Industrial automation involves using computers and programmable controllers to control manufacturing processes. This increases productivity, quality and safety while reducing costs. Automation uses sensors to collect input data, transmitters to convert it to electrical signals, and control systems like PLCs, DCSs and PID controllers to process the signals. Output devices like actuators then control machines based on the electronic instructions. PLCs in particular have replaced mechanical relays and are now widely used in industrial control applications across various industries. They allow flexible programming to monitor processes and adjust operations as needed.

1. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
 Submitted By:- Mitali Choudhary
B-Tech , VII Sem.
Electronics And Communication

2. AUTOMATION
Making products under the control of
computers and programmable controllers is
known as “INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION”.
Manufacturing assembly lines as well as
stand alone machine tools (CNC machines)
and robotic devices fall under this category.

3. Automation is delegation of human control
functions to technical equipments for increasing
productivity, better quality, increasing safety in
working conditions reducing manpower and cost

4. Different Components Used In
Automation:-
Sensors for sensing the input parameters
Transmitters for transmitting the raw signal in
electrical form
Control system which include PLC,DCS and
PID controllers
Output devices such as actuators, drives,
control valves, solenoid valves, coils,
indicating lamps.

5. Different Control Systems
Used In Automation:-
PID controller based controller system
PLC based control system
DCS based control system
PC based automation system

6. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER:-

7. INTRODUCTION:-
A PLC is a solid state/computerized
industrial computer that performs
discrete or sequential logic in a factory
environment.
It was originally developed to replace
mechanical relays, timers, counters and
other such devices.

8. Photograph of PLC-

9. ARCHITECTURE OF A PLC:-
A typical PLC can be divided into four
components:
 Processor Unit
 Power Supply
 Input / Output Section
 The Programmable Device

10. Functional Diagram Of PLC:-

11. 1)Input Discrete –On / Off Type
Pushbuttons
Switches
Limit Switches
Selector Switches
Proximity Sensors
Photo-electric Sensors
2)Input Devices-Analog
Resistance Temperature Detectors
Thermocouple

12. Input Module
The input module performs task
electronically as:
Determines the presence or absence of
input
Converts input signal to a DC level
useable PLC
Provides electronic isolation between
input signal and PLC

13. OUTPUTS:-
 PLC output devices can usually be:
Solenoids
Relays-AC or DC powered
Contactors
Motor-Stators
Indication Lights
Valves
Alarms

14. PROCESSOR,CONTROLLER
OR C.P.U. :-
Stores the control program and data in its
memory.
Reads the status of connected input
devices.
Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
Executes the control program.
Commands connected to output to change
state based on program execution.

15. WORKING OF PROCESSOR:-
For any execution of program, processor
has to scan the entire program. Scan
cycle consists of-
1) Input Scan: Detects the state of all
input devices that are connected to the
PLC.
2) Program Scan: Executes the user
created program logic.
3) Output Scan: Energizes or de-
energizes all output devices that are
connected to the PLC.
4) Housekeeping: This includes
communications with programming
terminals, internal diagnostics etc.

16. PLC SCAN-CYCLE

17. PLC PROGRAMMING-

18. APPLICATIONS OF PLC
PLC’s are used successfully to execute
complicated control operations in a plant.
Its purpose is to monitor crucial process
parameters and adjust process operations
accordingly.
A sequence of instructions is programmed by
the user to the PLC memory and when the
program is executed ,the controller operates
a system to the correct operating
specifications.

19. In Brief:-
It is used for any application in industry that
requires electrical control.
Packing – Bottling and Canning
Material Handling – Machining
Power Generation – HVAC / building
automation
Security Systems – Automated Assembly
Paint Lines _ Water Treatment

20. It could be used in various
industries like:-
Cement Industry
Automation Industry
Chemicals Industry
Plastics Industry
Metals Industry
Paper Industry

21. Various Brands Of PLC:-
Allen Bradley USA
Siemens Germany
Modicon France
Mitshubishi Japan
GE Fanuc USA
Omron Japan

22. Advantages Of PLC:-
PLC Saves - By
Material Cost : Reduced wiring and
associated
Installation : Less Space
Troubleshooting : No moving parts-
rugged
Labour Cost : Possibility of
reprogramming

23. Value Added Benefits:-
Reliability
Flexibility
Advance Function
Communication
Speed
Diagnostics

24. SCADA-(SUPERVISORY CONTROL
AND DATA ACQUISITIONO)
Supervisory Control:-