Diversity and status of reptilian fauna in bangladesh sm
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This document provides a summary of the diversity and status of reptilian fauna in Bangladesh. It begins by outlining the classification and order of reptiles present in the country. It then examines each order - Lacertilia, Testudines, Serpentes, and Crocodylia - in more detail, breaking them down into their families and providing information on species, status, distribution and other characteristics. For each family, it lists the species found in Bangladesh and their local and global conservation status. In total, it finds that Bangladesh is home to over 200 reptile species. The document contributes to understanding the biodiversity of reptiles in Bangladesh and informing conservation efforts.
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Diversity and status of reptilian fauna in bangladesh sm
- 1. “Diversity and status of Reptilian Fauna in Bangladesh”
- 2. Prepared By Nusrat Hasan Kanika Jagannath University, Dhaka.
- 3. Status code Sl. No Abbreviation Short From 01 Critically Endangered CR 02 Endangered EN 03 Vulnerable VU 04 Lower Risk LR 05 Not Threatened NO 06 Data Deficiency DD 07 Common C 08 Uncommon UC 09 Rare R
- 4. Contributor Name and Their Contribution Sl. no Name & Roll Contribution 01 Suhel Chandra Das (117402) In order Serpentes, 02 Imran Al Fahad (117435) In order Testudines, Group Monitoring, Literature Study. 03 Moumita Saha Bristy (117461) In order Crocodylia, Book collection, Literature Study 04 Nusrat Hasan Kanika (107419) In order Lacertilia, Book collection, Idea construction.
- 5. Who are Reptilian Animals? The biggest clues for Reptilian are: • They are cold-blooded or ectothermic • They are covered in scales and scutes • Reptiles are born on land and are born with strong instincts • Lays amniotic eggs
- 7. Rate of Reptilian Animal Species (According to their Order) 20% 18% 61% 1% Orders of Reptile Lacertilia Testudines Serpentes Crocodylidae
- 8. Order-Lacertilia Why they belong different Order? •Cylindrical body, differentiated into head, body and tail •Fully developed four limbs In our country till 34 species are identified.
- 9. Family-Agamidae •Body Covered with unequal scales •Eyes wit movable lids and round pupil •Much longer tail •Breeding males often change colour Brachysaura minor Ptyctolaemus gularis Calotes versicolor
- 10. Status of Family-Agamidaes Species Sl. No Order Family Scientific Name Local Status Global Status 01 Lacertilia Agamidae Brachysaura minor RR Not Yet Been Assessed 02 Calotes emma UC Not Yet Been Assessed 03 Calotes jerdoni DD Not Yet Been Assessed 04 Calotes versicolor NO Not Yet Been Assessed 05 Draco blanfordii UC Not Yet Been Assessed 06 Draco maculatus CR Not Yet Been Assessed 07 Ptyctolaemus gularis VC Not Yet Been Assessed
- 11. Family-Gekkonidae •Many different in hand staucture •Scales are countable •Femoral, Preanal pores, Digital lamellae present •Tail breakable •Mostly nocturnal Hemidactylus frenatus
- 12. Status of Family-Gekkonidae Species Sl. No Order Family Scientific Name Local Status Global Status 01 Lacertilia Gekkonidae Cyrtodactylus ayeyarwadyensis Not Yet Been Assessed 02 Cyrtodactylus khasiensis UC/C 03 Eublepheris hardwickii 04 Gekko gecko VU 05 Hemidactylus bowringii NO 06 Hemidactylus brookii C 07 Hemidactylus flaviviridis NO 08 Hemidactylus garnotii R 09 Hemidactylus platyurus RR 10 Hemidactylus frenatus NO LC
- 13. Family-Lacertidae •Body slender, long tail •Highly varied patterns and colours •Comparatively their scales are larger on head Takydromus khasiensis
- 14. Status of Family-Lacertridae Species Sl. No Order Family Scientific Name Local Status Global Status 01 Lacertilia Lacertridae Takydromus khasiensis UC Not Yet Been Assessed
- 15. Family-Scincidae •No neck differentiated from the body •Scales smooth, glossy and most look shiny •Tail breakable •Upper temporal fossa roofed over, mainly by postfrontal, no femoral or preanal pores Eutropis carinata
- 16. Status of Family-Scincidae Species Sl. No Order Family Scientific Name Local Status Global Status 01 Lacertilia Scincidae Asymblepharus sikimmensis FF 02 Eutropis carinata C 03 Eutropis dissimilis FF 04 Eutropis macularius RR 05 Eutropis multifasciata F 06 Lygosoma adbopunctata DD Not Yet Been Assessed 07 Lygosoma bowringii RR 08 Lygosoma lineolatum RR 09 Lygosoma punctatus DD 10 Scineella reevesii RR 11 Sphenomorphus indicus UC 12 Sphenomorphus maculatus UC 13 Tropidophorus assamensis RR
- 17. Family-Varanidae •Largest lizards •Very powerful, bites very nasty •Tongue tip forked, Jacobsons organs Varanus bangalensis Varanus flavescenus
- 18. Status of Family-Varanidae Species Sl. No Order Family Scientific Name Local Status Global Status 01 Lacertilia Varanidae Varanus bengalensis VU 02 Varanus flavescens EN 03 Varanus salvator EN Not Yet Been Assessed 04 Ophisaurus gracilis RR
- 19. Number of Species (According to their Family Name of Order-Lacertilia) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Agamidae Gakkonidae Lacertidae Scincidae Varanidae
- 20. Order :Testudinata (Formerly known as Chelonia) • Rigid shell enclosing the internal organs Carapace= dorsal part Plastron= ventral part • Shell is composed of dermal bony elements covered by keratinous scutes or leathery skin; • Shell incorporates ribs, vertebrae,portions of pectoral girdle • Plastron can be rigidor hinged
- 21. • Absence of teeth (keratinous beak instead) • Freshwater species carnivorous, omnivorous, or herbivorous; terrestrial usually herbivorous. • Limb structure– flippers (marine species), webbing between digits (freshwater species), stout limbs with thickened pads (terrestrial species
- 22. According to IUCN, total 285 species under 13 families of Testudines present in the whole World. But Bangladesh supports 29 species under order Testudinata, of which 24 inland and 5 marine which are under 4 families……..
- 23. Testudines Inland Family 1: Testudinidae Family 2: Geoemydide Marine Family 3: Cheloniidae Family 4 : Dermochelyidae
- 24. List of species under Families Family Testudinidae Geoemydidae Cheloniidae Dermoche- lyidae Number of Species 2 22 4 1
- 25. Species Diversity in Bangladesh of Order: Serpentes (According to their Family Name) 7% 76% 14% 3% Testudinidae Geoemydidae Cheloniidae Dermochelyidae
- 26. Point Tortoise Turtle Definition A Tortoise is a reptile from the Chelonian family and dwells well on land. A Turtle is a reptile from the Chelonian family and dwells well in the water. Family Testudinidae Numerous families, including Dermatemydidae , Emydidae Batagaridae, Cheloniidae etc. Distribution Found mostly in Asia and Africa but some species exist in Americas too. Africa, America. Shape of the shell Mostly large dome shaped shells (with bumps on the top in some species). Mostly flat, streamlined shells. Limbs Feet are short and sturdy with bent legs. Webbed feet with long claws. Diet Most are herbivores, but some species prefer live food. Eats fruits, veggies, leafy vegetation and meat, hence they are omnivores. Lifespan 80-150 years. The longest living Tortoise is 326 years. 20-40 years. The oldest was 86 years.
- 27. Family: Testudinidae Photo of Elongated Tortoise Photo of Asian Giant Tortoise • All are land tortoise • Have very hard shell • Scaly leg present • Elephantine hindlimb present
- 28. Status and distribution of family Testudinidae SL no Scientific Name Local English Name Local Status Global Status Distribution 1 Indotestudo elongata Elongated Tortoise / Halud Pharai Kossop Endangered VU NE and SE 2 Manouria emys Asian Giant (Burmese Mountain) Tortoise Endangered VU Reported in CHT Hilltracts
- 29. Family: Geoemydidae Photo of Bostami turtle Photo of Indian Eyed Turtle •Include Batagaridae and Amedidae •Mostly aquatic •Carapace hard • Webbed toes
- 30. Photo of Indian Peacock Soft shell Turtle (Nilssonia hurum Photo of Four-toed (River) Terrapin (Batagur baska)
- 31. Family: Cheloniidae •All are marine •Body covered with scutes, not skin •Flipper like forelimb •Claw absent Photo of Loggerhead Sea turtle Photo of Hawksbill Sea turtle
- 32. Photo of Green Sea turtle Photo of Ridley olive turtle
- 33. Status and distribution of family cheloniidae SL No Scientific Name Local English Name Local Status Global Status Distribution 1 Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle Endangered EN Vagrant, no recent nesting 2 Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Endangered EN Nests St. Martin’s Island 3 Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle Critically Endangered CR Vagrant 4 Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle Vulnerable EN Martin’s Island and chars off Sundarbans
- 34. Family : Dermochelyidae Photo of Leatherback sea turtle • Largest marine turtle • Rather than a shell covering with scutes, leatherback have leathery skin • Flipper like forelimbs • Claw absent
- 35. Status and distribution of family Dermochelyidae SL No Scientific Name Local English Name Local Status Global Status Distribution 1 Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Critically Endangered EN Vagrant
- 36. Order : Serpentes • All snakes are included in serpentes order • They are ectothermic • No limbs • No eyelids, external ear • Only one functional lung • Skin is covered by scales • They are poisonous or non-poisonous
- 37. • More than 20 families, 500 genera and 3400 species are recognised in the world. • In Bangladesh 7 families, 46 genera and 94 species are found( IUCN).
- 38. Family 1: Acrochordidae Family 2: Boidae Family 3: Colubridae Family 4: Elapidae Family 5: Hydrophyidae Family 6: Typhlopidae Family 7: Viperidae
- 39. Number of Species Family Species 1. Acrochordidae 1 2. Boidae 3 3. Colubridae 56 4. Elapidae 10 5. Hydrophyidae 12 6. Typhlopidae 4 7. Viperidae 4
- 40. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POISONOUS AND NON- POISONOUS SNAKES
- 41. Family : Acrochordidae Western wart snake (Acrochordus granulatus) •Known as wart snake or elephant trunk snakes • All are aquatic • Skin covered with tiny scales • Short and blunt head
- 42. Family : Boidae Rock python( Python molirus) Sand Boa(Gongylophis conicus) •Primitive and largest snakes •They are non- poisonous •Most have vestigial limbs •Females usually grow larger than males
- 43. Family : Colubridae Buff-striped Keelback(Amphiesma stolatum) Threatened green cat snake • Largest family of snakes • Lack of pelvic girdle • Lack a functioning left lung • Head is covered by large plate like scales • Some Colubrids eat other snakes including venomous snakes
- 44. Family : Elapidae • All are venomous, some are highly venomous • Have hollow , fixed fangs used to inject venom • most have long slender bodies with smooth scales •Most elapids are oviparous •Most are active hunter Common Indian krait (Bungarus caeruleus) Banded krait(Bungarus fasciatus)
- 45. Family: Hydrophyidae Hook nosed sea snake(Enhydrina schistosa) Striped sea snake(Hydrophis fasciatus) •Most are sea snakes •They have vertically flattend tails,valvular nostrills •The morphology of Hydrophyidae resembles the elapids •Ventral scales reduced or absent
- 46. FAMILY: TYPHLOPIDAE Blind snakes. Most primitive snakes as with uniform cycloid scales. Small, Burrowing. Mouth shovel-like. Eyes are vestigial but light-detecting black eye spots present. Teeth occur in the upper jaw. Very short tail ends with a horn-like scale. 4 species of Typhlopids ,in Bangladesh. Ramphotyphlops braminus Typhlops diardii
- 47. STATUS OF SPECIES- FAMILY: TYPHLOPIDAE Sl. no Family Local name Scientific name Local status Global Status 1. Typhlopidae Bamon Dumukha Shap Ramphotyphlops braminus C Not Yet Been Assessed 2. Mota Dumukha Shap Typhlops diardii R Least Concern 3. Jerdoner Dumukha Shap Typhlops jerdonii C Not Yet Been Assessed 4. Shoru Dumukha Shap Typhlops porrectus UC Not Yet Been Assessed
- 48. FAMILY: VIPERIDAE All venomous. Head broad, triangular; distinct from neck. Heavy bodied with relatively short, slender tail. Most viviparous. 4 species of Viperids, in Bangladesh. Daboia russelii Ovophis monticola
- 49. STATUS OF SPECIES- FAMILY:VIPERIDAE Sl. no Family Local name Scientific name Local status Global Status 1. Viperidae Chandrabora Daboia russelii CR Not Yet Been Assessed 2. Chhopjukta Sabuj Bora Ovophis monticola R (DD) Least Concern 3. Sabuj Bora Trimeresurus albolabris C 4 Mohonar Shabuj Bora Trimeresurus popeiorum R
- 50. SPECIES DIVERSITY IN BANGLADESH OF ORDER: SERPENTES (ACCORDING TO THEIR FAMILY NAME) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
- 51. Order:Crocodylia Very heavy limbed, carnivorous, lizard-like ,aquatic reptiles. Body covered with hard epidermal shields. Prolonged snout. Powerful jaws with bluntly conical teeth. 4 chambered heart reptiles. Oviparous. In Bangladesh , 2 species are found in nature.
- 52. Family: Crocodylidae Crocodiles. Moderately long and pointed snout. Shields behind head are characterized for spp. Now only 1 spp. in Bangladesh. Crocodylus palustris Crocodylus Porosus
- 53. STATUS OF SPECIES-FAMILY: CROCODYLIDAE Sl. no Family Local name Scientific name Local status Global status 1. Crocodylidae Lona panir kumir Crocodylus porosus CR LR 2. Mithapani r Kumir Crocodylus palustris Extinct VU
- 54. FAMILY: GAVIALIDAE Gharials Longest, slender snout. Snout with a bulbous tip(male). Gavialis gangeticus Gharials Longest, slender snout Snout with a bulbous tip (Male)
- 55. STATUS OF SPECIES- FAMILY: GAVIALIDAE Sl. no Family Local name Scientific name Local status Global status 1. Gavialidae Ghot Kumir Gavialis gangeticus CR EN
- 56. SPECIES DIVERSITY IN BANGLADESH OF ORDER:CROCODYLIA (ACCORDING TO THEIR FAMILY NAME) Crocodylidae 50% Gavialidae 50%
- 57. COMPARATIVE LIST OF REPTILES IN BANGLADESH Group Work out by Year No. of Species Reptiles Khan 1982 124 IUCN 2000 126 EFFB (Encyclopedia of Bangladesh) 2009 147 Khan MH 2008 158 Khan 2010 157 Khan 2014 174
- 58. THANK YOU ALL