Contains information on how one can utilize open architecture controller to run a two axis CNC machine

1. Elimination of proprietary control
for two axis CNC machine
By: Sakib Sarguroh
Roll No: ME218
Under the guidance of
Prof. Arun.B.Rane
Department of Production Engineering
Fr. Conceicao College of Engg, Bandra
2015-16

2. Acknowledgement
• Prof. Arun. B. Rane, Guide
• Prof. Saurabh. A. Korgaonkar, Co-guide
• Prof. D.S.S.Sudhakar, HOD
• Dr. Srija Unnikrishnan, Principal
• Faculty members of Production Dept
• Chirag, BE student
• John Saunders, SMW
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3. Table of Contents
1. Introduction to CNC
2. Literature Review
3. Motivation
4. Problem statement
5. Scope and objective
6. Methodology
7. Design of controller
8. Image to drawing file conversion
9. Experimental setup
10. Results and discussion
11. Conclusion and future scope
12. References
13. Publications
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4. Introduction to CNC
• CNC machines play a vital role in
manufacturing industry.
• Majority of operations like milling, cutting,
drilling operations are carried out by CNC
machines.
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5. • CNC machines utilize G & M code language
generated by CAM systems that use CAD data.
• Gcode is a programming language providing
information in terms of X, Y and Z co-ordinates.
• These codes are sent to software of CNC
(Computer Numeric Controller) for carrying out
the desired operation.
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6. Literature review
• Banzi Massimo and co-founders developed
Arduino Uno at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea, Italy in 2005.
• It is an open source platform and its
components are off the shelf.
• It can read analog and digital input and give
digital output.
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7. Arduino hardware and software
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8. • In 2009, Skogsrud Simen Svale graced open
source community by introducing Grbl shield.
• It is a high performance, low cost, open source
alternative to parallel port based motion control
for CNC.
• It is compatible with and
runs on Arduino Uno.
• It works for 3 axis
machines.
• Arcs, circles and helical
motions are completely
supported.
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9. Motivation
• Conventional CNC machines require heavy
investment.
• Non-availability to control and enhance inputs.
• Prevents modification to the program codes
which is generally retained by vendors who
distribute the software in compiled perform.
• Windows based CNC control provides better
traceability, scalability, connectivity and versatility
enabling cost reduction and quality
improvement.
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10. Problem statement
• The problem can be stated as generalization of
controller which can take G and M codes
generated by any CAD/CAM software and
execute it by means of a windows based
application to draw the desired figure using
simple hardware setup.
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11. Scope and objective
• To develop a universal controller
• To convert JPEG or PNG image into drawing file
and generate gcode for the drawing
• To develop a simple two axis CNC machine
• To measure the accuracy of the drawn figur.
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12. Methodology
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Connecting Stepper motors to
Grbl shield
Inputting G & M code file to
UGS
Visualizing the outpu
Importing CAD file into CAD
software
Performing 2D manufacturing
Generating G & M code file
Linking UGS software with
hardware
JPEG image to CAD file
Executing program to draw the
image

13. Design of controller
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14. 14

15. Xloader
• Software for uploading hex file to Arduino Uno
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16. Universal GcodeSender
• Java based application for interfacing with GRBL
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17. Steps/mm calculations
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18. 18

19. G-code visualizer
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20. Image to drawing file conversion
• JPEG Image to be drawn is converted into CAD file (.prt
or .dxf) using an Img2CAD converter software
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21. • This file is then imported into UG NX 5.0 software
where it is scaled to required dimensions as shown
in figure below.
Drawing file imported in UG Nx 5
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22. • 2D manufacturing is carried out onto the scaled
drawing and post-processing is done to obtain G
and M codes of the required drawing which is saved
with extension .nc as shown in figure below.
2D manufacturing and Gcode generation of the image
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23. Experimental setup
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25. • The gcode file is given as an input to the
Universal GcodeSender software which is linked
to the Arduino Uno and Grbl shield V5 hardware
via serial communication i.e. Universal Serial
Bus(USB) port of a laptop as shown in figure.
Gcode file sent to Universal Gcode Sender
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26. • The output to be obtained can be visualized before
executing the program as shown in figure below.
Fig : Gcode output visualizer
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27. • The program is then executed which runs the
stepper motors connected to respective
drivers on the GRBL shield.
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29. Results and discussion
Based on the experiment performed, the following
observations have been made:
i. Variation of 4.1% in sides of hexagon has been
observed after converting the image file into drawing
file affecting the overall accuracy by the same
variation.
ii. Variation of 5.3% has been observed in diameter
across x and y axis after converting the image file of
circle into drawing affecting the overall accuracy by
same variation.
iii. Small arcs are formed at corners of hexagon sides
causing reduction in speed of machine when it
changes path.
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30. Comparison of dimension in Nx and drawn
through machine
Hexagon Circle
Parameters (in mm)
Parameters (in
mm)
Maximum length
across x-axis
Maximum length
across y-axis
Length of side Diameter
Dimension in UG NX 5 57.95 54.9 29.3 60.1
Dimension obtained on
machine
56.1 52.7 30 61
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31. Conclusion
• By eliminating proprietary control user will
have flexibility to access to inner features of
hardware and software which is of closed
nature in case of controllers of conventional
CNC machines.
• This technology will not only provide adaptable
solutions but also is cost efficient when
compared to traditional CNC controllers.
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32. Future scope
• The work on this project can be continued to
develop a 3 axis CNC machine similar to a
milling machine as Grbl shield supports 3 axis
machines.
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33. References
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34. Publications
• Sakib Shaukat Sarguroh, Arun Bhiva Rane, Saurabh A.
Korgaonkar, D. S. S. Sudhakar, 2016, “Elimination of
Proprietary Control for Computerized Numerical
Control (CNC) Machine,” Journal of Basic and Applied
Research International, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 211-
217.
• Sakib Shaukat Sarguroh, Arun Bhiva Rane, Saurabh A.
Korgaonkar, D. S. S. Sudhakar, “Utilization of Grbl-
Arduino based controller to run a two axis
Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machine,”
Mechatronics – The Science of Intelligent Machines
(Under Review).
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36. Thank you