This document summarizes the key WTO regulations on technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. It discusses the SPS Agreement and TBT Agreement adopted in the Uruguay Round from 1986-1994. It then defines SPS measures and discusses their role in international trade. The document also examines the Kyrgyz Republic's participation in international agreements like the WTO, WHO, and EAEC. Finally, it analyzes harmonization of SPS measures in the Kyrgyz Republic in light of WTO and EAEC rules.
Standards and related issues in the WTO Agreement on SPS and TBTFAO
Ahmad Mukhtar
Economist -Trade and Food Security, FAO Liaison Office Geneva
Materials of the workshop on Resolving agricultural trade issues through the WTO organized by FAO in collaboration with Ukraine’s Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine in Kyiv on June 7, 2017.
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/wtokiev/en/
http://www.fao.org/europe/news/detail-news/en/c/892730/
The document summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, which establishes rules for food safety, animal and plant health standards in international trade. It entered into force in 1995 with the establishment of the WTO. The agreement aims to allow countries to set health standards while preventing unjustified barriers to trade. It outlines 10 principles member countries should follow, including basing measures on risk assessments, ensuring transparency, and controlling diseases and pests. Complying with the agreement benefits member countries by improving market access.
1) The document discusses the role of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in international trade agreements. It outlines some of the challenges faced by the EU and US in bilateral trade negotiations, including differences in rules around issues like animal welfare, food safety standards, and pesticide use.
2) The EU wishes to address more issues in bilateral trade agreements than are currently covered in existing veterinary agreements with countries like the US. The EU wants to push principles around animal welfare, antibiotics use, and geographical indications of food products.
3) Negotiating bilateral trade agreements presents both opportunities to advance important EU policies and principles internationally, but also threats if the EU has to compromise on key positions to achieve more balanced
The WTO Agreement on the Application of SPS Measuresousja
This document provides an overview of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). It defines SPS measures as those taken to protect human, animal or plant life from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease. The key principles of the SPS Agreement are harmonization of SPS measures based on international standards, conducting scientific risk assessments, adopting measures at an appropriate level of protection, and ensuring transparency. It identifies the international organizations responsible for standard setting in food safety, animal health and plant health.
NEED HELP COMPLYING WITH TURKISH CHEMICALS INVENTORY & CONTROL LEGISLATION?
If you produce or import chemicals in Turkey you must comply with the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) By-Law on Inventory and Control of Chemicals.
(Published end 2008, amended Nov 2009 extending compliance deadline to 30 June 2010)
Two amendments have been granted:
1. An extension of the compliance deadline to 30 March 2011
2. To establish a "legal trustee" in Turkey to file registrations on importer\'s behalf.
To comply:
1. Take inventory, differentiate volume and MoEF priority list
2. Gather, compile data and determine "gaps"
3. Data entry into MoEF database
4. Compliance maintenance through updating information
Standards and related issues in the WTO Agreement on SPS and TBTFAO
Ahmad Mukhtar
Economist -Trade and Food Security, FAO Liaison Office Geneva
Materials of the workshop on Resolving agricultural trade issues through the WTO organized by FAO in collaboration with Ukraine’s Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine in Kyiv on June 7, 2017.
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/wtokiev/en/
http://www.fao.org/europe/news/detail-news/en/c/892730/
The document summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, which establishes rules for food safety, animal and plant health standards in international trade. It entered into force in 1995 with the establishment of the WTO. The agreement aims to allow countries to set health standards while preventing unjustified barriers to trade. It outlines 10 principles member countries should follow, including basing measures on risk assessments, ensuring transparency, and controlling diseases and pests. Complying with the agreement benefits member countries by improving market access.
1) The document discusses the role of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in international trade agreements. It outlines some of the challenges faced by the EU and US in bilateral trade negotiations, including differences in rules around issues like animal welfare, food safety standards, and pesticide use.
2) The EU wishes to address more issues in bilateral trade agreements than are currently covered in existing veterinary agreements with countries like the US. The EU wants to push principles around animal welfare, antibiotics use, and geographical indications of food products.
3) Negotiating bilateral trade agreements presents both opportunities to advance important EU policies and principles internationally, but also threats if the EU has to compromise on key positions to achieve more balanced
The WTO Agreement on the Application of SPS Measuresousja
This document provides an overview of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). It defines SPS measures as those taken to protect human, animal or plant life from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease. The key principles of the SPS Agreement are harmonization of SPS measures based on international standards, conducting scientific risk assessments, adopting measures at an appropriate level of protection, and ensuring transparency. It identifies the international organizations responsible for standard setting in food safety, animal health and plant health.
NEED HELP COMPLYING WITH TURKISH CHEMICALS INVENTORY & CONTROL LEGISLATION?
If you produce or import chemicals in Turkey you must comply with the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) By-Law on Inventory and Control of Chemicals.
(Published end 2008, amended Nov 2009 extending compliance deadline to 30 June 2010)
Two amendments have been granted:
1. An extension of the compliance deadline to 30 March 2011
2. To establish a "legal trustee" in Turkey to file registrations on importer\'s behalf.
To comply:
1. Take inventory, differentiate volume and MoEF priority list
2. Gather, compile data and determine "gaps"
3. Data entry into MoEF database
4. Compliance maintenance through updating information
The DCFTA Provisions and their Implementation: Some Observations Bertelsmann Stiftung
The presentation reviews several key DCFTA provisions and their implementation from the point of view what other countries could learn from this experience. Veronika Movchan is a Ukraine expert, an academic director and Head of the Center for Economic Studies at IER in Kiev. Her main research interests are for example trade policy and regional integration.
This seminar presentation summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, including:
1) The SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the WTO that was negotiated during the Uruguay Round and entered into force in 1995.
2) There are three standards organizations that set standards for SPS measures: Codex, OIE, and IPPC.
3) SPS measures can influence international trade both positively by promoting economic development and alleviating poverty, and negatively by restricting trade.
4) The SPS Agreement aims to establish rules to guide the development and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures to protect health while minimizing negative trade impacts and expanding liberalization.
Lecture 9 ib 404 institutional framework for international businessMahir Jawad
The document discusses the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), which establishes a framework for sanitary and phytosanitary measures that may directly or indirectly affect international trade. It seeks to balance members' rights to implement measures to protect human, animal, and plant health with obligations to ensure measures are not arbitrarily discriminatory and are based on scientific evidence. The agreement also addresses issues like risk assessment, harmonization of standards, equivalence of measures between members, and technical assistance for developing countries.
Chapter VII: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures and outlines objectives and provisions for cooperation between the parties on these types of measures. It establishes a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures to facilitate implementation of the chapter and enhance communication. The committee will provide a forum for parties to improve understanding of sanitary and phytosanitary issues and regulatory processes and identify technical cooperation opportunities. The document also covers recognition of regional conditions, pest-free areas, and equivalence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures between parties.
Universidad del Norte. Negocios Internacionales. Asignatura: Integración Económica. Grupo: Laura Rodríguez Navarro, Mohammed Hamdan, Karen Bonivento & Daniel Salcedo
The long awaited new novel food regulation has finally made its very welcome arrival to update and streamline the approach to gaining approval for new food and food ingredients in the EU. It’s main benefits are to clarify the scope and definitions, to introduce a centralised procedure and to introduce a notification process for “traditional foods from third countries”. Whilst it also introduces a generic “Union List”, it also allows proprietary submissions in some cases. Although the actual legal enactment is not until January 2018, there is so much to do in the meantime. January 2016 webinar now available on demand: http://www.intertek.com/knowledge-education/new-novel-food-regulation-transition-begins/
Comunicação relativa à implementando direitos adicionais a produtos provenientes dos EUA, em sequência da publicação, a 9 de novembro, no JOUE L 373 (em anexo) o Regulamento 1646/2020, de 7 de novembro, que suspende as concessões comerciais da UE para certos produtos importados dos EUA (listados nos anexos I e II do referido Regulamento).
O Regulamento publicado é a reação da União Europeia para obter um reequilíbrio comercial nas trocas com os EUA, face à imposição por este país de direitos adicionais sobre importações de determinados produtos originários da União, culminando um longo processo de discussões entre as duas partes no que diz respeito às ajudas à indústria aeronáutica.
Os EUA queixam-se dos subsídios concedidos pelos Estados-Membros da UE à Airbus e a UE responde com as suas próprias queixas relativamente a ajudas recebidas pela Boeing por via de benefícios fiscais e outros apoios pelos EUA.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry; its Challenges WHILE Exportation of pharmaceu...Manukonda sravani Reddy
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is currently the largest provider of generic drugs globally, accounting for 20% of global exports. It is expected to expand rapidly to reach $55 billion by 2020. The industry meets 70% of India's domestic drug demands and includes over 8,000 small companies and 250 large companies. India is the third largest pharmaceutical market by volume and exports over $16 billion worth of drugs annually, with the largest importer being Europe. Pharmaceutical companies in India are regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and must obtain regulatory approval through various procedures to market drugs in India and other countries.
Vitafoods Europe 2015: Clearer labels for consumersAxon Lawyers
The document summarizes the key aspects of the EU Food Information for Consumers Regulation, which aims to modernize and clarify food labeling requirements for consumers. It overviews the scope of the regulation, mandatory food information that must be included like ingredients and country of origin, new legibility requirements, and the upcoming mandatory nutrition declaration. It concludes that the regulation will increase administrative burden for industry but is intended to better support consumer choice and rebuilt trust following food scandals.
The document discusses the European Commission's proposals on regulating novel foods and food from cloned animals. It provides an overview of the current Novel Foods Regulation and proposes amendments, including establishing three new categories of novel foods and centralizing the authorization process. For food from cloned animals, the proposals result in a temporary ban on imports and sales due to concerns about animal welfare, low cloning efficiency, and European citizens' negative perceptions of the technique.
Yordan Politov's presentation discusses parallel imports in the context of copyright, trademarks, and EU law. It provides an overview of the relevant legal frameworks and concepts, including:
1) Definitions and elements of import, parallel import, and exhaustion of intellectual property rights under EU law and Bulgarian law. Parallel import involves importing genuine goods into a territory without the rights holder's consent.
2) An analysis of how parallel imports relate to copyright and trademarks. Copyright and trademarks have territorial application, but the distribution right is terminated upon the first sale of a work within the EU.
3) A summary of relevant case law from the European Court of Justice and Bulgarian courts on parallel imports and intellectual property rights
The document provides an overview of EU food and packaging standards and legislation. It discusses:
1) The key EU institutions involved in food policymaking including the Commission, Council, and Parliament.
2) The basic framework for EU food law established by Regulation 178/2002, including general principles like traceability, food business operator responsibilities, and the precautionary principle.
3) The evolution of EU food law over time through various regulations and directives addressing issues like hygiene, microbiological criteria, and labeling.
EU Food Regulation on Additives, Novel Foods and Food Contact MaterialsDaniele Pisanello
The presentation has been used within the EIPA's Seminar "Introduction to the fundamentals of EU Food Law: principles, procedures & main regulatory components", 7 and 13 of Luly 2016, on behalf of European Commission, DG Translation.
It provides an introduction to specific legal standards relating to food additives, novel foods and food contact materials.
This document provides information on Japan's tariffs, non-tariff measures, and international trade agreements. It notes that Japan maintains relatively high tariff peaks on certain agricultural products like dairy and footwear. It also uses tariff rate quotas and safeguards on some products. Japan has signed several free trade agreements to reduce tariffs, especially with ASEAN countries, and provides some unilateral trade preferences under its Generalized System of Preferences program. The document also discusses Japan's sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical regulations.
The document discusses the relationship between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and public health. It provides an overview of the WTO, including its structure and agreements. It then examines 8 specific health issues - infectious disease control, food safety, tobacco control, environment, access to drugs and vaccines, health services, food security and nutrition, and emerging issues - and how they interact with or are addressed by WTO agreements. The conclusion emphasizes that the WTO dispute settlement body has enabled the continued free trade while also allowing countries to regulate issues like taxing imports to make essential goods more affordable.
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
WTO Dispute on European communities — export subsidies on sugarAndriya_16
A brief summary of one of the many WTO Disputes and the actions taken by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) with the European Union (EU)/ European Communities (EC).
The document summarizes Japan's Organic JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard) system for certifying and labeling organic agricultural products and foods. Key points include:
1. The system was established in 2000 based on Codex Guidelines for organic production. Only certified producers can label products as organic using the JAS organic mark.
2. The Organic JAS standard prohibits the use of synthetic chemicals and GMOs. It requires at least 2 years without prohibited substances before planting.
3. Additional JAS standards cover organic livestock, feeds, and processed foods. Standards aim to maintain soil health and minimize environmental impacts using natural substances and cultivation methods.
Ryazanov - Modern Tools for Work with Information (en)ExternalEvents
The document discusses several modern tools developed by AgroInformAsia to facilitate work with agricultural information. These include an e-trade trading platform, mobile applications providing market prices and agricultural advice, an agricultural map showing crop production and facilities, an AgroLibrary knowledge base, and a database of agricultural producers. The tools aim to improve access to relevant information for enterprises and specialists in agriculture.
The DCFTA Provisions and their Implementation: Some Observations Bertelsmann Stiftung
The presentation reviews several key DCFTA provisions and their implementation from the point of view what other countries could learn from this experience. Veronika Movchan is a Ukraine expert, an academic director and Head of the Center for Economic Studies at IER in Kiev. Her main research interests are for example trade policy and regional integration.
This seminar presentation summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, including:
1) The SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the WTO that was negotiated during the Uruguay Round and entered into force in 1995.
2) There are three standards organizations that set standards for SPS measures: Codex, OIE, and IPPC.
3) SPS measures can influence international trade both positively by promoting economic development and alleviating poverty, and negatively by restricting trade.
4) The SPS Agreement aims to establish rules to guide the development and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures to protect health while minimizing negative trade impacts and expanding liberalization.
Lecture 9 ib 404 institutional framework for international businessMahir Jawad
The document discusses the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), which establishes a framework for sanitary and phytosanitary measures that may directly or indirectly affect international trade. It seeks to balance members' rights to implement measures to protect human, animal, and plant health with obligations to ensure measures are not arbitrarily discriminatory and are based on scientific evidence. The agreement also addresses issues like risk assessment, harmonization of standards, equivalence of measures between members, and technical assistance for developing countries.
Chapter VII: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures and outlines objectives and provisions for cooperation between the parties on these types of measures. It establishes a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures to facilitate implementation of the chapter and enhance communication. The committee will provide a forum for parties to improve understanding of sanitary and phytosanitary issues and regulatory processes and identify technical cooperation opportunities. The document also covers recognition of regional conditions, pest-free areas, and equivalence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures between parties.
Universidad del Norte. Negocios Internacionales. Asignatura: Integración Económica. Grupo: Laura Rodríguez Navarro, Mohammed Hamdan, Karen Bonivento & Daniel Salcedo
The long awaited new novel food regulation has finally made its very welcome arrival to update and streamline the approach to gaining approval for new food and food ingredients in the EU. It’s main benefits are to clarify the scope and definitions, to introduce a centralised procedure and to introduce a notification process for “traditional foods from third countries”. Whilst it also introduces a generic “Union List”, it also allows proprietary submissions in some cases. Although the actual legal enactment is not until January 2018, there is so much to do in the meantime. January 2016 webinar now available on demand: http://www.intertek.com/knowledge-education/new-novel-food-regulation-transition-begins/
Comunicação relativa à implementando direitos adicionais a produtos provenientes dos EUA, em sequência da publicação, a 9 de novembro, no JOUE L 373 (em anexo) o Regulamento 1646/2020, de 7 de novembro, que suspende as concessões comerciais da UE para certos produtos importados dos EUA (listados nos anexos I e II do referido Regulamento).
O Regulamento publicado é a reação da União Europeia para obter um reequilíbrio comercial nas trocas com os EUA, face à imposição por este país de direitos adicionais sobre importações de determinados produtos originários da União, culminando um longo processo de discussões entre as duas partes no que diz respeito às ajudas à indústria aeronáutica.
Os EUA queixam-se dos subsídios concedidos pelos Estados-Membros da UE à Airbus e a UE responde com as suas próprias queixas relativamente a ajudas recebidas pela Boeing por via de benefícios fiscais e outros apoios pelos EUA.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry; its Challenges WHILE Exportation of pharmaceu...Manukonda sravani Reddy
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is currently the largest provider of generic drugs globally, accounting for 20% of global exports. It is expected to expand rapidly to reach $55 billion by 2020. The industry meets 70% of India's domestic drug demands and includes over 8,000 small companies and 250 large companies. India is the third largest pharmaceutical market by volume and exports over $16 billion worth of drugs annually, with the largest importer being Europe. Pharmaceutical companies in India are regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and must obtain regulatory approval through various procedures to market drugs in India and other countries.
Vitafoods Europe 2015: Clearer labels for consumersAxon Lawyers
The document summarizes the key aspects of the EU Food Information for Consumers Regulation, which aims to modernize and clarify food labeling requirements for consumers. It overviews the scope of the regulation, mandatory food information that must be included like ingredients and country of origin, new legibility requirements, and the upcoming mandatory nutrition declaration. It concludes that the regulation will increase administrative burden for industry but is intended to better support consumer choice and rebuilt trust following food scandals.
The document discusses the European Commission's proposals on regulating novel foods and food from cloned animals. It provides an overview of the current Novel Foods Regulation and proposes amendments, including establishing three new categories of novel foods and centralizing the authorization process. For food from cloned animals, the proposals result in a temporary ban on imports and sales due to concerns about animal welfare, low cloning efficiency, and European citizens' negative perceptions of the technique.
Yordan Politov's presentation discusses parallel imports in the context of copyright, trademarks, and EU law. It provides an overview of the relevant legal frameworks and concepts, including:
1) Definitions and elements of import, parallel import, and exhaustion of intellectual property rights under EU law and Bulgarian law. Parallel import involves importing genuine goods into a territory without the rights holder's consent.
2) An analysis of how parallel imports relate to copyright and trademarks. Copyright and trademarks have territorial application, but the distribution right is terminated upon the first sale of a work within the EU.
3) A summary of relevant case law from the European Court of Justice and Bulgarian courts on parallel imports and intellectual property rights
The document provides an overview of EU food and packaging standards and legislation. It discusses:
1) The key EU institutions involved in food policymaking including the Commission, Council, and Parliament.
2) The basic framework for EU food law established by Regulation 178/2002, including general principles like traceability, food business operator responsibilities, and the precautionary principle.
3) The evolution of EU food law over time through various regulations and directives addressing issues like hygiene, microbiological criteria, and labeling.
EU Food Regulation on Additives, Novel Foods and Food Contact MaterialsDaniele Pisanello
The presentation has been used within the EIPA's Seminar "Introduction to the fundamentals of EU Food Law: principles, procedures & main regulatory components", 7 and 13 of Luly 2016, on behalf of European Commission, DG Translation.
It provides an introduction to specific legal standards relating to food additives, novel foods and food contact materials.
This document provides information on Japan's tariffs, non-tariff measures, and international trade agreements. It notes that Japan maintains relatively high tariff peaks on certain agricultural products like dairy and footwear. It also uses tariff rate quotas and safeguards on some products. Japan has signed several free trade agreements to reduce tariffs, especially with ASEAN countries, and provides some unilateral trade preferences under its Generalized System of Preferences program. The document also discusses Japan's sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical regulations.
The document discusses the relationship between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and public health. It provides an overview of the WTO, including its structure and agreements. It then examines 8 specific health issues - infectious disease control, food safety, tobacco control, environment, access to drugs and vaccines, health services, food security and nutrition, and emerging issues - and how they interact with or are addressed by WTO agreements. The conclusion emphasizes that the WTO dispute settlement body has enabled the continued free trade while also allowing countries to regulate issues like taxing imports to make essential goods more affordable.
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
WTO Dispute on European communities — export subsidies on sugarAndriya_16
A brief summary of one of the many WTO Disputes and the actions taken by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) with the European Union (EU)/ European Communities (EC).
The document summarizes Japan's Organic JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard) system for certifying and labeling organic agricultural products and foods. Key points include:
1. The system was established in 2000 based on Codex Guidelines for organic production. Only certified producers can label products as organic using the JAS organic mark.
2. The Organic JAS standard prohibits the use of synthetic chemicals and GMOs. It requires at least 2 years without prohibited substances before planting.
3. Additional JAS standards cover organic livestock, feeds, and processed foods. Standards aim to maintain soil health and minimize environmental impacts using natural substances and cultivation methods.
Ryazanov - Modern Tools for Work with Information (en)ExternalEvents
The document discusses several modern tools developed by AgroInformAsia to facilitate work with agricultural information. These include an e-trade trading platform, mobile applications providing market prices and agricultural advice, an agricultural map showing crop production and facilities, an AgroLibrary knowledge base, and a database of agricultural producers. The tools aim to improve access to relevant information for enterprises and specialists in agriculture.
Influence of agricultural trade and food policies on dietsExternalEvents
Bhavani Shankar, SOAS
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
Ashkan Afshin, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
Ashkan Afshin, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
The role of FDI in food industries, transnational corporations and supermarke...ExternalEvents
The document discusses the role of foreign direct investment and transnational corporations in shifting global diets through modernizing food supply chains. It hypothesizes that modern food systems lower the price of processed foods, increase availability of these foods through year-round supply and sophisticated marketing, and enhance food safety. While diets may become more diverse and micronutrient availability increase, processed foods tend to be more energy dense with high salt, saturated and trans fat. Empirical evidence on impacts of supermarkets on consumption in developing countries shows increased purchases of processed relative to fresh foods and potential for higher calorie intake. However, determining causal effects is difficult and modern systems co-exist with traditional food chains.
US agricultural policies have had small effects on global food prices, though some policies like sugar tariffs and biofuel mandates have increased prices. Most programs have negligible impacts because support is decoupled from production. Impacts are larger in other countries where farm policies directly affect consumer prices. Research and development spending decreases prices and consumption more than it increases body weight.
Josef Schmidhuber, FAO
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
Will Masters, Tufts University
Expert consultation on trade and nutrition
15-16 November 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/tradenutrition/en/
The document discusses deregulation in Ukraine. It provides an overview of Ukraine's poor ratings in terms of doing business and economic freedom compared to other countries. It then discusses why a "guillotine" approach to deregulation that abolishes all regulations at once is not advisable, as Ukraine has international obligations and harmonized legislation with the EU. The document outlines a vision for deregulation reform through decreasing regulations and inspections while strengthening regulatory bodies. It proposes establishing a Better Regulation Delivery Office to review legislation sector by sector and guide deregulation efforts. Several initial deregulation initiatives and their results are highlighted.
The document discusses Pakistan's Generalized Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+) status with the European Union. Some key points:
1. GSP+ provides duty-free access to the EU market for certain goods from developing countries that ratify and implement 27 international conventions related to human and labor rights.
2. Pakistan was granted GSP+ status in 2014, significantly increasing its textile exports to the EU. However, non-textile exports saw less growth.
3. Maintaining GSP+ involves regular reporting on and effective implementation of the 27 conventions. Pakistan's compliance will be reviewed by the EU in early 2016.
4. While benefiting the economy, GSP+ also
The agreement will extensively liberalize trade in goods between the EU and Mercosur. It establishes rules of origin to facilitate trade and outlines customs and trade procedures to expedite the flow of goods. It includes provisions for addressing unfair trade practices and increases in imports. The agreement also enhances sanitary and phytosanitary cooperation while upholding food safety standards and establishes dialogues on issues like animal welfare and agricultural biotechnology.
Presentation on the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
Developed by the International Trade Team of Barral M Jorge & Associates
An Exercise in Legislative Drafting that Displeases All PartiesMehmet – Nafi Artemel
The document discusses issues with Turkey's legislation regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It provides an overview of Turkey's legislative history on GMOs, from signing international agreements in the 1990s to enacting the Biosafety Law and GMO Regulations in 2010. However, it notes several shortcomings and inconsistencies that have displeased various stakeholders. For example, regulations were introduced before an enabling law; terminology is inconsistent between legal and scientific terms; and the legislation fails to fully implement principles like the precautionary approach. Overall, the document analyzes why Turkey's GMO framework has faced criticism for its substantive and procedural flaws.
The presentation points out lessons, which can be drawn from EU-Ukraine DCFTA negotiations. European integration and a sensible approach with the EU market can be points of orientation for future agreements. Valeriy Piatnytskyi managed the Ukrainian team during the EU-Ukraine DCFTA negotiations. He is also former advisor to the Prime Minister of Ukraine.
Further information:
Stakeholder Dialogue in Cooperation with the AHK Tunisia - Negotiating ALECA – Lessons Learned from the DCFTAs with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia.
Organizer: Bertelsmann-Stiftung in Cooperation with the AHK Tunisia
Date: Wednesday, 27-28 June 2018.
What is WTO?
Objectives of WTO.
Rules of WTO.
WTO Issues in Pakistan.
What are the benefits of WTO?
What is an example of world trade?
What is the main function of the World Trade Organization?
What is the main purpose of the World Trade Organization?
Scenarios prevailing in Textile industry all over the world, various standards, role of WTO.
Various Safety measures and standards followed all over world.
International legal instruments governing agricultural tradeExternalEvents
This document summarizes several key WTO agreements as they relate to international agricultural trade, with a focus on quality and safety aspects. It discusses the relevance of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in expediting the movement of goods across borders and potentially reducing transaction costs for agricultural exports. Key principles of the SPS and TBT agreements are outlined, such as ensuring measures are science-based and non-discriminatory. Specific TFA provisions are identified that may add obligations beyond the SPS and TBT agreements in areas like pre-arrival processing, average release times, and limiting documentation requirements.
Pharmaceuticals and the WTO TRIPS Agreementjboscariol
A presentation on the application of the obligations and remedies under the WTO\'s agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights to pharma products. Includes a focus on access to patented medicines for developing countries.
Trade impact of “new” and “old” sanitary standards over Mercosur's beef exportscontenidos-ort
1) The document analyzes the trade impact of new and old sanitary standards on beef exports from MERCOSUR countries. It specifically examines the effects of the EU ban on hormone-treated beef, mad cow disease status, and foot-and-mouth disease status.
2) It discusses how countries apply sanitary measures to provide consumers information about product safety, though compliance costs can negatively impact exports. Mutual recognition agreements may help reduce these costs.
3) An econometric model is estimated using Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood to examine the effects of various sanitary standard variables on beef export flows from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay between 1983-2013.
This document discusses the evolution of GATT and WTO and their significance for Nepal's economic growth and international trade. It provides the following key points:
- GATT was established in 1947 as a temporary rule-based system for international trade until the International Trade Organization was formed. It was replaced by the WTO in 1995.
- Nepal applied for GATT membership in 1989 and became a WTO member in 2004, allowing it to benefit from more predictable market access, special treatment as an LDC, and dispute settlement procedures.
- WTO membership provides opportunities for Nepal such as increased investment, industrialization through secured market access, transit rights, policy stability, and attracting foreign direct investment through a predictable
The document discusses recommendations from the Petrochemicals, Chemicals and Refining Working Group on regulatory issues in China. It provides 5 key recommendations: 1) Standardize penalties for pollutants to provide clearer guidance on compliance. 2) Optimize China's emissions trading system to encourage advanced technologies and establish fair allocation. 3) Reduce data requirements for notifying new chemical intermediates given their lower risk. 4) Promote legislation to clarify administration of hazardous chemicals and adopt international practices. 5) Take prudent steps in reforming consumption tax by involving experts and analyzing impacts.
Aeo system for self assessment of customs dutyM S Siddiqui
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Djamankulov - Harmonization of the application of the SPS system (en)
1. Harmonization of the application of the SPS
system in the Kyrgyz Republic in view of the
WTO rules and the rules of EAEC
Nuritdin Jamankulov
Seminar: "The development of food exports in
Kyrgyzstan."
18-19 October 2015, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
2. 2
Fundamental WTO regulations in the areas of
technical regulations and SPS measures
1. During the Uruguay Round (1986-94) the following mandatory for use
documents were prepared and adopted:
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT);
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS).
Соглашение по применению санитарных и фитосанитарных мер (СФС).
2. Agricultural products covered by both Agreements on SPS and TBT measures.
3. In accordance with item 1.5. TBT Agreement the provisions of this Agreement
shall not apply to SPS measures.
A part of SPS measures are included in the technical regulations of the EAEC for
agricultural and food products, therefore the technical regulation of the sphere of
agricultural products and application of SPS measures in the framework of the
EAEC is appropriate to consider together.
3. The notion of SPS measure
SPS measure is any measure applied:
(а) to protect the life or health of animals or plants within the territory of a WTO Member from risks arising
from the entry, establishment or spread of pests, diseases, harmful organisms;
(b) in the protection of life or health of humans or animals within the territory of a WTO Member from risks
arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in foods, beverages or feedstuffs;
(с) to protect human life or health within the territory of a WTO Member from risks arising from diseases
carried by animals, plants or products thereof, or in connection with the entry, establishment or spread of
pests; or
(d) to prevent or limit other damage within the territory of the WTO Member from the entry, establishment or
spread of pests.
4. The notion of SPS measure
The SPS measures are:
laws, regulations, rules, requirements and procedures covering, inter alia,
requirements to the end product;
methods of processing and production;
procedures of testing, inspection, certification and approval;
quarantine regulations, including relevant requirements associated with the
transportation of animals or plants or the materials necessary for their life activity
during transportation;
provisions on relevant statistical methods, sampling procedures and methods
of risk assessment;
requirements for packaging and labeling directly aimed to ensure food safety.
Harmonisation - the establishment, recognition and application
of common SPS measures by different WTO members.
5. 5
Technical regulation and SPS measures in
international trade.
The role of the TBT and SPS measures in international trade is increasing!
• As a result of reduction of technical barriers the annual turnover within the
framework of the WTO has increased by 15%;
•Concerted measures within APEC on the harmonization of technical regulation
allowed to increase profits of the APEC members to 0.26% of GDP (the
effectiveness due to the tariff reduction (0.14% of GDP);
•In high-income countries non-tariff measures in the form of technical barriers to
trade in agricultural products add additional 4% to the average import tariffs with
the rate of 2%, while the impact of trade policies in countries with high and
middle-income countries on the agricultural sector on average accounts for 30%
of the cost of production, and thereof 20% are for technical regulations
(UNCTAD of materials).
6. SPS :
WTO: TBT and SPS measures
Protection of people and animals from risks
arising from supplements, contaminants, toxins or
disease-causing organisms in food, beverages,
animal feed.
Protection and animals and plants from pests and
diseases
Protection of human health and safety or animal
and plant life
National security;
Prevention of deceptive practices;
Environmental protection
TBTObjectives
Protection of human life and health from risks
arising from diseases transmitted by animals,
plants or products made of them
7. WTO: TBT and SPS measures
WTO approaches
Every country has the sovereign
right to:
• adopt technical
regulations, standards, conformity
assessment procedures;
• use SPS measures
It
should not create
excessive
obstacles in
international
trade
BUT
8. WTO Agreement on SPS
Elimination of excessive obstacles in trade
Non-discrimination
HarmonizationNational mode
Mutual recognition
ТTransparency
The main principles
9. WTO Agreement on applying SPS measures мер
Measures that are based on risk asses
Recognition of pests-free zones
Harmonization
Equivalence
Transparency
Disallowing arbitrary discrimination
Scientifically
grounded
measures
The main principles
Reduction of negative effects on trade
10. Participation of the Kyrgyz Republic in
international agreements and organizations
The Kyrgyz Republic is a member of:
1.World Trade Organization (WTO);
2.World Health Organization (WHO);
3.World Organization for Animal Health (OIE);
4.The International Convention on Plant Protection
(IPPC);
5.Commissions that exist under "Codex Alimentarius";
6.CIS;
7.EAEC.
> 10
11. CIS and EAEC: TBT and SPS
EAEC declares its adherence to the WTO on TBT and SPS measures:
1. Preamble of the EAEC Treaty: “Taking into account the rules,
regulations and principles of the WTO”.
2. EAEC members will take measures to bring the legal system of the
EAEC and the decisions of its organs in accordance with the WTO (from
the Customs Union Agreement on functioning of the CU in the
multilateral trading system).
3. The Members of the CIS in the mutual trade are guided by the rules and
principles of the WTO on TBT Agreements on application of SPS
measures (from the Free Trade Agreement of the CIS);
12. EAEC and WTO
1. Each member country has its own EAEC formal WTO commitments.
2. Inclusion of SPS requirements and procedures into technical regulations EAEC on
agricultural commodities.
3. EAEC is a single customs territory and a common market, common technical
regulations, common SPS requirements. However, access of agricultural goods in
the territory of the Member States may be different. Examples :
4. Each member of the EAEC has the right to introduce additional SPS measures;
5. Country exemptions were introduced in the application of veterinary measures on a
number of lines (positions) included in the Uniform list (decision of the CCC as of
23.09.2011 No. 810);
6. Importation of goods to Kazakhstan from third countries is allowed based on
veterinary requirements, different from the Uniform Requirements of EAEC (Protocol
on certain matters of import and circulation of goods in the EAEC as of 16.10.2016).
13. CIS and EAEC : TBT and SPS
4. . When joining the WTO, Russia and Kazakhstan have undertaken obligations that all
SPS measures, technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment
procedures will be developed and applied within the framework of the EAEC, in
accordance with WTO principles and rules (from the report of the WG on accession to
the WTO).
5. Belarus in the process of accession to the WTO creates its own volume of obligations,
which corresponds the most to obligations of Russia (from the Treaty on the
functioning of the Customs Union within the framework of the multilateral trading
system).
14. Accession of Kyrgyzstan to the EAEC
Accession of the KR to the EAEC means that:
The customs territory of the Kyrgyz Republic and the market are a part
of the EAEC;
The boundaries of the Kyrgyz Republic with Uzbekistan, China and
Tajikistan are EAEC customs borders;
The absence of customs and other types of control in the supply of
goods from Kyrgyzstan in the EAEC countries and vice versa;
Conditions of import of the goods in the Kyrgyz Republic from third
countries are conditions of import of goods into the EAEC.
Products imported into the Kyrgyz Republic from third countries or
produced in the Kyrgyz Republic, acquire the status of goods of EAEC.
The Kyrgyz Republic establishes the level of the SPS protection,
adopted within the framework of the EAEC.
15. Accession of Kyrgyzstan to the EAEC
From the date of coming into force of the Treaty of Accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to
the Treaty on the EAEC the acts of EAEC bodies, as well as the decision of the Supreme
Eurasian Economic Council, the decision of the ECE (CU Commission), that were in force
on the date of entry into force of the Treaty shall be applied in the territory of the Kyrgyz
Republic with consideration of the provisions specified by the Protocol concerning the
conditions and transitional provisions (Article 4 of the Treaty of accession to the Treaty
on the EAEC).
I.e., technical regulations of CU, Uniform animal health requirements of
EAEC, other acts of the ECE in the field of technical regulations and SPS
measures are in force from August 12 in the KR.
16. Accession of Kyrgyzstan to the EAEC
Access modes of goods in the Kyrgyz Republic in the technical
aspects of regulation of agricultural products:
The first mode (the transition period). From 12.08.2015 - access of products
is regulated by :
Technical regulations CU (EAEC) or
provisions of the national legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic during the 24
months (for the transitional period).
The second mode. From 12.08.17 is governed exclusively by the technical
regulations of the CU
Note. Documents of conformity, adopted within the framework of national
legislation before 12.08.2017 shall be valid until 08.12.2019
17. Accession of Kyrgyzstan to the EAEC
Year of Kyrgyzstan's participation in the EAEC. Some
conclusions:
1. There is a low level of awareness of the EAEC legislation in
the field of technical regulation and application of SPS
measures both among entrepreneurs and public bodies.
2. KR veterinary control system has not yet been recognized
as equivalent to the level of animal health protection
requirements established by the EAEC.
3. Weak inefficient public institutional support in the fields
of technical regulations and application of SPS measures.
4. Insufficient level of technical competence of the
laboratory infrastructure in the Kyrgyz Republic.
18. EAEC: TBT and SPS
On the system of TBT and SPS in the EAEC in terms of
the WTO
:
1. The principle of scientific approach and risk assessment: A brief comment :
•It was stated in the EAEC Treaty;
•There are disputes regarding the non-compliance (Example: The levels of tetracycline
group in production);
•The SPS measures in the EAEC are not applied based on the risk analysis methods
based on the relevant standards of international organizations.
2. The principle of harmonization of SPS measures and technical regulations with
international standards: A short comment :
•It was stated in the EAEC Treaty;
•The degree of harmonization of EAEC technical regulations on food products with
international standards is 40% (source: Rospotrebnadzor)
19. EAEC: TBT and SPS
3. The principle of non-discrimination. Brief comment:
• This principle is not formulated in the EAEC Treaty;
• Cases of discrimination are allowed within the framework of the EAEC:
• Cases of discrimination are allowed within the framework of the EAEC:
Decision of the CUC on October 18, 2011 №833 the systems of checking objects of veterinary
control have been established by authorities of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, were
recognized equivalent a priori. Kyrgyzstan will have to prove the equivalence of their systems
through the assessment (audit).
According to the Protocol on certain issues import and circulation of products in the EAEC of
10/16/2016 to goods from WTO countries can be delivered to Kazakhstan based on veterinary
requirements that differ from the Uniform Requirements of EAEC, while, for example, from
Kyrgyzstan products must comply only with the Uniform requirements of the EAEC .
тан
20. EAEC: TBT and SPS
4. Principle of recognition of equivalence: A brief comment:
• There is a decision of the CCC of October 18, 2011 №835 «On the equivalence of sanitary,
veterinary and phytosanitary measures, and a risk assessment." But:
There is no information on the signing of the recognition of equivalence agreements.
• Application of the principle of equivalence in the field of technical regulation has the nature of a
recommendation:
In developing the EAEC technical regulations the regulations of third countries are used, in
particular the EU countries’ regulations (EEC Council Decision of 20 June 2012 №48).
5. The principle of regionalization: A brief comment:
• In accordance with the decision of the CCC on October 18, 2011 №835 in risk assessment
the recognition of zones free of pests and diseases should be taken into account.
However, there is still no regulatory support from the ECE.
21. EAEC: TBT and SPS
6 The principle of transparency: A brief comment:
The obligations under the WTO in terms of ensuring transparency do
not apply to the EAEC. Each country should implement this principle
independently.
The WTO Secretariat report "Review of the Kyrgyz Republic Trade
Policy" dated October 1, 2013 noted the lack of a long-term Reference
point for SPS measures.
In EAEC there is no coherent picture of the conditions of access of
goods to the EAEC in the aspects of TBT and SPS measures.
There is a breach of this principle by the EAEC member states.
Example, in February 2016, Kazakhstan introduced a ban on the import
of dried fruits and persimmons without sending a notification.
22. EAEC: TBT and SPS
7 . Principle of voluntary application of standards (TBT Agreement):
Brief comment: According to the EAEC Treaty:
• ECE sets the list of standards, as a result of applying them of a
voluntary bases compliance with the requirements of technical
regulations of EAEC is ensured. In the case of non-application of the
standards included in the above list, conformity assessment is carried
out on the basis of risk analysis. (In the absence of documented
procedures established for the analysis of risk, the standards from the List of
standards actually become mandatory).
ECE establishes a closed list of standards for the methods of tests. (1)
In some cases, the standards become mandatory; 2) excludes the right to
directly apply international standards that are not included in this list).
23. EAEC: TBT and SPS
8 . Principle of recognition of conformity assessment results (Article 6 of the TBT
Agreement): A brief comment:
• The application of this principle in the EAEC in relation to third countries is expected
in the future in the framework of the EAEC Agreement “On the procedure and
conditions for the elimination of technical barriers in trade with third countries.” There
is a separate EAEC agreement on CIS countries.
• Within the framework of the EAEC Treaty the Member States mutually recognize
accreditation of conformity assessment bodies, but do not recognize accredited in
third countries, carried out in the framework of international organizations (ILAC).
However, during WTO accession Kazakhstan will accept the results of conformity
assessment procedures for the conformity assessment bodies of the WTO members
due through membership of the national body for accreditation of Kazakhstan in the
international accreditation organizations (ILAC).
24. ВТО и частные стандарты.
WTO and private standards
1. Market access: There are two opinions. The main discussions in the WTO on the private
standards of WTO members:
1) Private standards allow providers improve the quality of their products and to meet the highest
demands.
2) Private standards are more restricting access to the market in comparison with the formal
requirements.
2. Development: A number of WTO members expressed concern about the costs of compliance
with private standards and additional certification costs.
3. WTO Legislation: There are two opinions among the members of the WTO:
1) The use of private standards is a legitimate private initiative.
2) It is the responsibility of the Governments-importers. Private standards do not meet WTO
requirements (transparency, scientific validity of SPS measures) and restrict trade more than is
necessary from the point of view of public health.
2. In Russia, there is a tendency of establishing private standards by retail nets. Thus:
•There are conditions for access of products to the market, established by the state;
•There are conditions of providing a commercial place for the production formulated by
25. WTO and private standards
Examples of private standards:
•GlobalGAP;
•The Global Initiative for Food Safety;
•ISO 22000: Food safety management systems;
•Safe Quality Food / SQF / 1000 and 2000;
•ISO 22005: Traceability in the feed and food chain;
•Global Standard for Food of the British Retail Consortium;
•QS Qualität Sicherheit, Quality Assurance;
•The Food and Drink Federation: The technical standard for the delivery of
identified genetically unmodified food components and products of the British
Retail Consortium.