Dna Rna Protein Review
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DNA is copied through a process called DNA replication to produce two identical DNA molecules. During DNA replication, the complementary strand is synthesized based on base pairing rules where A pairs with T and G pairs with C. RNA is also synthesized from DNA through transcription. There are three main types of RNA - rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA - that help in the process of protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA and attaching to the ribosome. Proteins are then synthesized through translation of mRNA into amino acids based on the three-nucleotide codon-anticodon pairing on the ribosome.
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Mutations are changes to DNA that can alter genes and traits. There are two main types of mutations: point mutations, which change a single DNA nucleotide, and frameshift mutations, which add or delete nucleotides, altering the reading frame. Point mutations can be silent, changing no amino acids, missense, changing an amino acid, or nonsense, creating a stop codon. Frameshift mutations typically have larger effects by changing many amino acids downstream. Examples given are sickle cell anemia from a point mutation and cystic fibrosis from a frameshift deletion.
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This document discusses transcription, translation, and mutations. It explains that DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Transcription occurs when mRNA is produced using one DNA strand as a template. Translation occurs when the mRNA code is read by ribosomes to produce a protein. Mutations can occur during transcription or via external factors damaging DNA. Mutations result in substitutions, insertions, or deletions of DNA bases and can impact proteins and organism characteristics.
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2. Translation occurs in three stages - initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the ribosome and first tRNA bind to the mRNA start codon. Elongation adds additional amino acids one by one. Termination releases the finished protein.
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The document outlines the plans and objectives for AP Biology lessons during the week of January 25th through January 29th, 2016. The schedule includes notes on chapters 13 and 14 about transcription and translation on different days. Students are assigned to study figure 14.24 and there will be a quiz on transcription on February 1st. The document then reviews key concepts about transcription, including the three stages of initiation, elongation, and termination. It describes differences between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and how pre-mRNA is modified through capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before becoming functional mRNA in eukaryotic cells.
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3. Point mutations like substitutions, insertions, or deletions can potentially alter the genetic code and change the resulting protein sequence, but some changes may have no effect depending on redundancy in the genetic code.
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2) Transcription copies one DNA strand into mRNA which moves to ribosomes for translation. During translation, tRNAs match their anticodons to mRNA codons and add the corresponding amino acids.
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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. During transcription, a copy of mRNA is generated from DNA in the nucleus. This mRNA is then used as a template during translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm. During translation, ribosomes use the mRNA to assemble a polypeptide chain by linking amino acids specified by the mRNA codons. Three key events occur during translation - initiation, elongation, and termination to produce the final protein product.
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2) Transcription copies one DNA strand into mRNA which moves to ribosomes for translation. During translation, tRNAs match their anticodons to mRNA codons and add the corresponding amino acids.
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This document summarizes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) using complementary base pairing. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In translation, the mRNA is read by the ribosome, which uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to translate the mRNA codons into amino acids and assemble them into a polypeptide chain. Although all cells contain the same DNA, gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels, allowing different proteins to be produced in different cell types.
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The document discusses protein synthesis, which involves transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves RNA polymerase making an mRNA copy of a gene from DNA. The mRNA then undergoes processing and modification before being exported to the cytoplasm. Translation happens in the cytoplasm using ribosomes, where the mRNA sequence is read to create a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. The genetic code is carried by DNA to RNA to proteins, which give organisms their unique traits.
Protein Synthesis PPT Translation and Transcription.pptx
Methionine Serine Glutamine Stop
Phenylalanine Glycine Threonine Serine
Alanine Lysine Tryptophan Leucine
Tyrosine Proline Serine Glutamate
Genetic code
This document discusses nucleic acids, RNA, transcription, the genetic code, and protein synthesis. It covers the main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It explains how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which then moves to ribosomes where tRNA brings amino acids to add to the growing protein chain according to the mRNA codons. The stages of initiation, elongation and termination in protein synthesis are outlined. Mutations that alter DNA and the genetic code can result in genetic diseases.
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Dna Rna Protein Review
- 1. AIM: How are amino acids formed into proteins? PEPTIDE BOND: Joins Two AMINO ACIDS together JANUARY 16 th , 2009
- 6. Practice with DNA Replication Original Strand: GCCATAGGATTTATATGGCATAT Complementary Strand: CGGTATCCTAAATATACCGTATA
- 7. R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _N: Making an exact copy of DNA
- 21. -There are 3 types of RNA used in making proteins: -what ribosomes are made up of; it gives the mRNA a place to attach to during translation Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation to help make the amino acid chain Transfer RNA (tRNA) -carries information found in DNA out of the nucleus so that proteins can be made (used in transcription and translation) Messenger RNA (mRNA) Picture of it What it does Name Ribosome