The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Brief description of Skeletal Maturity indicators and advancements in this aspect .
Biochemical markers as new advancements in AGE assessment
Realtionship between SMI and CVMI , MP3 AND CVMI
Skeletal age assesment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Skeletal maturity indicators /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Brief description of Skeletal Maturity indicators and advancements in this aspect .
Biochemical markers as new advancements in AGE assessment
Realtionship between SMI and CVMI , MP3 AND CVMI
Skeletal age assesment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hand wrist x rays /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth assessment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth prediction and age estimation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth predictions /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Duration of pubertal peak in skeletal class I /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Growth and development basic concepts /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Methods of studying growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skeletal maturity indicators in orthodontics / fixed orthodontic courses by i...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
for online course please visit www.idalectures.com
for online interactive live courses/classes please visit
www.gotolectures.com.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. EVALUATION OF SKELETAL MATURATION BY
COMPARING THE HAND WRIST RADIOGRAPH AND
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AS SEEN IN LATERAL
CEPHALOGRAM
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3. Growth biologically and histologically is a
composite of morphogenetic and histogenetic
changes occurring continuously over a period
of time in response to genetic coding and
environmental influences.
It is one of the most myriad variations in nature
and plays an important role in the etiology of
malocclusion and also helps in the evaluation
of
diagnosis
treatment planning
retention and stability of a casewww.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
4. The developmental status of a child is usually
assessed in relation to events that take place
during the progress of growth.
Various biological parameters like
chronological age, dental development, height
and weight measurements, sexual maturation
have been used to identify stages of growth.
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5. The chronologic age have little or no place
in the assessment of maturational status of a
child since it is governed by various factors
like genetic, epigenetic, environmental,
nutritional, hormonal etc.
Height and weight measurements are one of
the powerful tools in growth assessment but
become impractical in clinical orthodontics as
it requires longitudinal data and needs time
and repeated observations.
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6. Dental age being used as an
indicator for maturity is a simple
but not so accurate method
because of wide variations in
eruption timing of teeth due to
the influence of local and
environmental factors.
Many researchers have agreed that skeletal
maturity is also closely related to the
craniofacial growth, and bones of hand wrist
and cervical vertebrae are very reliable
parameters in assessing it.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
7. The complete hand wrist radiograph involves
30 bones and assessment of these stages is
one elaborate task which needs
Time
Experience
Involves increased radiation exposure
therefore putting a question mark on
ALARA (As Low As Reasonably
Achievable) principle
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8. To assess the skeletal age of an individual by
interpretation of the cervical vertebrae as seen
in lateral cephalogram which is obtained as a
standard pre-treatment diagnostic record.
To correlate and evaluate the changes in the
shape and size of the cervical vertebrae with
the skeletal maturity index on a hand wrist
radiograph.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
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9. MethodologyMethodology
Total strength of the sample – 100Total strength of the sample – 100
Age group – 8 to 18 yearsAge group – 8 to 18 years
No. of groups – 10No. of groups – 10
No. of subjects - 10 with equal distribution of male andNo. of subjects - 10 with equal distribution of male and
female subjectsfemale subjects
The criteria for selection - Patients with normalThe criteria for selection - Patients with normal
occlusion, malocclusion, those undergoing orthodonticocclusion, malocclusion, those undergoing orthodontic
treatment with no congenital disorders and falling intotreatment with no congenital disorders and falling into
the norms of Indian society.the norms of Indian society.
Radiographs taken –Radiographs taken – Lateral cephalogramLateral cephalogram
Left hand wrist radiographLeft hand wrist radiograph
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10. METHODOLOGY APPLIED FOR THE STUDY
• Both radiographs were taken on the same day and were
traced using a radiographic illuminator
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11. To evaluate the maturational patterns of the
indicators in the hand wrist, eleven grade
system of Fishman was used.
This system uses only four stages of bone
maturation, all found at six anatomical sites
located on the
Thumb
Third finger
Fifth finger
Radius
Assessment of skeletal maturation using SMIs
from hand wrist radiograph as an indicator
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12. Sequence of the four ossification stages
progress through –
Epiphyseal widening on selected phalanges
Ossification of the adductor sesamoid of the
thumb
Capping of selected epiphysis over their
diaphysis and
Fusion of selected epiphysis and diaphysis.
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13. SMI 1 - The third finger proximal
phalanx shows equal width of
epiphysis and diaphysis
SMI 2 - Width of epiphysis equal to
that of diaphysis in the middle
phalanx of third finger
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14. SMI 3 - Width of epiphysis
equal to that of diaphysis in the
middle phalanx of fifth finger
SMI 4 - Appearance of
adductor sesamoid of the
thumb
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15. SMI 5 - Capping of
epiphysis seen in distal
phalanx of third finger
SMI 6 - Capping of
epiphysis seen in middle
phalanx of third finger
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16. SMI 7 - Capping of epiphysis
seen in middle phalanx of
fifth finger
SMI 8 - Fusion of epiphysis
and diaphysis in the distal
phalanx of third finger
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17. SMI 9 - Fusion of
epiphysis and diaphysis in
proximal phalanx of third
finger
SMI 10 - Fusion of epiphysis
and diaphysis in middle
phalanx of third finger
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18. SMI 11 - Fusion of epiphysis and
diaphysis seen in the radius
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19. Assessment of skeletal maturation using
cervical vertebrae
Hassel and Farman method,modification of
Lamparski’s criteria
Maturational changes of the second, third and
fourth cervical vertebrae were noted.
Six distinct stages of growth can be related to
the skeletal maturity indicator developed by
Fishman.
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20. Initiation stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 1)
(skeletal maturity indicator 1 and 2)
• C2, C3 and C4 inferior
vertebral body borders
are flat.
• Superior vertebral
borders of C3 and C4
are tapered from
posterior to anterior
(wedge shape)
• 100% of pubertal growth
remains.
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21. Acceleration stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 2)
(skeletal maturity indicator 3 and 4)
• Concavities begin to
develop on the inferior
borders of C2 and C3
• Inferior border of fourth
vertebrae remains flat
• Vertebral bodies of C3
and C4 are nearly
rectangular in shape
• 6585% of pubertal
growth remains.
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22. Transition stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 3)
(skeletal maturity indicator – 5 & 6)
• Distinct concavities
seen in lower
borders of C2 and
C3
• Developing
concavity seen in
lower border of body
of C4
• 2565% of pubertal
growth remains.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Deceleration stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 4)
(skeletal maturity indicator – 7 & 8)
• Distinct concavities
in lower borders of
C2 C3 and C4 are
observed.
• C3 and C4 are
nearly square in
shape
• 1025% of pubertal
growth remains
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24. Maturation stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 5)
(skeletal maturity indicator 9 &10)
• Accentuated
concavities of inferior
vertebral body borders
of C2, C3 and C4 are
observed
• C3 and C4 are square
in shape
• 510% of pubertal
growth remains
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25. Completion stage of cervical vertebrae (CVMI – 6)
(skeletal maturity indicator 11)
• Deep concavities are
present for inferior
vertebral body borders
of C2, C3 & C4
• C3 & C4 height are
greater than widths
• Pubertal growth has
been completed
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26. SMI scores and CVMI scores were obtained
and analyzed with reference to –
chronological age and sex.
SMI and CVMI were compared with each
other and their correlation was established
statistically.
Data obtained was fed into the computer and
statistical analysis was performed for the same
using the software “Statistical Package for Social
Sciences” SPSS for windows (version 10.0) and
analysed accordingly.
RESULTS
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27. STRIKING FEATURES –
The maturation development for females was
earlier than their male counterparts.
Growth spurts existed for a longer duration in
males as compared to their female counterparts.
Mean age for INITIATION (SMI1)
FEMALES 8.00 ± 0.00 years
MALES 8.43 ± 0.535 years
Mean age of COMPLETION (SMI 11)
FEMALES 16.18 ± 0.874 years
MALES 16.56 ± 0.527 years
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28. Mean age of both the sexes for CVMI is steadily
increasing in relation to an increase in CVMI
grade.
Mean age for the initiation
FEMALES- 8.73 ± 0.405 years
MALES- 8.83 ± 0.937 years
The mean age for maximum puberty growth spurt
FEMALES-13.00 ± 1.414 years
MALES- 13.40 ± 0.548 years
Eleven discrete stages of SMI can be confidently
correlated to corresponding 6 stages of CVMI in
both male and female subjects.
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29. The present study shows thatThe present study shows that
chronological age is not achronological age is not a
reliable indicator of maturationreliable indicator of maturation
and did not correlate withand did not correlate with
skeletal maturation indicatorsskeletal maturation indicators
(SMI and CVMI).(SMI and CVMI).
These results are inThese results are in
confirmation with studiesconfirmation with studies
conducted by Bjork and Helmconducted by Bjork and Helm
(1967), Brown (1976),(1967), Brown (1976),
Fishman (1979, 1982, 1987)Fishman (1979, 1982, 1987)
and Hagg and Tarangerand Hagg and Taranger
(1982).(1982).
DISCUSSION
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30. Various authors like Greulich and Pyle (1950),Various authors like Greulich and Pyle (1950),
Nanda (1955), Bjork (1967), Fishman (1979,Nanda (1955), Bjork (1967), Fishman (1979,
1982, 1987),Lamparski (1972), Hagg and1982, 1987),Lamparski (1972), Hagg and
Taranger (1982), Grave and Brown (1976), haveTaranger (1982), Grave and Brown (1976), have
concluded that the skeletal maturity ofconcluded that the skeletal maturity of
craniofacial region is most closely related tocraniofacial region is most closely related to
bones of hand and wrist and cervical vertebraebones of hand and wrist and cervical vertebrae
plays a vital role in assessing it.plays a vital role in assessing it.
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31. Many investigators namely Helm et al (1971),Many investigators namely Helm et al (1971),
Tanner (1975), Grave and Brown (1976), Hagg,Tanner (1975), Grave and Brown (1976), Hagg,
Taranger (1980), Fishman (1982), haveTaranger (1980), Fishman (1982), have
delineated several specific ossification stagesdelineated several specific ossification stages
that occurred before, at or after peak heightthat occurred before, at or after peak height
velocity.velocity.
The identification of skeletal maturation levelThe identification of skeletal maturation level
provides a useful means of identification ofprovides a useful means of identification of
specific points along the progressive path ofspecific points along the progressive path of
adolescent growth. It is analogous to mileageadolescent growth. It is analogous to mileage
signs posted along a highway between twosigns posted along a highway between two
cities.cities.
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32. Cervical vertebrae radiograph does not score
over the hand wrist radiograph in revealing the
maturity status of an individual.
However, it is as good as a hand wrist radiograph
for its diagnostic value in those patients where
we do not need to know the exact skeletal age of
a patient.
CONCLUSION
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33. This can be helpful to know whether the patient
will grow during the one or two years treatment
period and whether the percentage of growth can
reasonably be expected during the time when
orthopaedic treatment is initiated.
All this at a significantly reduced radiation
exposure to the patient and less elaborate
armamentarium itself places cervical vertebrae in
the same platform as a hand wrist radiograph.
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34. Definitely a need forDefinitely a need for
further study with a largerfurther study with a larger
sample is required as itsample is required as it
can show much highercan show much higher
correlation than thecorrelation than the
reading we have seen inreading we have seen in
this study.this study.
affirmation confirmation
To say that this is a much better method than the
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35. It is rightly said that “what we do today, rightIt is rightly said that “what we do today, right
now, will have an accumulated effect on all ournow, will have an accumulated effect on all our
tomorrows”. So, to take advantage of growth wetomorrows”. So, to take advantage of growth we
must have an idea of first its magnitude, secondmust have an idea of first its magnitude, second
its direction and third the element of timing. Useits direction and third the element of timing. Use
of the element of timing of maximum growth inof the element of timing of maximum growth in
conjunction with one’s knowledge of magnitudeconjunction with one’s knowledge of magnitude
and direction, readily transforms orthodontics toand direction, readily transforms orthodontics to
a profession ofa profession of “Face Forming, As Well As Tooth“Face Forming, As Well As Tooth
Positioning”.Positioning”.
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