2: Stator voltages d–q axis components.
ids1, iqs1, ids2, iqs2: Stator currents d–q axis components.
Rs1, Rs2: Stators resistances.
φdr, φqr: Rotor flux d–q axis components.
Rr, Rrn: Rotor resistance, nominal resistance
Ls1, Ls2: Stators inductances.
Lr: Rotor Inductance.
Lm: Mutual inductance.
a) Reduced Model Constants are: C1=C4=C6=10 000, C2=C3=C5=1000, λ1=0.698, λ2=10.
b) Complete Model Constants are: k1=1500, k2=k3=3000, k4=20 000, k5=K6=k7=1000, λ3=0.001, λ4=0.1.
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ωs: Speed of the synchronous
reference frame.
ω: Rotor electrical angular speed.
ωgl: Slip frequency.
J: Moment of inertia.
P: Number of pole pairs.
Ω: Mechanical speed.
Tem or Ce: Electromagnetic torque.
Tl or Cr: Load torque.
fc: Friction coefficient.
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40
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APPENDIX
P=4.5W, V=220v, I=6.5A, Wn=2840 rpm, Rr=2.12 Ω, Ls1=Ls2=0.011H, Rs1=Rs2=1.86 Ω,
Lr=0.274H, Lm=0.3672H, P=1, J=0.0625kg.m2
, fc=0.008N.m.s/rd.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Abdallah Abden was born in Bechar (Algeria), on August 8, 1980. He received Electrical
engineering degree, and Master II degree in Bechar University, Bechar, Algeria, in 2006 and
2013 respectively, Currently he is a PHD student at the same university; he is a member of
Control analysis and optimization of Electro-energy systems laboratory. His main research
activity is focused on control, observer and estimator of electric machine drive
systems.Professional e-mail: abdenabd08@gmail.com
Abdelkrim Boucheta was born in Bechar, Algeria, in 1971. He received his BS degree and M.S.
degree in electrical engineering from the Electrical Engineering Institute of the University Center
of Bechar, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. He received the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering
from the University of Djilali Liabes Sidi-Belabbes (Algeria), in 2010, He is currently Professor
of electrical engineering at University of Bechar, His areas of interest are modern and adaptive
control and their application in linear electric drives control.
Othmane Boughazi was born in Bougtob, El-Bayadh, Algeria, in 1977. He received the Engineer
degree in Electro-technic, and the Magister degree from Bechar University, Bechar, Algeria, in
2006 and 2010 respectively. He received the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the
University of Bechar (Algeria), in 2016.His main research activity is focused on electric machine
drive systems, power electronics and Process control.
Professional e-mail: othmaneboughazi@yahoo.fr
Azeddine Baghdadi was born in BECHAR (Algeria), on November 26, 1990. He received
Electrical licence and master degree in 2012 and 2014 respectively. Currently he is a PHD
student at university of Sidi-bel-abbes; He is a member of Control and Electrical Power System
Laboratory, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes. His areas of interest are electrical machines drives,
process control, estimation and observation techniques to electrical drive systems.
E-mail: azeddine.beghdadi@yahoo.fr.
Bouserhane Ismail Khalil was born in Bechar, Algeria, in 1976. He received his BS degree in
electrical engineering from the Electrical Engineering Institute of the University Centre of
Bechar in 2000.He received the M.S. degree and the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from
the University of Sciences and Technology of Oran (Algeria), in 2003 and 2008, respectively,
He is currently Professor of electrical engineering at University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria. His
areas of interest are modern control techniques and their application