What is vitamin D and why do you need it? What it does. Symptoms & Signs of Deficiency; Optimum blood levels. Latest research findings relating to vitamin D and health. What is the best supplement dose? Tolerable upper intakes. Toxicity.
The document discusses vitamin D, describing it as essential for health and important for numerous functions in the body. It outlines that vitamin D helps absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth, and supports immune function, mental health, and may lower risks of various diseases. It recommends getting vitamin D through moderate sun exposure or dietary supplements, and describes an optimal vitamin D blood level range.
This document discusses vitamin D, its natural sources, deficiency, and importance. It notes that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone and calcium health. While sunshine is the main natural source, few foods contain significant amounts. Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide and increases risk of bone abnormalities and other diseases. Deficiency can result from inadequate sun exposure, skin pigmentation, obesity, lack of nutritional intake, and other factors. At-risk groups include breastfed infants, older adults, those with limited sun exposure or dark skin, and the obese. Blood tests can identify deficiency which is treated through dietary sources and supplements.
Vitamin D is a steroid that is present in animals, plants and yeast. It is insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solutions. Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen, light and iodine. It is considered a prohormone because it is converted to the active form 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Vitamin D functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism by promoting their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones. It is necessary for bone development and growth. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, causing bowed legs and bone fractures, and osteomalacia in adults characterized by poor bone mineralization. Toxicity can result from long-
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in India. It provides the following key points:
1. More than 80% of adults in India do not get enough vitamin D, despite India's sunny climate, due to factors like skin pigmentation and low dietary intake.
2. The most common disorders caused by vitamin D deficiency in India are osteomalacia and rickets, which are bone diseases characterized by softening of the bones.
3. Good food sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, and fortified foods like milk, cereal and orange juice. However, dietary intake of vitamin D is still low for most Indians.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is produced in the body after exposure to sunlight. It has two major forms, vitamin D3 and D2. Vitamin D acts as a hormone by binding to vitamin D receptors in tissues like bone and intestine. It helps regulate calcium and phosphate absorption and bone remodeling. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and fractures. Sources include sunlight, fatty fish, and fortified foods. Toxicity from excess vitamin D causes hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is obtained through sunlight exposure and dietary sources like fatty fish and fortified foods. It plays an important role in bone and immune health by aiding in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Testing for vitamin D levels has increased in recent years due to research linking vitamin D deficiency to diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes and depression. While vitamin D shows promise for many health benefits, more research is still needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also obtained in smaller amounts from dietary sources. Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This active form works with parathyroid hormone to increase intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption, maintaining normal blood calcium levels and promoting bone mineralization. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children, causing skeletal deformities, and osteomalacia in adults, weakening bones.
Vitamin D deficiency causes the bone disease rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults. It is characterized by skeletal abnormalities and soft, weak bones. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption from the gut and deposition in bones. It is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and undergoes conversions in the liver and kidney to become active. Deficiency can be caused by lack of vitamin D in diet, sunlight exposure, kidney/liver disorders, or genetic factors. Symptoms depend on age and severity but include bone deformities, fractures, and radiological changes like widened growth plates. Treatment involves daily high dose vitamin D and calcium supplements.
The document discusses vitamin D, describing it as essential for health and important for numerous functions in the body. It outlines that vitamin D helps absorb calcium for strong bones and teeth, and supports immune function, mental health, and may lower risks of various diseases. It recommends getting vitamin D through moderate sun exposure or dietary supplements, and describes an optimal vitamin D blood level range.
This document discusses vitamin D, its natural sources, deficiency, and importance. It notes that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone and calcium health. While sunshine is the main natural source, few foods contain significant amounts. Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide and increases risk of bone abnormalities and other diseases. Deficiency can result from inadequate sun exposure, skin pigmentation, obesity, lack of nutritional intake, and other factors. At-risk groups include breastfed infants, older adults, those with limited sun exposure or dark skin, and the obese. Blood tests can identify deficiency which is treated through dietary sources and supplements.
Vitamin D is a steroid that is present in animals, plants and yeast. It is insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solutions. Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen, light and iodine. It is considered a prohormone because it is converted to the active form 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Vitamin D functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism by promoting their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones. It is necessary for bone development and growth. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, causing bowed legs and bone fractures, and osteomalacia in adults characterized by poor bone mineralization. Toxicity can result from long-
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in India. It provides the following key points:
1. More than 80% of adults in India do not get enough vitamin D, despite India's sunny climate, due to factors like skin pigmentation and low dietary intake.
2. The most common disorders caused by vitamin D deficiency in India are osteomalacia and rickets, which are bone diseases characterized by softening of the bones.
3. Good food sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, and fortified foods like milk, cereal and orange juice. However, dietary intake of vitamin D is still low for most Indians.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is produced in the body after exposure to sunlight. It has two major forms, vitamin D3 and D2. Vitamin D acts as a hormone by binding to vitamin D receptors in tissues like bone and intestine. It helps regulate calcium and phosphate absorption and bone remodeling. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and fractures. Sources include sunlight, fatty fish, and fortified foods. Toxicity from excess vitamin D causes hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is obtained through sunlight exposure and dietary sources like fatty fish and fortified foods. It plays an important role in bone and immune health by aiding in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Testing for vitamin D levels has increased in recent years due to research linking vitamin D deficiency to diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes and depression. While vitamin D shows promise for many health benefits, more research is still needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also obtained in smaller amounts from dietary sources. Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This active form works with parathyroid hormone to increase intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption, maintaining normal blood calcium levels and promoting bone mineralization. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children, causing skeletal deformities, and osteomalacia in adults, weakening bones.
Vitamin D deficiency causes the bone disease rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults. It is characterized by skeletal abnormalities and soft, weak bones. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption from the gut and deposition in bones. It is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and undergoes conversions in the liver and kidney to become active. Deficiency can be caused by lack of vitamin D in diet, sunlight exposure, kidney/liver disorders, or genetic factors. Symptoms depend on age and severity but include bone deformities, fractures, and radiological changes like widened growth plates. Treatment involves daily high dose vitamin D and calcium supplements.
The document discusses vitamin D, including its synthesis from sun exposure, its role in various bodily processes, and its potential health benefits. Key points include:
- Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained through food and supplements. It plays an important role in bone and immune health.
- Vitamin D receptors are found throughout the body and vitamin D has been shown to regulate gene expression, turning genes on and off. This may explain its wide-ranging effects.
- Studies suggest vitamin D may help reduce the risk of various cancers, heart disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and mental health conditions like depression. Optimal vitamin D levels are important
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin D is important for many bodily functions beyond bone health. It acts as a hormone and is involved in processes like calcium absorption and immune function. Sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, fish liver oils, egg yolks, and exposure to sunlight. Deficiencies can cause bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia and increase risk for various cancers and autoimmune diseases.
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that function as antioxidants. It has several important biological functions, including as an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and as a regulator of enzymes and gene expression. The main dietary sources of vitamin E include various oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. While vitamin E deficiency can cause neurological and muscular issues, the recommended daily intake helps prevent deficiency.
All About Vitamin D
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Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 by Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop. It acts as an antioxidant in the body and is important for immune and cell functions. Deficiency can cause anemia, poor balance, and muscle weakness. Symptoms of deficiency include shaky movements, aging spots on the skin, and sight problems. Deficiency is rare and mainly affects those over 55 years old in the U.S. Deficiency can be treated with a balanced diet, weekly injections, or supplements and resolved within a few weeks in children. Current research is exploring vitamin E's potential role in memory disorders and the elderly.
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone. It exists in two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), and is obtained through exposure to sunlight, dietary intake of oily fish, eggs, and vitamin D fortified foods. The liver converts vitamin D to calcidiol which is then converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and muscle weakness.
This document discusses vitamin D, including its forms, functions, metabolism, and deficiency/toxicity. Some key points:
- Vitamin D exists in two forms, D2 and D3. D3 is produced in the skin upon sun exposure and converted to its active form in the liver and kidneys.
- Its active form, calcitriol, regulates calcium and phosphorus levels by increasing their absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in kidneys. It also mobilizes calcium from bones.
- Deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults due to impaired bone mineralization. Toxicity leads to hypercalcemia which can damage soft tissues like kidneys.
Vitamin d in health and disease august 2020Khaled Saad
Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal health and the immune system. The document discusses vitamin D deficiency as an underrecognized problem, and summarizes evidence that vitamin D supplementation can reduce infections in children and may help prevent autoimmune disorders and childhood asthma. Vitamin D is involved in calcium regulation, bone growth, cell growth, and immune function. Deficiency has been linked to increased risk of various diseases while supplementation may decrease risk of some chronic conditions.
This document discusses vitamin D, including its sources, functions, deficiency, recommended intake levels, associated health conditions, investigations, and management. Key points:
- Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health but many people are deficient due to lack of sun exposure and inadequate dietary intake.
- Deficiency can lead to bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia as well as increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and falls in older adults.
- At risk groups include breastfed infants, older adults, those with limited sun exposure or darker skin, obese individuals, and pregnant/postmenopausal women.
- Testing vitamin D levels helps diagnose deficiency as insufficient levels below
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that must be metabolized to become biologically active. It plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, bone and muscle health, immune function, and the regulation of cell growth. The best indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, as it reflects vitamin D from dietary intake and sunlight exposure. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired bone mineralization and increased fracture risk.
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium levels and bone health. It is also involved in insulin regulation and may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infections. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults as well as increased risk of falls in older adults. Supplementation is recommended for those with inadequate sunlight exposure or dietary intake, with dosage depending on age.
Vitamin D is actually a hormone produced in the body through exposure to sunlight. It plays an important role alongside calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Women are more susceptible than men to osteoporosis due to diminished estrogen production after menopause. Vitamin D is found naturally in fatty fish and fish liver oils, and it is added to foods and supplements. The skin produces a precursor sterol that is converted to vitamin D through exposure to UV light.
The document discusses the four main fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on their structures, functions, food sources, deficiency diseases, and dietary recommendations. The fat soluble vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet as they are involved in many important processes in the body like vision, bone health, cell growth and blood clotting. Maintaining adequate levels of these vitamins is important for overall health.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It can be synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight or obtained from dietary sources. The liver and kidneys work to activate vitamin D into its functional form. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while toxicity in excess causes hypercalcemia and calcification of soft tissues.
1) Vitamin D is produced in the skin from sunlight exposure and is also obtained in small amounts from dietary sources like fatty fish.
2) In the liver and kidneys, vitamin D is activated to its biological form which acts to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body by increasing their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones.
3) Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, weak bones due to poor mineralization.
This document discusses vitamin E, including its structure, sources, roles in the body, health benefits, and deficiencies. Some key points:
- Vitamin E plays a role in maintaining health of tissues and can protect lungs from pollution. Major sources include sunflower seeds, almonds, and avocados.
- It has benefits such as reducing risks of cataracts, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and respiratory infections. High doses may improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control.
- Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues. Symptoms include anemia. Overdosing on high levels may cause side effects like nausea and interfere with absorption of vitamins A and K.
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal physiological functions. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for calcium absorption and bone health. It can be obtained through exposure to sunlight, certain foods like fatty fish, and fortified foods. A lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which are bone diseases characterized by softening and weakening of the bones.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children. It covers the sources and mechanisms of vitamin D, causes of rickets including nutritional deficiencies and genetic disorders, clinical features, investigations, and management. The key points are:
- Vitamin D is important for intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Deficiency can cause the bone disease rickets in children.
- Rickets is usually caused by nutritional vitamin D deficiency in breastfed infants without supplements. It can also be caused by genetic disorders that impair vitamin D metabolism.
- Clinical features include bone deformities, muscle weakness, fractures, and in severe cases, hypocalcemia. Radiographs show characteristic changes in the growth plates of long
The document discusses vitamin D, including its synthesis from sun exposure, its role in various bodily processes, and its potential health benefits. Key points include:
- Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained through food and supplements. It plays an important role in bone and immune health.
- Vitamin D receptors are found throughout the body and vitamin D has been shown to regulate gene expression, turning genes on and off. This may explain its wide-ranging effects.
- Studies suggest vitamin D may help reduce the risk of various cancers, heart disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and mental health conditions like depression. Optimal vitamin D levels are important
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
Vitamin D is important for many bodily functions beyond bone health. It acts as a hormone and is involved in processes like calcium absorption and immune function. Sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, fish liver oils, egg yolks, and exposure to sunlight. Deficiencies can cause bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia and increase risk for various cancers and autoimmune diseases.
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that function as antioxidants. It has several important biological functions, including as an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and as a regulator of enzymes and gene expression. The main dietary sources of vitamin E include various oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. While vitamin E deficiency can cause neurological and muscular issues, the recommended daily intake helps prevent deficiency.
All About Vitamin D
Follow me on SlideShare ,Follow on blogger.com and linkedIn...
https://www.slideshare.net/YashLodha11/vitamin-d-247723886/edit?src=slideview
https://www.linkedin.com/in/yash-lodha-047728211/
https://www.blogger.com/blog/posts/2577104637130363155
Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 by Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop. It acts as an antioxidant in the body and is important for immune and cell functions. Deficiency can cause anemia, poor balance, and muscle weakness. Symptoms of deficiency include shaky movements, aging spots on the skin, and sight problems. Deficiency is rare and mainly affects those over 55 years old in the U.S. Deficiency can be treated with a balanced diet, weekly injections, or supplements and resolved within a few weeks in children. Current research is exploring vitamin E's potential role in memory disorders and the elderly.
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone. It exists in two main forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol), and is obtained through exposure to sunlight, dietary intake of oily fish, eggs, and vitamin D fortified foods. The liver converts vitamin D to calcidiol which is then converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, deformed bones and muscle weakness.
This document discusses vitamin D, including its forms, functions, metabolism, and deficiency/toxicity. Some key points:
- Vitamin D exists in two forms, D2 and D3. D3 is produced in the skin upon sun exposure and converted to its active form in the liver and kidneys.
- Its active form, calcitriol, regulates calcium and phosphorus levels by increasing their absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in kidneys. It also mobilizes calcium from bones.
- Deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults due to impaired bone mineralization. Toxicity leads to hypercalcemia which can damage soft tissues like kidneys.
Vitamin d in health and disease august 2020Khaled Saad
Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal health and the immune system. The document discusses vitamin D deficiency as an underrecognized problem, and summarizes evidence that vitamin D supplementation can reduce infections in children and may help prevent autoimmune disorders and childhood asthma. Vitamin D is involved in calcium regulation, bone growth, cell growth, and immune function. Deficiency has been linked to increased risk of various diseases while supplementation may decrease risk of some chronic conditions.
This document discusses vitamin D, including its sources, functions, deficiency, recommended intake levels, associated health conditions, investigations, and management. Key points:
- Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health but many people are deficient due to lack of sun exposure and inadequate dietary intake.
- Deficiency can lead to bone diseases like rickets and osteomalacia as well as increased risk of cancers, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and falls in older adults.
- At risk groups include breastfed infants, older adults, those with limited sun exposure or darker skin, obese individuals, and pregnant/postmenopausal women.
- Testing vitamin D levels helps diagnose deficiency as insufficient levels below
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that must be metabolized to become biologically active. It plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, bone and muscle health, immune function, and the regulation of cell growth. The best indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, as it reflects vitamin D from dietary intake and sunlight exposure. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired bone mineralization and increased fracture risk.
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating calcium levels and bone health. It is also involved in insulin regulation and may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infections. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults as well as increased risk of falls in older adults. Supplementation is recommended for those with inadequate sunlight exposure or dietary intake, with dosage depending on age.
Vitamin D is actually a hormone produced in the body through exposure to sunlight. It plays an important role alongside calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Women are more susceptible than men to osteoporosis due to diminished estrogen production after menopause. Vitamin D is found naturally in fatty fish and fish liver oils, and it is added to foods and supplements. The skin produces a precursor sterol that is converted to vitamin D through exposure to UV light.
The document discusses the four main fat soluble vitamins: vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on their structures, functions, food sources, deficiency diseases, and dietary recommendations. The fat soluble vitamins are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet as they are involved in many important processes in the body like vision, bone health, cell growth and blood clotting. Maintaining adequate levels of these vitamins is important for overall health.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It can be synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight or obtained from dietary sources. The liver and kidneys work to activate vitamin D into its functional form. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while toxicity in excess causes hypercalcemia and calcification of soft tissues.
1) Vitamin D is produced in the skin from sunlight exposure and is also obtained in small amounts from dietary sources like fatty fish.
2) In the liver and kidneys, vitamin D is activated to its biological form which acts to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body by increasing their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones.
3) Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, weak bones due to poor mineralization.
This document discusses vitamin E, including its structure, sources, roles in the body, health benefits, and deficiencies. Some key points:
- Vitamin E plays a role in maintaining health of tissues and can protect lungs from pollution. Major sources include sunflower seeds, almonds, and avocados.
- It has benefits such as reducing risks of cataracts, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and respiratory infections. High doses may improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control.
- Deficiency can occur in premature infants and those with fat malabsorption issues. Symptoms include anemia. Overdosing on high levels may cause side effects like nausea and interfere with absorption of vitamins A and K.
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal physiological functions. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for calcium absorption and bone health. It can be obtained through exposure to sunlight, certain foods like fatty fish, and fortified foods. A lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which are bone diseases characterized by softening and weakening of the bones.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children. It covers the sources and mechanisms of vitamin D, causes of rickets including nutritional deficiencies and genetic disorders, clinical features, investigations, and management. The key points are:
- Vitamin D is important for intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Deficiency can cause the bone disease rickets in children.
- Rickets is usually caused by nutritional vitamin D deficiency in breastfed infants without supplements. It can also be caused by genetic disorders that impair vitamin D metabolism.
- Clinical features include bone deformities, muscle weakness, fractures, and in severe cases, hypocalcemia. Radiographs show characteristic changes in the growth plates of long
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble prohormones that are produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight. The two major forms are vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and promotes bone formation. Deficiency can cause rickets in children, characterized by soft and weak bones, and osteomalacia in adults. Rickets is treated with high doses of vitamin D orally or via injection to induce healing. Requirements are met by sunlight exposure or ingestion in foods like fortified milk. Too much vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia and symptoms like vomiting.
Vitamin D is vital for the body as it promotes calcium and magnesium absorption to support healthy teeth and bones. Adults need between 10-20 mcg of vitamin D daily, which can be obtained through 10-15 minutes of sun exposure three times per week, or from foods like fatty fish, fish liver oils, and fortified milk and cereals. Vitamin D is also available as a supplement. Research on vitamin D began in 1924 when it was found to prevent rickets, leading many countries to institute policies fortifying common foods like milk with this important vitamin.
The document discusses vitamin D, including that it is vital for healthy teeth and bones by promoting calcium absorption, daily requirements are 5-20 mcg depending on age, and the main source is sunshine. However, vitamin D is also found in some foods like fatty fish and fish liver oils, as well as fortified milk, cereal and supplements. The history of vitamin D research shows it was found to prevent rickets and many countries instituted fortifying foods like milk to increase intake.
Vitamina D in chiave Anti-aging- Amia- Spazio Nutrizione 2016Maurizio Salamone
Presentazione al congresso AMIA nell'ambito della kermesse "Spazio Nutrizione 2016" L'argomento Vit. D è stato affrontato in un ottica di salvaguardia della salute e modulazione del processo di invecchiamento. E' stato affrontato anche il rapporto tra la vitamina ormone e il sistema immunitario. Si è parlato di integrazione e trattamento delle carenze secondo le attuali linee guida italiane e internazionali.
Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and can cause many health issues. It is involved in calcium absorption and bone health. Deficiency leads to osteomalacia and rickets in children, and increases risk of fractures in adults. It may also play roles in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer prevention, autoimmune disease, pregnancy complications, muscle weakness, and mortality. Treatment involves dietary sources of vitamin D, supplementation, and sunlight exposure.
The document provides an overview of vitamin D, including its history, sources, functions, deficiency, testing, and effects on bones and teeth. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone mineralization, and deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets and osteomalacia, causing bone deformities and increased risk of fractures. The document discusses various forms of vitamin D, recommended intake levels, biomarkers used to indicate status, laboratory testing methods, and dental considerations related to vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for bone and muscle health. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight or obtained from dietary sources. The liver and kidneys work to activate vitamin D before it can be used by the body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults and is associated with increased risk of various diseases. Treatment of deficiency involves obtaining more vitamin D through diet, supplements, or sunlight exposure.
Mayrine Fraser, Service Development Project Manager, National
Osteoporosis Society, presentation slides from Osteoporosis Manchester 2016. Mayrine presentation was on Fracture Liaison Services. #osteomanchester16
Osteoporosis currently affects over three million people in
the UK with approximately 300,000 people suffering from
a fragility fracture each year.
As our national life expectancy increases so will the prevalence
of this chronic disease. With this, osteoporosis places a massive burden on the NHS in the UK.
Osteoporosis Manchester 2016 aims to provide understanding of the current challenges and issues in tackling this condition. It will
update participants on current and emerging treatment and
management strategies of the disease with specific case study sessions to provide practical ideas to take away from the meeting
This document discusses vitamin D, beginning with an overview that while vitamin D is called a vitamin, it acts more like a hormone in the body. It describes how vitamin D is synthesized in the skin and transported to tissues where its active form binds to receptors. It then summarizes several roles and physiological functions of vitamin D related to calcium homeostasis, bone and muscle health, and potential extraskeletal effects. Finally, it provides details on vitamin D production, metabolism, and biological function, showing how vitamin D is converted to its active form in the body and its role in various health processes.
Vitamin D Deficiency, by Dr. Mihir Adhikari Mihir Adhikari
Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It is caused by lack of vitamin D from diet and sun exposure. The body synthesizes the inactive form cholecalciferol from cholesterol in skin upon sun exposure and the active form calcitriol is produced in the kidneys. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Deficiency is highly prevalent in India due to low dietary intake and sun exposure. It is associated with many systemic disorders including musculoskeletal, autoimmune, cardiovascular and infectious diseases.
Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, can be produced in the skin upon exposure to UVB light or obtained in the diet. It plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Dietary requirements are minimal as the body can produce vitamin D3 in the skin, but certain groups like the elderly are at higher risk of deficiency. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by soft, weak bones and bone pain.
1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions like a hormone in the body.
2. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, while the biologically active form calcitriol is produced in the kidney.
3. Calcitriol regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood by increasing their absorption in the intestine and reabsorption in the kidney while also increasing calcium mobilization from bone. This helps maintain appropriate calcium homeostasis.
This document discusses vitamins, minerals, and water. It explains that vitamins and minerals regulate body functions and must be ingested daily through foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Dark leafy greens contain the most vitamins and minerals. Water carries nutrients through the body, regulates temperature, and prevents dehydration. We should drink half our body weight in ounces of water daily. The document then provides details on specific vitamins (A, D, E, K, C, B vitamins) and minerals, their functions, sources, deficiencies, and toxicities.
This market for vitamin D supplements is projected to reach $2.5 billion by 2020, growing at 11% annually. Currently, many vitamin D supplements have poor absorption in the body. A new product called SMART-D3 contains solubilized vitamin D3 in a highly bioavailable formulation as a dry powder capsule. It is the first product of its kind to provide fully bioavailable vitamin D3 in a convenient, once-daily capsule. Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and heart health, immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases.
Need of Vitamin D3 supplement | Buy Vitamin D3 in EuropeRufus Greenbaum
Eat vitamin rich food; try as much as u can in contact with sun and start taking Vitamin D3 Supplement http://greenvits.eu/ . Many Researches proved that Vitamin D3 Supplement have numerous good effects on our health and it fight against various serious chronic illness like depression, cancer and many more.
Buying vitamin D in Europe is also important Decision as many over the counter supplements contains 180 % more vitamin d then stated in there level.
Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill neonates. A study found serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were significantly lower in critically ill neonates compared to healthy newborns, with no correlation to disease severity except in pneumonia cases. The study recommended measuring 25-OH vitamin D levels in critically ill neonates and ensuring adequate maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and lactation, as well as vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants. Guidelines for treating vitamin D deficiency in children include daily or weekly high dose vitamin D supplementation for 4-8 weeks, followed by maintenance doses, while insufficiency is managed with biweekly or monthly lower dose supplementation.
Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide. It is important to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to assess vitamin D status, with levels below 30 ng/mL considered deficient. For children and adults who are deficient, treatment with high dose vitamin D is recommended for 8 weeks, followed by maintenance therapy. Supplementation of at least 400 IU of vitamin D daily is recommended for pregnant women to prevent deficiency. While sunlight exposure produces vitamin D, excess sun exposure should be avoided due to skin cancer risks.
Vitamin D is important for bone and immune system health. It is obtained through sun exposure and dietary sources. Vitamin D aids calcium absorption to strengthen bones and helps T cells activate to fight pathogens. Studies show vitamin D may reduce risks of multiple sclerosis, asthma symptoms, diabetes, heart disease, depression, and some cancers. Ensuring adequate vitamin D intake through diet and sun exposure can support overall health and wellness.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in children. It covers vitamin D metabolism, sources, benefits, and deficiency. Regarding deficiency, it defines it as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 20 ng/mL. Common causes include lack of sun exposure and low dietary intake. Signs and symptoms can include bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone deformities like rickets. Laboratory findings show low vitamin D levels while radiological findings reveal issues with bone mineralization. Prevention focuses on supplementation and treatment involves higher dose vitamin D, like 50,000 IU weekly for 8-12 weeks.
This document discusses vitamin D deficiency in children. It covers vitamin D metabolism, sources, benefits, and deficiency. Regarding deficiency, it defines it as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level below 20 ng/mL. Common causes include lack of sun exposure and low dietary intake. Signs and symptoms can include bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone deformities like rickets. Laboratory findings show low vitamin D levels while radiological findings reveal issues with bone mineralization. Prevention focuses on supplementation and treatment involves higher dose vitamin D, like 50,000 IU weekly for 8-12 weeks.
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various diseases. It is synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure and is also obtained through dietary sources. A history of vitamin D research is provided dating back to the 17th century. Sources of vitamin D and requirements are outlined. Deficiency can result in nonspecific symptoms and increase risks of various conditions like cancers, cardiovascular disease, respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, and mortality. Maintaining sufficient levels through diet and sun exposure is recommended.
This document discusses hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D deficiency). It covers the roles, metabolism, effects, risk groups, clinical presentation, screening, treatment, and guidelines regarding vitamin D levels. Some key points include:
- Vitamin D has important roles in bone health and many other body systems. It is obtained mostly from sun exposure and dietary sources.
- Deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, and is also linked to increased risk of various diseases. Risk groups include pregnant/breastfeeding women and those with limited sun exposure.
- Screening may be done in symptomatic patients or those at high risk. Treatment involves supplementation to reach/maintain sufficient vitamin D levels,
Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and mineral metabolism and is also involved in preventing many chronic diseases. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also obtained through dietary sources. Most cells in the body have receptors for vitamin D. Deficiency is linked to increased risk of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Adequate vitamin D levels can be maintained through sensible sun exposure, dietary sources like fatty fish, and supplementation.
Vitamin D deficiency is very common globally, including in Saudi Arabia where prevalence is around 90-95%. Vitamin D is important for bone and skeletal health and development during childhood, as it regulates calcium and phosphorus balance and bone mineralization. Beyond skeletal benefits, vitamin D has roles in reducing infection risk, autoimmune disease, asthma, COPD and cancer. Deficiency is diagnosed through blood tests measuring vitamin D levels, with normal being 30-100 ng/ml. Deficiency can cause rickets or osteomalacia and is often due to lack of sun exposure or intake of vitamin D sources like fortified foods. Prevention involves sun exposure, intake of vitamin D foods or supplements. Treatment requires high dose vitamin D
Eggs: Solutions to Vitamin D deficiency - Knowledge Day 2016Poultry India
Dr. Linda Browning discusses vitamin D deficiency as a global health issue and proposes that eggs can be a solution. At the end of the 19th century, rickets afflicted 90% of dead children in cities due to lack of vitamin D. While vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health, deficiency is also linked to increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders. The document outlines ways to increase vitamin D content in eggs through supplemental feeding of hens. Enriched eggs could help address widespread vitamin D inadequacy globally by providing a rich, affordable source through regular consumption.
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It is caused by insufficient vitamin D intake from food or sun exposure, impaired vitamin D absorption or metabolism. Symptoms include weakened, soft bones and muscle weakness. Diagnosis involves measuring blood levels of vitamin D and calcium. Treatment consists of high dose vitamin D supplementation.
The use-of-vitamin-d-in-clinical-practice-3rd finalJA Larson
Vitamin D has shown promise in treating or preventing various diseases based on phase II randomized controlled trials. For multiple sclerosis, two trials found that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to full multiple sclerosis in one trial, and found trends toward reduced lesions and improved outcomes in another. For cystic fibrosis, a trial found that a megadose of vitamin D significantly reduced mortality and improved lung function compared to placebo. For infant heart failure, a trial found that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved several measures of heart function. The document discusses potential mechanisms of action for vitamin D in these diseases.
1) Vitamin D deficiency can cause depression, especially in elderly populations, as vitamin D levels are linked to serotonin production and sun exposure.
2) Older adults and those who spend more time indoors are more prone to vitamin D deficiency as skin production decreases with age and indoor time limits sun exposure.
3) Overweight individuals need more vitamin D supplementation since body fat absorbs more of the vitamin, decreasing levels in blood circulation.
This document discusses vitamin D, including its functions, sources, daily requirements, deficiency, and management. Some key points:
- Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the intestine and supports bone mineralization. It is produced in the body after sun exposure or obtained through dietary sources like fish, liver, and eggs.
- Deficiency can cause rickets in children, characterized by bone deformities and growth issues. Adults may experience bone pain. Risk factors include limited sun exposure, obesity, and certain medications.
- Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features, radiological findings showing bone abnormalities, and biochemical testing showing low vitamin D and high alkaline phosphatase levels.
- Treatment for deficiency involves high dose vitamin
Vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency in children and adolescentsAzad Haleem
Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can occur in children and adolescents. The document discusses the forms and pathways of vitamin D in the body. Risk factors for deficiency include dark skin, limited sun exposure, exclusive breastfeeding, obesity, and genetic disorders. Deficiency can lead to rickets in children or osteomalacia. Diagnosis is made by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the blood. Treatment involves vitamin D supplementation, with dosage depending on age and severity of deficiency. Monitoring of vitamin D levels is important during and after treatment.
This document discusses osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, and their treatment with homeopathy. It begins with an overview of osteoporosis, defining it as a disease characterized by low bone mass. It then discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, prevention through maintaining calcium and vitamin D levels, and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency. The document outlines recommendations for treating vitamin D deficiency, factors that influence skin synthesis of vitamin D, and cautions for vitamin D supplementation. It concludes with discussing how vitamin D protects against radiation-induced damage and important points about using vitamin D therapeutically.
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Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
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In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
2. Dr Sarah Brewer
MSc (Nutr Med) MA (Cantab) MB BChir RNutr MBANT CNHC
I am a:
‒ Licenced UK Doctor
‒ Registered Nutritionist
‒ Registered Nutritional Therapist
‒ Media consultant
‒ Health journalist
‒ Author of over 60 health books
‒ Health blogger
This presentation explores the importance of vitamin D
3. What Is Vitamin D?
• The collective term for a group of fat-soluble vitamins
- Made in the skin on exposure to UV light
- Found naturally in very few foods
- Added to some fortified foods
- Available in supplement form
Vitamin D is one of the most commonly deficient
micronutrients in northern latitudes
DrSarahBrewer.com MyLowerBloodPressure.com ExpertHealthReviews.com
4. Dietary Sources
• Vitamin D2 is derived from plants
- mushrooms exposed to UV light, beans, peas, nuts, seeds
• Vitamin D3 is mainly derived from animals
- Oily fish (sardine, herring, mackerel, salmon, tuna)
liver, eggs, butter, fortified foods
- Recently identified in microalgae & some flowering plants
The average diet supplies 3mcg vitamin D per day
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5. Making Vitamin D3
• UVB sunlight acts on a cholesterol-
like molecule in the skin to create
inactive pre-vitamin D3
(cholecalciferol)
• This undergoes two further
reactions to produce the
biologically active vitamin D
(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
DrSarahBrewer.com MyLowerBloodPressure.com ExpertHealthReviews.com
You make some vitamin D3 in your skin on exposure to UV light
6. Making Vitamin D3
• Inactive 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the
form measured in blood tests
- Although inactive it is stable and has a
relatively long half-life of around 21 days
in healthy people
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D is converted
to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,
mostly in the kidneys, but also in
some other tissues (eg lungs,
prostate)
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7. Vitamin D3 Is Classed As A Hormone
• A hormone is made in one part of the
body and travels in the circulation to act
on other parts
• But pre-vitamin D3 is only made in the
skin when the UV index is greater than 3
• Earth is tilted - as you go further North or
South from the Equator, less direct
sunlight reaches the ground
• Vitamin D levels plummet during Autumn
and Winter
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8. Skin Synthesis
Many northern countries are covered by a ‘Vitamin D
winter’ for part of the year
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9. It’s A Cover-Up
• Vitamin D status is also low in
those who:
- habitually wear clothes that cover
most of their skin
- stay indoors most of the time
- always use high SPF sun screen
- have dark pigmented skin
NB Glass filters out most UVB rays
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10. Sun Screen
• Used properly, a sunscreen with a
sun protection factor of:
- SPF8 reduces pre-vitamin D3 production in
the skin by 95%
- SPF15 reduces pre-vitamin D3 production by
99%
• Tanning suggests enough UVB
radiation strikes the skin to
stimulate melanin and some
previtamin D3 synthesis
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11. Sun Bathing
• To balance adequate production of
previtamin D3 against skin cancer
risk:
- obtain 10 to 15 minutes sun exposure
to face, arms, hands and/or back
without sunscreen
- two or three times a week
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12. Excess Sun Depletes Vitamin D
• Not everyone produces previtamin D3
efficiently even when the sun shines
- 93 fit, healthy surfers in Hawaii
- 1 in 2 had low vitamin D status
- despite 29 hours sun exposure per week
• This is because excess sun causes
inflammation which breaks down
previtamin D3 before it is absorbed
Binkley N et al 2007. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(6):2130-5
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13. It’s An Age Thing
• The ability to synthesise pre-
vitamin D3 falls by at least half
between the ages of 20 to 80 yrs
• One study found that people
aged 62 to 80 years synthesised
four times less pre-vitamin D
than those aged 20 to 30 years
Heaney RP 2006 J Nutr 136 (4): 1123-1125
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14. Why You Need Vitamin D
• Normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus
• Normal blood calcium levels
• Maintenance of normal bones, teeth and muscle function
• Normal function of the immune system
• Normal growth and development of bone in children
• To reduce loss of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women
• To reduce the risk of falling associated with postural instability and
muscle weakness
• For normal cell division
• For immune function
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15. What Is An Optimum Blood Level?
Opinions vary, but the following is a general guide
• Vitamin D blood levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
- Deficiency: below 30 nmol/L (12 ng/ml)
- Insufficiency: 30 - 50 nmol/L (12 – 20 ng/ml)
- Adequate: 50 – 80 nmol/L (20 - 32 ng/ml)
- Optimum: > 80 nmol/L (> 32 ng/ml)
- Risk of toxicity: > 125 nmol/L (>50 ng/ml)
• NB A low 25-hydroxyvitamin D plus a raised
calcium suggests a parathyroid tumour
www.parathyroid.com
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16. Who Is Most At Risk Of Deficiency?
‒ Pregnant & breast-feeding women
‒ Breastfed infants (if mothers are deficient)
‒ Children under the age of 5 years
‒ People with dark skin
‒ Over 60s
‒ Those who are frail
‒ Those with limited sun exposure
‒ People with inflammatory bowel disease or
malabsorption
‒ Those with reduced appetite or poor diet
‒ Obese (as vitamin D is fat soluble, more is needed)
In other words, just about everyone!
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17. Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common
• In the UK, Public Health
England found low blood
vitamin D levels in:
- 22% of children aged 11 to 18
- 23% of adults aged 19 to 64
- 21% of adults aged ≥ 65
• In the US, the overall
prevalence of vitamin D
deficiency is 41.6%
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Forrest KY, Stuhldreher WL 2011 Nutr Res 31(1):48-54
18. Symptoms Of Vitamin D Deficiency
• Constipation
• Muscle weakness
• Irritability
• Depression
• Recurrent infections
- eg bacterial vaginosis, colds
• Muscle aches and pains
• Bone pain
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19. Signs Of Vitamin D Deficiency
• Poor growth & bone deformities in children (rickets)
• Softened bones in adults (osteomalacia)
• Loss of bone density (osteoporosis)
• Muscle weakness, falls, hip fracture
• Arterial calcification, hypertension
• Heart failure
Some cancers are associated with
low vitamin D levels
(lung, colon, rectum, breast, prostate, bladder)
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20. Vitamin D & Osteoporosis
• Meta-analysis of data
- 53 trials
- 91,971 older men and women
• Vitamin D plus calcium hip
fracture risk by 16%
• Vitamin D plus calcium
reduced the risk of any type
of fracture by 5%
Avenell A et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 (4):CD000227
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21. Growing Pains
• Vitamin D may protect against growing pains
- 33 children aged 5 – 12 years
- 25-hydrocyvitamin D levels below optimum at 39 nmol/l
- Pain intensity score 7.5
• After 3 months of vitamin D
supplements
- Vitamin D levels increased to 85 nmol/l
- Pain intensity reduced to 2.7
Morandi G et al 2014 J Bone Miner Metab 33(2):201-6
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22. Vitamin D & Type 2 Diabetes
• Meta-analysis of data
- 21 studies
- Over 76,000 people
• Low vitamin D levels associated with
a 62% increased risk of developing
type 2 diabetes
• Each 10 nmol/L in 25(OH)D levels
was associated with a 4% risk of
type 2 diabetes
Song Y et al. Diabetes Care. 2013 May;36(5):1422-8
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23. Vitamin D & Depression
• Meta-analysis of data
- 14 trials
- 31,424 people
• Those with the lowest
vitamin D levels were 31%
more likely to have
depression than those with
the highest level
Anglin RE et al. Br J Psychiatry 2013 202:100-7
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24. Vitamin D & Pregnancy Outcomes
• Meta-analysis of data
- 15 trials
- 2,833 pregnant women
• Vitamin D supplements the risk of:
- pre-eclampsia by 48% compared with
no intervention or placebo
- preterm birth by 64% compared to no
intervention or placebo
- low birthweight (below 2500g) by 60%
De-Regil LM et al Cochrane Database Syst rev 2016 (1):CD008873
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25. Vitamin D & The Common Cold
• Vitamin D levels inversely associated with
recent colds in
- 18,883 people in US aged 12 - 60
• Those with the lowest levels (< 25nmol/L)
- were 55% more likely to have had a recent cold
than those with the highest levels (≥75 nmol/L)
- 27% more likely for levels of 25-75 nmol/L
• The association between low vitamin D
levels and colds was:
- 5.6 fold stronger in people with asthma
- 2.3 times greater for people with COPD
Ginde AA et al 2009. Arch Intern Med 169(4):384-90
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26. Vitamin D & Asthma Severity
• Meta-analysis of data
- 9 trials involving 435 children, 658 adults
• Adding vitamin D to usual asthma
treatment for between 4 – 12 months
reduced the risk of:
- experiencing at least one severe asthma
attack requiring emergency treatment by
61% (from 6% down to below 3%)
compared with placebo
- Needing rescue therapy with oral steroids
by 37%
Martineau SR et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 (9):CD011511
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27. Vitamin D & Cancer
• Meta-analysis of data
- 14 studies
- over 25,000 women
• Women with high vitamin D levels were
significantly less likely to develop breast
cancer than those with low levels
- Every 10 ng/mL increment in vitamin D
level was associated with a 3.2%
reduction in breast cancer risk
• Vitamin D levels are low in 20% to 60% of
people with cancer at diagnosis
Wang D et al. Tumour Biol 2013 34(6):3509-17
28. Vitamin D & Longevity
• Research in eight countries
- over 26,000 adults aged ≥ 50
• Those with the highest vitamin D
levels were 57% less likely to die,
from any medical cause, during
the study durations than those
with the lowest levels
• Despite vitamin D3 levels varying
with country, sex, and season, the
association within each country
was remarkably consistent
Schottker B et al. BMJ. 2014 Jun 17;348:g3656
29. Optimising Vitamin D Intakes
• Spend some time out of doors
• Expose some skin to sun for 10- 15 minutes, 2 or 3
times a week
• Eat vitamin D3-rich foods
• Consider taking a vitamin D3 supplement
- Oral tablets
- Mouth sprays
- Skin creams
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30. How Much Vitamin D Do You Need?
• EU RDA is 5 mcg (200 IU)
• US DV is 10 mcg (400 IU)
- These values are based on old understandings relating
to calcium absorption and bones
• Public Health England recently advised:
- everyone in the UK should consider taking a vitamin D
supplement of 10mcg daily (400 IU) during autumn
and winter
• This is a minimum and may not be
sufficient for many people
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31. How Much Vitamin D Do You Need?
• 10 mcg (400 IU) to 25 mcg (1000 IU) is needed
to maintain vitamin D status during
winter
• The elderly may need more
• A US study found 100 mcg (4000 IU) was
needed to maintain vitamin D levels in all
older women
Talwar SA et al 2007. Am J Clin Nutr 86(6):1657-62
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32. Safety
• Both the EU & US suggest the same
tolerable upper intake level for
vitamin D3
This is 100mcg (4,000 IU) per day for adults
• Excess can lead to high calcium levels
with:
- demineralisation of bone
- kidney stones
- headache
- muscle weakness
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33. Selecting A Vitamin D Supplement
• Select a supplement that:
- Supplies vitamin D3 rather than D2
- Vitamin D3 maintains blood levels better than vitamin D2
- Is made to pharmaceutical standards known as
current good manufacturing practice - GMP or CGMP
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Houghton LA, Reinhold V 2006 Am J Clin Nutr 84(4):694-697
34. Do You Need A MultiVitamin?
My eBook is currently FREE as a PDF via
http://nutritionupdates.subscribemenow.com
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Tiredness … fatigue … dry skin … brittle
nails … recurrent infections … hair loss...
aches & pains ... hormone imbalances ...
What vitamins & minerals are you lacking?
35. Thank you for your attention
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