A brief review about the role of vitamin D in health and disease. Most of the content in these slides were taken from another author with some editing to custom it for the purpose of general physician workshop scientific material. Some figures were our own data in our hospital
All About Vitamin D
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vitamin d is one of the fat soluble vitamin on which there is great emphasis in the present scenario. it is present in breast milk in very minute amount so it is recommended that it must be supplemented right after birth to prevent it deficiency which in children can result in rickets. if not diagnosed and treated in time it may result in number of bony deformities . in adults besides oesteomalacia it is associated with n umber of non communicable diseases.
A brief review about the role of vitamin D in health and disease. Most of the content in these slides were taken from another author with some editing to custom it for the purpose of general physician workshop scientific material. Some figures were our own data in our hospital
All About Vitamin D
Follow me on SlideShare ,Follow on blogger.com and linkedIn...
https://www.slideshare.net/YashLodha11/vitamin-d-247723886/edit?src=slideview
https://www.linkedin.com/in/yash-lodha-047728211/
https://www.blogger.com/blog/posts/2577104637130363155
vitamin d is one of the fat soluble vitamin on which there is great emphasis in the present scenario. it is present in breast milk in very minute amount so it is recommended that it must be supplemented right after birth to prevent it deficiency which in children can result in rickets. if not diagnosed and treated in time it may result in number of bony deformities . in adults besides oesteomalacia it is associated with n umber of non communicable diseases.
the powerpoint help you to know the benefits of vitamin D3 and how we can use it to help the body to improve the immunity system and how we can measure it using some devices
Vitamin D3, methods of measurement and it's correlation with diabetes mellitu...ShaymaaMAlshareefi
Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder that has become increasingly prevalent. The number of people with diabetes is expected to increase from 285 million to 435 million people worldwide by 2030.
T2DM manifests as a result of insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, and b-cell failure. This lecture will explain the association between vitamin D3 & T2DM
Vitamin D, often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin," is a remarkable nutrient that holds a multitude of secrets. Beyond its well-known role in supporting bone health, vitamin D has been the subject of extensive scientific research, uncovering its profound impact on various aspects of human health. From its influence on the immune system and mental well-being to its potential in preventing chronic diseases, vitamin D continues to captivate researchers and health enthusiasts alike.
Similar to Vitamin d in health and disease august 2020 (20)
What’s New in the Diagnosis and Management of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy.
Distinguish IgE and non-IgE mediated aspects of cow’s milk allergy (CMA).
Review the clinical effects of formula in infants with CMA
To highlight the importance of Early Brain & Child Development (EBCD).
To recognize some valuable nutritive materials for the development of children’s brains.
The journey of low birth weight infant Khaled Saad
Previously known as ‘failure to thrive’ (FTT), also known as weight faltering
Infant or children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is significantly below that expected of similar children of the same age, sex and ethnicity
Can occur in both infants (< 1 year of age) and in children (> 1 year of age)
Distinguish IgE and non-IgE mediated aspects of cow’s milk allergy (CMA)
Review the clinical effects of extensively hydrolyzed formula in infants with CMA
The passage of gastric contents into the esophagus (GER) is a normal physiologic process that occurs in healthy infants, children. Most episodes are brief and do not cause symptoms, esophageal injury, or result in other complications. In contrast, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the reflux episodes are associated with complications such as esophagitis or poor weight gain.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
Vitamin d in health and disease august 2020
1. Vitamin D in health
and disease
Professor Khaled Saad,
MD, MSc, PhD
2. FIRST and LAST
• Vitamin D deficiency in several populations
remains an under-recognized clinical
problem, and its significance extends beyond
skeletal health to non-classical actions of
vitamin D, including a range of immune-
related diseases.
• There is solid evidence that vitamin D
supplementation can reduce the rates of
infections in pediatric populations.
• There is also growing evidence for a
beneficial role of supplementation in
preventing autoimmune disorders, and there
is promising data linking vitamin D
deficiency to increased rates of childhood
asthma and other allergic conditions.
4. Major milestones in the discovery of the origin
of vitamin D and nutritional rickets.
19191890
Sniadeck: discussed
the cure of rickets
and recommended:
“Take the children
out into the country
and deep them in the
dry open and pure
air” or at least
“exposure them to
Palm:
advocated
“sunbathing
to treat and
prevent
rickets
McCollum
concluded that
cod liver oil
contains a new
vitamin, called
vit D as vitamin
A, B and C
were already
known in 1922.
Huldschinsky
Rickets in
children can
be cured by
artificial UV
light (mercury
vapor lamp)
Windaus group
finally realized the
chemical syntheses
of the vitamin D
compounds,
confirming their
structures. Windaus
received a Novel
price in 1928
Vitamin D
192819221822
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. The term “Vitamin D” refers to a family
of related compounds biosynthesized from
cholesterol and ergosterol.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized
from 7-dehydrocholesterol in sun-exposed
skin and found naturally in animal
products such as eggs, fish and liver.
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is another
form of vitamin D synthesized by certain
fungi and is used in many supplements.
Vitamin D
Metabolism
10. (Ergocalciferol)
VITAMIN D2
(Cholecalciferol)
VITAMIN D3
*Found in plant life*Synthesized in the body
*Synthetically derived supplement*Naturally, derived supplement
*Moderately increases vitamin D levels
in the body
*Significantly increases vitamin D
levels in the body
*Alternative form appropriate for
vegetarians
*Recommended by experts for optimal
bone and immune support
Vitamin D Metabolism
11. • However, vitamin D3 is the preferred
form for humans as its bioavailability is
twice that of vitamin D2.
• After absorption from foods or
production in the skin, vitamin D is
stored as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in the
liver. When needed by the body, it is
then activated by the kidney to 1, 25-di
hydroxy vitamin D3.
• NB: A healthy liver and kidneys are
essential for optimum vitamin D status.
15. 1. Calcium metabolism (main function):
Vitamin D regulates Ca++ levels in the blood and tissues. A fall in
blood Ca++ stimulate active vitamin D production stimulates
Ca++ absorption from food + release of Ca++ from bones + renal
excretion of Ca++.
FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN D
16. 2.Essential for normal bone growth
during childhood (as it increases Ca++
absorption from foods + increases Ca++
deposition into the skeleton).
3.Integrated function with parathyroid
hormone in stabilization of Ca++ level in
blood.
4.Regulation of cell growth and
development (particularly WBCs and
epithelial cells).
17. PEOPLE AT
GREATER
RISK OF
DEVELOPING
VITAMIN D
DEFICIENCY
• Newborn infants: who are absolutely
breastfed require vitamin D supplements
because mother milk does not contain
significant levels of the vitamin.
• Lactating women: The serum concentration
of vitamin D and Ca++ falls rapidly.
• Dark-skinned and obese people.
• Patients with chronic liver disease or
malabsorption or parathyroidectomy.
18. Vitamin D Deficiency
SUBCLINICAL DEFICIENCY
1. Silent epidemic, Present in
approximately 30% to 50% of the
general population.
2. More prevalent in infants.
3. Often unrecognized by clinicians.
23. There are 2 strategies for administration of
vitamin D:
• Stoss therapy , vitamin D (300,000-600,000
IU) is administered orally or
intramuscularly as 2-4 doses over 1 day.
• The alternative strategy is oral daily
vitamin D3 with a minimum dose of 2,000
IU/day for a minimum of 3 months.
• Either strategy should be followed by daily
vitamin D intake of 400 IU/day if <1 year
old or 600 IU/day if >1 year old.
24. Muscular health
Vitamin D deficiency is
associated with:
◦ Diffuse muscle pain. Muscle
weakness predominantly in
the proximal muscle groups.
◦A reduction in performance
speed.
◦ Limb pain & impaired
physical function.
25.
26. Extra-skeletal Effects
*Regulation of cell growth and effects on immune
function:
• Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D
deficiency is associated with a decreased risk of
many chronic diseases: Multiple sclerosis,
hypertension, and cancer of the colon, breast, and
prostate.
• Some studies have shown that increasing vitamin D
intake decreases the risk of certain chronic diseases:
Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and
colon cancer.
27. Which of the following is not a function of vitamin D?
a) Lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes
b) Fast responses to increase calcium absorption with no
change in gene expression
c) Regulation of differentiation of adipocytes
d) Regulation of bone turnover
30. Affects of Vitamin D on
Brain Function
• Active form of Vitamin D is synthesized
and eliminated in the brain
• Numerous Vitamin D receptors in
cortical neurons, and glia
• Enzymes involved in metabolism of
Vitamin D also expressed in brain cells
• Metabolites of Vitamin D reported in
CSF
• Holmoy,T. & Moen,S.M. (2010). Assessing vitamin D in the central nervous system. Acta
Neurol Scand. 122: 88-92.
31. Vitamin D affects the
development of
neurons as well as
their maintenance
and survival.
32. Vitamin D
and the
Brain
• Influences brain development:
cell growth, neuronal
differentiation, axonal
connectivity, neurotransmitter
function, brain structure,
learning, memory.
• Crucial role in
neuroprotection,
neurotransmission and
neuroplasticity.
• Regulates catecholamine levels.
• Synthesizes acetylcholine,
serotonin and dopamine.
34. There is solid evidence that
vitamin D supplementation can
reduce the rates of infections in
pediatric populations. There is
also growing evidence for a
beneficial role of
supplementation in preventing
autoimmune disorders, and
there is promising data linking
vitamin D deficiency to
increased rates of childhood
asthma and other allergic
conditions.
38. FIRST and LAST
• Vitamin D deficiency in several populations
remains an under-recognized clinical
problem, and its significance extends beyond
skeletal health to non-classical actions of
vitamin D, including a range of immune-
related diseases.
• There is solid evidence that vitamin D
supplementation can reduce the rates of
infections in pediatric populations.
• There is also growing evidence for a
beneficial role of supplementation in
preventing autoimmune disorders, and there
is promising data linking vitamin D
deficiency to increased rates of childhood
asthma and other allergic conditions.