This document discusses different types of distillation processes. It begins by defining distillation as the separation of liquid mixture components through partial vaporization using heat. There are three main types discussed: flash distillation which separates volatile components via rapid vaporization; batch distillation which processes mixtures in batches and is used when continuous processes are not feasible; and continuous distillation with reflux which separates components through countercurrent vapor and liquid flow in a column with reflux. Continuous distillation involves a rectification section above the feed and a stripping section below to separate light and heavy components into overhead and bottom products.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
I found no good source for extractive distillation on the internet.So i decided to make one myself.This ppt discusses about the technology,its working and benefits.It compares extractive distillation side by side to azeotropic distillation and counts the advantages.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
I found no good source for extractive distillation on the internet.So i decided to make one myself.This ppt discusses about the technology,its working and benefits.It compares extractive distillation side by side to azeotropic distillation and counts the advantages.
The presentation gives the basic information regarding the extraction in food matrix. It includes basics of extraction, principles of extraction and the theory behind the solvent extraction. It also involves terms and terminologies involved in the extraction process, Factors affecting extraction efficiency and Types of Extractors. Mixer-Settlers for extraction, Spray extraction towers, Plate towers contactors, etc.
The seventh lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics.
Centrifugal Separation covers both sedimenting and filtering centrifuges as well as hydrocyclones. Adaptation of the gravity settling and conventional filtration models, to account for the conceptual centrifugal acceleration, is included. Examples of industrial equipment for centrifugal separation are included.
The presentation gives the basic information regarding the extraction in food matrix. It includes basics of extraction, principles of extraction and the theory behind the solvent extraction. It also involves terms and terminologies involved in the extraction process, Factors affecting extraction efficiency and Types of Extractors. Mixer-Settlers for extraction, Spray extraction towers, Plate towers contactors, etc.
The seventh lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics.
Centrifugal Separation covers both sedimenting and filtering centrifuges as well as hydrocyclones. Adaptation of the gravity settling and conventional filtration models, to account for the conceptual centrifugal acceleration, is included. Examples of industrial equipment for centrifugal separation are included.
Advance separation technology , chemical Engineering Short-Path-Distillation....savan51
## Short Path Distillation: A Deep Dive (Around 1500 Words)
Short path distillation (SPD) is a highly versatile technique for purifying and separating heat-sensitive compounds. Unlike traditional distillation methods, SPD operates under reduced pressure, significantly lowering the boiling points of liquids. This allows for the gentle and efficient purification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other delicate materials that might decompose at high temperatures.
This in-depth exploration delves into the world of short path distillation, covering its principles, components, operational procedures, applications, and advantages.
### Unveiling the Principles: The Science Behind Short Path Distillation
The core principle of SPD lies in **manipulating pressure** to achieve lower boiling points. By reducing the pressure within the distillation chamber, the energy required for a liquid to transition into a vapor state decreases. This allows for the distillation of heat-sensitive compounds at much lower temperatures compared to traditional methods at atmospheric pressure.
Here's a breakdown of the key factors at play:
* **Vapor Pressure:** Every liquid has a specific vapor pressure, which is the pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with the liquid at a given temperature. As temperature increases, the vapor pressure also rises.
* **Reduced Pressure:** In SPD, a vacuum pump is employed to significantly lower the pressure inside the distillation chamber. This reduction in pressure directly impacts the vapor pressure of the liquid mixture.
* **Lower Boiling Points:** With a lower vapor pressure required for boiling under reduced pressure, the boiling point of the liquid mixture also decreases. This allows for the gentle distillation of components without subjecting them to high temperatures that could potentially lead to decomposition.
The efficiency of SPD hinges on two additional factors:
* **Fractional Distillation:** Short path distillation often incorporates a **fractionating column** packed with a specialized material like glass beads or ceramic rings. This column provides additional surface area for vapor-liquid contact, enhancing the separation of different components within the mixture based on their relative boiling points.
* **Condensation:** The vaporized components travel upwards in the distillation flask and encounter a condenser cooled by a circulating coolant, typically water or a chilled liquid. As the vapors come into contact with the cold condenser, they condense back into their liquid forms and collect in a receiving flask.
### The Anatomy of an SPD System: Essential Components
A short path distillation system comprises several key components working in concert to achieve efficient purification:
* **Distillation Flask:** This round-bottomed flask, typically made of borosilicate glass due to its heat resistance and chemical compatibility, holds the liquid mixture to be dis
Evaporation is a phase change process. Evaporation cause cooling. This slides will explain you all types of Evaporators. All types of Evaporators will explain in this slide.Difference from Drying, Distillation, Crystallization. Three principal elements are of concern in evaporator design:
heat transfer, vapor-liquid separation, and efficient energy consumption. Critical operational and product characteristics of the solution to be evaporated have a major effect on the selection of the evaporator type most suited for the application.
Heat sensitivity
Fouling.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project.
Subject: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
Distillation is one of unit operation which is uses for separation of two or more liquids which have difference in boiling points. Basic theory and calculation of Distillation which will help to understand Distillation and stage calculation. it will be helpful for students who are studying chemical engineering and fresh engineers in chemical process industries.
This presentation details out all the process in an Oil Refinery. If you are looking to have a hawk eye view of all the oil refinery process, this presentation will set you on.
Simple explained.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
1. 786
istillation and its typesDistillation and Its Types Engr. Hafiz
AneesRehman
Quest,
NawabShah
2. Scope of Distillation
It is no secret that the subject matter of distillation is solely
located in the domain of the chemical engineer.
In many ways, it is a topic
which separates chemical
engineering from other
engineering and applied
science disciplines.
3. • Distillation may be defined as the separation of the
components of a liquid feed mixture by a process involving
partial vaporization through the application of heat.
• In general, the vapor evolved is recovered in liquid form by
condensation.
• The more volatile (lighter) components of the liquid mixture
are obtained in the vapor discharge at a higher concentration.
• The extent of the separation is governed by two important
factors: the properties of the components involved and by the
physical arrangement of the unit used for distillation.
Distillation Intro…..
4. Types/Processes of Distillation
1. Flash Distillation
2. Batch Distillation
3. Continuous Distillation with Reflux
i. Equipment and Operation
ii. Equilibrium Considerations
iii. Binary Distillation Design
iv. Multicomponent Distillation
5. Flash Distillation
• The separation of a volatile component from a
liquid process can be achieved by means of flash
distillation.
• This operation is referred to as a “flash” since the
more volatile component of a saturated liquid
mixture rapidly vaporizes upon entering a
tank or drum which is at a lower pressure and/or
higher temperature than the incoming
feed.
6. Flash Distillation
V
• F=Feed Molar Flow Rate
• V=Vapor Molar Flow Rate L
L=Liquid Molar Flow Rate.
ValveVolatile Feed Flash Drum
Pre
heat
er
7. Batch Distillation
• Although batch distillations are generally more costly
than their continuous counterparts, there are certain
applications in which batch distillation is the method
of choice.
• Batch distillation is typically chosen when it is not
possible to run a continuous process due to limiting
process constraints, the need to distill other process
streams, or because the low frequency use of
distillation does not warrant a unit devoted solely to
a specific product.
9. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX
• In a continuous distillation column, Vapor flows up
the column and liquid flows countercurrently down
the column. For the subsequent discussion regarding
continuous distillation, a binary (2-component) feed
will be assumed.
• In the case of a binary feed, the more volatile (lower
boiling) component will be referred to as the light
component, whereas the less volatile (higher boiling)
component is referred to as the heavy component.
10. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX
V, Condenser
D,xD
Rectification Sectuion Reflux Overhead Product
Feed F
Stripping Section
L V
B, xB
Bottom ProductReboiler
11. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX
• As is standard practice in binary distillation, all mole fractions
(i.e., xD, xB, xF) will be representative of the light component
only.
• Reflux ratio: The molar flow ratio of reflux returned to
distillate product collected is defined in this text as the reflux
ratio, R.
• Stripping Section: The portion of the column below the feed
tray (and including the feed tray itself) is known as the
stripping section.
• Rectification section :Upon reaching the top of the stripping
section, the rising vapor enters the portion of the column
above the feed tray, referred to as the rectification section.
12.
13. References
• Warren Lee McCabe, Julian Cleveland
Smith, Peter Harriott
• McGraw-Hill, 1985 - Technology &
Engineering - 960 pages
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operation
• https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=cb1TA
AAAMAAJ
• Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7th
edition
