This document is a project report on the development of a 2D CNC plotter. It was submitted by five students - Ankur Gunagi, Divakar Kakodkar, Rushab Gaonkar, Kennedy Estibeiro, and Adarsh Gawade - under the guidance of their lecturer Prasad S. Naik at the Government Polytechnic College in Curchem, Goa from 2020-2023. The report includes chapters on the materials and methodology used to build the 2D plotter, its components, how it operates, and conclusions. It provides certificates signed by the guide and principal to verify the students' work.
Nazmul Hasan completed a 14-week internship at Jutta Sdn Bhd, where he worked in the IT department as a web developer. During his internship, he learned new computer skills, improved his communication and problem-solving abilities, and gained experience applying concepts from his university courses. He encountered some challenges, such as incorrectly entering employee data, but was able to correct his mistake. Overall, Nazmul found the internship very useful for exploring his career interests and strengthening his job skills.
The document describes a project report submitted by three students - Suraj Maurya, Neel Shukla, and Nilesh Poojary - for their final year diploma in computer engineering on the topic of a "Mini CNC Plotter". It provides details of the project including an introduction, literature review, objectives, hardware and software requirements, hardware and software explanations, block diagrams, coding, testing procedures, working, applications, and conclusions. The report aims to provide complete information about designing and developing a mini computer numerical control (CNC) plotter.
Design and Fabrication of Electronic Pen PlotterAbhishek Mittal
This project deals with the designing and fabrication of an electronic pen plotter using control theory approach. Derivation of dynamic equation and trajectory potting are done usin control theory. Arduino is used as platform for the controlling the joints in the real world. Reduction of nonlinear characteristics of the serial manipulator has been observed.
3D printing has been a great technology in this century of amazing technology. Here is a presentation of a Arduino based 3D Printer which is very cheap to design, so that every one can afford and build this by itself.
This document provides guidelines for submitting a major project synopsis, including formatting requirements and content sections. The synopsis should be 5 pages or less and include: 1) a problem profile, 2) the proposed idea, 3) project requirements, 4) modules to be implemented with diagrams, 5) a data flow diagram, 6) 2-3 applications, and 7) a bibliography. The content should be typed in Times New Roman 12 pt font with 1.5 line spacing and figures/tables can be inserted or appended. Headings should be bold 14 pt font.
The document describes a CNC machine plotter system with 3-axis control. It includes 5 team members, an introduction to CNC machines, the plotter's history, features, architecture, operation modes, algorithms, and testing/simulations. The system architecture has software, mechanical, and electronic subsystems. The software interprets G-code programs to move 3 motors controlling the x, y, z coordinates. Algorithms like Bresenham and midpoint are used for line and circle drawing. Testing is done in Proteus simulator before final demonstration.
This document summarizes the final report of a student design project to develop a pneumatically controlled landing gear system for semi-trailer trucks. Currently, landing gears are manually operated using a hand crank. The project aimed to design a system using compressed air from the truck's brake lines to raise and lower the gear with the push of a button.
After researching existing designs and users' needs, the team designed a system using an air wrench, v-belt, and gears to amplify torque from the wrench. They built a prototype, tested it, and found it could raise or lower the gear in under 30 seconds. However, the prototype cost over $500 to build. Further work is needed to reduce costs
1. The document is a cooperative training report submitted by Anas Marwan Kaaki to Yanbu Industrial College covering his 8-week training at the Natural Petrochemical Industrial Company (NATPET) in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
2. The report details 5 work orders Kaaki assisted with during his training, providing information on the equipment involved, observed issues, recommendations, work performed, and conclusions. The equipment included a blower, regenerate pump, hydrogen compressor, rotary feeder, and vertical pump.
3. Kaaki gained experience in mechanical maintenance, observing common machinery problems, performing tasks like replacing seals and bearings, and working with other trainees and NATPET employees during the process. The
Nazmul Hasan completed a 14-week internship at Jutta Sdn Bhd, where he worked in the IT department as a web developer. During his internship, he learned new computer skills, improved his communication and problem-solving abilities, and gained experience applying concepts from his university courses. He encountered some challenges, such as incorrectly entering employee data, but was able to correct his mistake. Overall, Nazmul found the internship very useful for exploring his career interests and strengthening his job skills.
The document describes a project report submitted by three students - Suraj Maurya, Neel Shukla, and Nilesh Poojary - for their final year diploma in computer engineering on the topic of a "Mini CNC Plotter". It provides details of the project including an introduction, literature review, objectives, hardware and software requirements, hardware and software explanations, block diagrams, coding, testing procedures, working, applications, and conclusions. The report aims to provide complete information about designing and developing a mini computer numerical control (CNC) plotter.
Design and Fabrication of Electronic Pen PlotterAbhishek Mittal
This project deals with the designing and fabrication of an electronic pen plotter using control theory approach. Derivation of dynamic equation and trajectory potting are done usin control theory. Arduino is used as platform for the controlling the joints in the real world. Reduction of nonlinear characteristics of the serial manipulator has been observed.
3D printing has been a great technology in this century of amazing technology. Here is a presentation of a Arduino based 3D Printer which is very cheap to design, so that every one can afford and build this by itself.
This document provides guidelines for submitting a major project synopsis, including formatting requirements and content sections. The synopsis should be 5 pages or less and include: 1) a problem profile, 2) the proposed idea, 3) project requirements, 4) modules to be implemented with diagrams, 5) a data flow diagram, 6) 2-3 applications, and 7) a bibliography. The content should be typed in Times New Roman 12 pt font with 1.5 line spacing and figures/tables can be inserted or appended. Headings should be bold 14 pt font.
The document describes a CNC machine plotter system with 3-axis control. It includes 5 team members, an introduction to CNC machines, the plotter's history, features, architecture, operation modes, algorithms, and testing/simulations. The system architecture has software, mechanical, and electronic subsystems. The software interprets G-code programs to move 3 motors controlling the x, y, z coordinates. Algorithms like Bresenham and midpoint are used for line and circle drawing. Testing is done in Proteus simulator before final demonstration.
This document summarizes the final report of a student design project to develop a pneumatically controlled landing gear system for semi-trailer trucks. Currently, landing gears are manually operated using a hand crank. The project aimed to design a system using compressed air from the truck's brake lines to raise and lower the gear with the push of a button.
After researching existing designs and users' needs, the team designed a system using an air wrench, v-belt, and gears to amplify torque from the wrench. They built a prototype, tested it, and found it could raise or lower the gear in under 30 seconds. However, the prototype cost over $500 to build. Further work is needed to reduce costs
1. The document is a cooperative training report submitted by Anas Marwan Kaaki to Yanbu Industrial College covering his 8-week training at the Natural Petrochemical Industrial Company (NATPET) in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
2. The report details 5 work orders Kaaki assisted with during his training, providing information on the equipment involved, observed issues, recommendations, work performed, and conclusions. The equipment included a blower, regenerate pump, hydrogen compressor, rotary feeder, and vertical pump.
3. Kaaki gained experience in mechanical maintenance, observing common machinery problems, performing tasks like replacing seals and bearings, and working with other trainees and NATPET employees during the process. The
This document is a project report submitted by MD Dilshad for the partial fulfillment of a diploma in computer science and engineering from Maulana Azad National Urdu University. It details their 24 week industrial training with Web Monk Technology in New Delhi, where they worked on website designing and development using HTML, CSS, PHP, and WordPress. The objectives of the training were to gain practical experience in a real work environment, apply academic knowledge, and prepare for future employment.
Computer science industrial training report carried out at web info net ltd ...rashid muganga
The intern disassembled and assembled a computer system at Web Info-Net Ltd. This involved disconnecting cables, removing components like the motherboard, RAM, hard drive and installing them in reverse order. The intern also performed tasks like installing operating systems, networking, web development, and Linux administration to gain practical skills in various areas of IT. The 3 month internship helped the intern develop both knowledge and skills to prepare for employment in the field of computer science.
This document is the main project report for a 2D robotic plotter (CNC model) created by four students at the Government Engineering College Idukki. It describes the hardware and software used to build a 2D robotic plotter controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The plotter uses stepper motors for the X and Y axes and a servo motor to control the pen. Software like Inkscape, CAMotics, Arduino IDE and Processing were used to design drawings, generate gcode files, and program the Arduino. The report provides details of the various components, software programs, and overall design and functioning of the 2D robotic plotter built as part of fulfilling B.Tech degree requirements.
The document summarizes the cooperative assignment of Arwa Alamri at Saudi Aramco. It discusses her work in the Enterprise Architecture unit serving under the EXPEC Computing Planning & Technology Division. Key activities included mapping ECC business processes using the MEGA tool, validating SDLC processes, and ensuring roles and responsibilities are defined for each process. The assignment provided valuable experience in enterprise architecture, business process management, and gaining insights into working in a large organization.
This presentation gives the details about the data types available in Embedded C. It also discusses the pros and cons of writing codes in C for 8051. Different example codes are considered.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT AT PRABHULINGESHWAR SUGARSbkshivkumar012
The document provides details about an industrial training report submitted by Shivkumar Kashinath S Jayadhar at Prabhulingeshwar Sugars and Chemicals Ltd in Jamkhandi, Karnataka, India from June 10th to July 9th 2016. The report covers the trainee's investigation of various transducers used to monitor key process parameters like pressure, temperature, flow, level, Brix, pH, etc. at the sugar factory. It provides working principles, diagrams, specifications and advantages/disadvantages of different pressure measurement instruments like Bourdon tube gauges, diaphragm gauges, capsule gauges and bellows gauges.
This is a unique project of machine tools operations. Primarily it's working with Arduino programming. This machine is detected keen measurements in a solid surface, And also maintaining visual performance while its completed the deeds.
In today’s world, the basic requirement of any industry is to produce large quantity and quality products with low production and installation cost having a high surface finish and great dimensional accuracy. So this can be achieved by a machine which is controlled by Computer. They are basically known as CNC machines. This is the prototype of CNC machines.
The document provides details about the author's internship at Jubilant Life Sciences. It discusses:
1) The author's responsibilities in controlling machines like pumps, boilers, and compressors to regulate mass flow rates, temperatures, and pressures.
2) A challenging situation where boiler furnace temperature increased drastically due to high coal mass flow, which was solved by shutting down some nozzles.
3) Maintenance tasks performed on equipment like testing and maintaining a heat exchanger, setting up a new refrigeration system, and replacing compressor parts.
Industrial Training Report on PLC & SCADAAman Jaiswal
The Most Used Guiding Force Behind An Automated Industrial Plant Is A "Programmable Logic Controller" Generally Known As A PLC. PLCs Along With Certain Other Necessary Ingredients Like Sensors, Motors, Actuators, Valves, Conveyors, Boilers, SCADA Systems, Computers & Many More, Makes A Real Automated Manufacturing Plant.
This is my report that i did for my industrial placement or what one would call internship. It has some detailed information that can help anyone in the field of IT.
It has all sorts of topics like networks, systems administration and many others.
Hitech Machine Tools is a manufacturing company located in Faridabad, Haryana, India that produces jigs, dies, and other equipment for automotive companies. It was founded in 1996 and has an annual turnover of 3 crores. The company has 50 employees and produces a variety of products including gauges, hydraulic systems, and automotive components. It aims to provide quality products at reasonable prices and good after-sales service to customers. The founder, Mr. Rakesh Sharma, started the company with a goal of supporting the domestic automotive industry in India.
3341904 cad lab_manual_prepared by vipul hinguVipul Hingu
The document is a lab manual that provides instructions for computer aided design (CAD) experiments. It includes:
- An introductory section listing the experiments and their aims.
- Detailed steps for drawing 2D and 3D models using AutoCAD, including commands used and figures illustrating each step.
- The experiments cover topics like 2D drawing, 3D solid modeling, and 3D surface modeling. Students are instructed to follow the steps to recreate sample models and practice CAD skills.
The report describes the knowledge and experience gained during a 28-week internship at YASREF, a refining company under construction. It focuses on several construction activities observed, including pressure testing of pipes, post-weld heat treatment of welding joints, tightening flange bolts, pump alignment, and belt splicing. Each activity is described in detail with photos and references to standards. The report also includes three case studies, the first being a designed base case and the others involving problems encountered during construction.
CAD & CAM systems are used across various departments in industries from design to production. CAD is used for computer-aided design and involves using computers to aid the design process. CAM involves using computers to support manufacturing and includes numerical control of machines. The implementation of CAD/CAM systems provides benefits such as increased productivity and flexibility, improved quality and communication, and reduced costs and lead times.
This document is a training report submitted by M.K.P.R. Jayawardhana detailing their internship at WSO2 Lanka (pvt) Ltd from February 28, 2011 to September 23, 2011. The report includes an introduction to WSO2 as the training establishment, an overview of their technical training experiences working on projects related to security and implementing SAML to XACML, and a conclusion reflecting on the overall training.
It provides background on WSO2's vision, business model, organizational structure, and products. The technical training section describes building a sample client, developing an entitlement handler, and implementing SAML single sign-on for authentication and authorization using XACML. Non-
Diploma Final Year Project,
Title : CD-ROM CNC Plotter
College : Agnel Polytechnic , Vashi, Navi Mumbai
Year : 2016-2017,
Course : Mechanical Engineering
Group Members : 4
The document provides information about CNC programming and machining centers. It discusses the history of NC, CNC and DNC machines. It describes the basic components of NC machines including the part program, program tape, machine control unit and machine tool. It also covers CNC machines, the differences between NC and CNC, classifications of NC machines, direct numerical control systems, and features of machining centers such as automatic tool changers and automatic work positioning. Finally, it discusses CNC programming including word address format, program blocks, sequence numbers, feed and spindle functions, tool selection, preparatory codes and miscellaneous codes.
The document provides an overview of the training organization Zone24x7. It describes Zone24x7 as a technological company that provides hardware and software solutions. It details Zone24x7's organizational structure, products and services, partners and clients, and an assessment of its current position including strengths, weaknesses and suggestions. The training experience involved working on various software development projects at Zone24x7 to gain exposure to tools, technologies and company practices.
IRJET - An Embedded Approach for Design and Development of the Mini CNC C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a mini computer numerical control (CNC) cutter using an Arduino board and stepper motors from CD drives. The CNC cutter uses two CD drives for the X and Y axes and a servo motor for the Z axis. Software like Inkscape is used to generate G-code from images and Processing is used to simulate the G-code and control the stepper motors. The CNC cutter was able to successfully cut shapes in materials by moving the stepper motors according to the G-code generated from the input image or design. The mini low-cost CNC cutter was developed as an embedded system for applications requiring basic cutting of smooth objects.
This document describes a student project to create a 2D writing and sketching machine using a CNC system. The project aims to precisely control a writing instrument on a flat surface to automatically produce handwritten notes or drawings. The document outlines the objectives, materials, working mechanism, features, results and future scope of the automated CNC writing machine. It allows producing handwritten text and images without human effort by inputting designs into software that generates control codes for the stepper motors. This has applications for students, artists, and those with disabilities. The project provides experience in integrating software, circuits and hardware to develop an automated writing solution.
This document is a project report submitted by MD Dilshad for the partial fulfillment of a diploma in computer science and engineering from Maulana Azad National Urdu University. It details their 24 week industrial training with Web Monk Technology in New Delhi, where they worked on website designing and development using HTML, CSS, PHP, and WordPress. The objectives of the training were to gain practical experience in a real work environment, apply academic knowledge, and prepare for future employment.
Computer science industrial training report carried out at web info net ltd ...rashid muganga
The intern disassembled and assembled a computer system at Web Info-Net Ltd. This involved disconnecting cables, removing components like the motherboard, RAM, hard drive and installing them in reverse order. The intern also performed tasks like installing operating systems, networking, web development, and Linux administration to gain practical skills in various areas of IT. The 3 month internship helped the intern develop both knowledge and skills to prepare for employment in the field of computer science.
This document is the main project report for a 2D robotic plotter (CNC model) created by four students at the Government Engineering College Idukki. It describes the hardware and software used to build a 2D robotic plotter controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The plotter uses stepper motors for the X and Y axes and a servo motor to control the pen. Software like Inkscape, CAMotics, Arduino IDE and Processing were used to design drawings, generate gcode files, and program the Arduino. The report provides details of the various components, software programs, and overall design and functioning of the 2D robotic plotter built as part of fulfilling B.Tech degree requirements.
The document summarizes the cooperative assignment of Arwa Alamri at Saudi Aramco. It discusses her work in the Enterprise Architecture unit serving under the EXPEC Computing Planning & Technology Division. Key activities included mapping ECC business processes using the MEGA tool, validating SDLC processes, and ensuring roles and responsibilities are defined for each process. The assignment provided valuable experience in enterprise architecture, business process management, and gaining insights into working in a large organization.
This presentation gives the details about the data types available in Embedded C. It also discusses the pros and cons of writing codes in C for 8051. Different example codes are considered.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT AT PRABHULINGESHWAR SUGARSbkshivkumar012
The document provides details about an industrial training report submitted by Shivkumar Kashinath S Jayadhar at Prabhulingeshwar Sugars and Chemicals Ltd in Jamkhandi, Karnataka, India from June 10th to July 9th 2016. The report covers the trainee's investigation of various transducers used to monitor key process parameters like pressure, temperature, flow, level, Brix, pH, etc. at the sugar factory. It provides working principles, diagrams, specifications and advantages/disadvantages of different pressure measurement instruments like Bourdon tube gauges, diaphragm gauges, capsule gauges and bellows gauges.
This is a unique project of machine tools operations. Primarily it's working with Arduino programming. This machine is detected keen measurements in a solid surface, And also maintaining visual performance while its completed the deeds.
In today’s world, the basic requirement of any industry is to produce large quantity and quality products with low production and installation cost having a high surface finish and great dimensional accuracy. So this can be achieved by a machine which is controlled by Computer. They are basically known as CNC machines. This is the prototype of CNC machines.
The document provides details about the author's internship at Jubilant Life Sciences. It discusses:
1) The author's responsibilities in controlling machines like pumps, boilers, and compressors to regulate mass flow rates, temperatures, and pressures.
2) A challenging situation where boiler furnace temperature increased drastically due to high coal mass flow, which was solved by shutting down some nozzles.
3) Maintenance tasks performed on equipment like testing and maintaining a heat exchanger, setting up a new refrigeration system, and replacing compressor parts.
Industrial Training Report on PLC & SCADAAman Jaiswal
The Most Used Guiding Force Behind An Automated Industrial Plant Is A "Programmable Logic Controller" Generally Known As A PLC. PLCs Along With Certain Other Necessary Ingredients Like Sensors, Motors, Actuators, Valves, Conveyors, Boilers, SCADA Systems, Computers & Many More, Makes A Real Automated Manufacturing Plant.
This is my report that i did for my industrial placement or what one would call internship. It has some detailed information that can help anyone in the field of IT.
It has all sorts of topics like networks, systems administration and many others.
Hitech Machine Tools is a manufacturing company located in Faridabad, Haryana, India that produces jigs, dies, and other equipment for automotive companies. It was founded in 1996 and has an annual turnover of 3 crores. The company has 50 employees and produces a variety of products including gauges, hydraulic systems, and automotive components. It aims to provide quality products at reasonable prices and good after-sales service to customers. The founder, Mr. Rakesh Sharma, started the company with a goal of supporting the domestic automotive industry in India.
3341904 cad lab_manual_prepared by vipul hinguVipul Hingu
The document is a lab manual that provides instructions for computer aided design (CAD) experiments. It includes:
- An introductory section listing the experiments and their aims.
- Detailed steps for drawing 2D and 3D models using AutoCAD, including commands used and figures illustrating each step.
- The experiments cover topics like 2D drawing, 3D solid modeling, and 3D surface modeling. Students are instructed to follow the steps to recreate sample models and practice CAD skills.
The report describes the knowledge and experience gained during a 28-week internship at YASREF, a refining company under construction. It focuses on several construction activities observed, including pressure testing of pipes, post-weld heat treatment of welding joints, tightening flange bolts, pump alignment, and belt splicing. Each activity is described in detail with photos and references to standards. The report also includes three case studies, the first being a designed base case and the others involving problems encountered during construction.
CAD & CAM systems are used across various departments in industries from design to production. CAD is used for computer-aided design and involves using computers to aid the design process. CAM involves using computers to support manufacturing and includes numerical control of machines. The implementation of CAD/CAM systems provides benefits such as increased productivity and flexibility, improved quality and communication, and reduced costs and lead times.
This document is a training report submitted by M.K.P.R. Jayawardhana detailing their internship at WSO2 Lanka (pvt) Ltd from February 28, 2011 to September 23, 2011. The report includes an introduction to WSO2 as the training establishment, an overview of their technical training experiences working on projects related to security and implementing SAML to XACML, and a conclusion reflecting on the overall training.
It provides background on WSO2's vision, business model, organizational structure, and products. The technical training section describes building a sample client, developing an entitlement handler, and implementing SAML single sign-on for authentication and authorization using XACML. Non-
Diploma Final Year Project,
Title : CD-ROM CNC Plotter
College : Agnel Polytechnic , Vashi, Navi Mumbai
Year : 2016-2017,
Course : Mechanical Engineering
Group Members : 4
The document provides information about CNC programming and machining centers. It discusses the history of NC, CNC and DNC machines. It describes the basic components of NC machines including the part program, program tape, machine control unit and machine tool. It also covers CNC machines, the differences between NC and CNC, classifications of NC machines, direct numerical control systems, and features of machining centers such as automatic tool changers and automatic work positioning. Finally, it discusses CNC programming including word address format, program blocks, sequence numbers, feed and spindle functions, tool selection, preparatory codes and miscellaneous codes.
The document provides an overview of the training organization Zone24x7. It describes Zone24x7 as a technological company that provides hardware and software solutions. It details Zone24x7's organizational structure, products and services, partners and clients, and an assessment of its current position including strengths, weaknesses and suggestions. The training experience involved working on various software development projects at Zone24x7 to gain exposure to tools, technologies and company practices.
IRJET - An Embedded Approach for Design and Development of the Mini CNC C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a mini computer numerical control (CNC) cutter using an Arduino board and stepper motors from CD drives. The CNC cutter uses two CD drives for the X and Y axes and a servo motor for the Z axis. Software like Inkscape is used to generate G-code from images and Processing is used to simulate the G-code and control the stepper motors. The CNC cutter was able to successfully cut shapes in materials by moving the stepper motors according to the G-code generated from the input image or design. The mini low-cost CNC cutter was developed as an embedded system for applications requiring basic cutting of smooth objects.
This document describes a student project to create a 2D writing and sketching machine using a CNC system. The project aims to precisely control a writing instrument on a flat surface to automatically produce handwritten notes or drawings. The document outlines the objectives, materials, working mechanism, features, results and future scope of the automated CNC writing machine. It allows producing handwritten text and images without human effort by inputting designs into software that generates control codes for the stepper motors. This has applications for students, artists, and those with disabilities. The project provides experience in integrating software, circuits and hardware to develop an automated writing solution.
This document is a major project report submitted by G. Rajesh to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The project involves the design of an X-Y-Z plotter under the guidance of Dr. N. Dinesh Kumar. The report includes declarations, certificates, acknowledgements, lists of abbreviations and figures, as well as chapters on the introduction, literature review, block diagram, hardware components, software, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusion.
Design and implementation of pcb laying using CNC machine controlling with w...Venkatkumar78
The document describes the design of a low-cost wireless CNC machine. It proposes using an Arduino microcontroller connected to stepper motors via a CNC shield to control the movement of a plotting device. The Arduino would be wirelessly connected via Bluetooth to a PC or phone to receive G-code instructions. Block diagrams and explanations of the system components are provided, along with advantages like low cost, accuracy, and the ability to continuously run productions. Applications mentioned include PCB design, woodworking, and laser welding.
2D Robotic Plotter is implemented based on the principle of Computer Numeric Control (CNC). Normally,Computer Aided Design software (CAD) can be used as the replacement for manual drafting with an automated process. A 2D Robotic Plotter basically works with two stepped motors and a Servo motor with the control of ATMEGA168p Microcontroller. In our proposed methodology an ARDUINO IDE platform controls the Motor Driver Shield (L293D) for the movement of the pen in the x and y direction to the rotation in stepper motors. The servo motor is used for raising and lowering the pen in vertical directions. Ink-scape and G-Code is used for converting the drawing into control signals used by Microcontroller. In Ink-scape (0.48.5)is an open source software that binds the program along with the diagram for the efficient plotting. Also G-code is a numeric control programming language which is used mainly in computer aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools. The2D robotic plotter is a low cost embedded equivalent CNC controller and can be widely used in areas where the accuracy is considered.
This document describes a student project to design and build a low-cost CNC plotter machine using inexpensive hardware. The CNC plotter will be able to draw images and diagrams on surfaces up to A4 size using a pen. The students will use software like Inkscape and Fritzing to convert images into G-code instructions and control the plotter using an Arduino microcontroller. Stepper motors will enable movement along the X, Y and Z axes. The goal is to create a portable and inexpensive CNC plotter that can be used for PCB design and other drawing applications.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL PLOTTER WITH AN...Chiranjit Adhikary
Today the Growth of Technology and utilization of CNC machine are Rapid increased. Numerical control is such a useful
thing that can control a machine with numeric values and codes. That is what we call CNC machine, used in machining or any other
automation. The commercial CNCs are bulky and so much expansive and not possible to afford by normal people in home. So the
machine with computer ability and in less size mini CNCs came in. CNCs are much complex in its function. It works with the
simultaneous interpretation of software and hardware. The three axis motion is controlled by Arduino Uno board with Atmega 328p
microcontroller. The Arduino works here as an open source burner which burns the microcontroller with given hex codes. The CNC
shield along with stepper motor drivers basically receives the signals from the Arduino board and delivers the power to the stepper
motors. In this machine only G codes are used to command or instructions. G codes are language, by using this person Told computer
control machine tool. The microcontroller converts G-code into a set of machine language instruction to be sent to the motor driver of
the CNC plotter.
This document describes the development of a CNC Drawbot project. The Drawbot is a vertical plotter that uses two stepper motors and pulleys connected to a gondola holding a pen to draw images on a vertical surface. The hardware components include an Arduino Uno, L293D motor driver shield, stepper motors, servo motor, timing belts, pulleys, pen and cooling fan. The software used includes the Arduino IDE to program the Arduino and Processing, an open-source programming language, to control the plotter and convert images into drawing instructions. The goal of the project is to create a low-cost drawing machine that can reproduce images on a wall-mounted whiteboard.
This document provides an outline for a project on Computerized Numerical Control (CNC). It includes sections on introduction, literature review, problem statement, objectives, methodology, results, conclusion, and future works. The methodology section describes the main parts of a CNC machine and explains G-code programming and the movement of CNC machines. The literature review summarizes several references on related topics such as designing low-cost 3D CNC machines and prototyping CNC mills using CAD/CAM software. The objectives are to design complex models with high accuracy, automate operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety using computerized control.
Design and Development of CNC Writing and Drawing Machinevivatechijri
The paper presents an approach to design user friendly and fluid movements of a CNC machine to perform writing tasks. The design of proposed writing machine comprises both hardware and software. In this project the concept of converting textual matter into G-code is implemented. With the help of Inkscape software text is converted into G-code. The user needs to convert textfile into G-code and then feed it to the machine using universal G-code sender. Arduino Nano with Atmega328 microcontroller is used as the control device for this project. The microcontroller is used to convert the G-code into a set of machine language instruction which is sent to the motor driver of the CNC plotter.
The document summarizes an engineering project on developing a mini CNC machine. It includes an introduction describing CNC machines and their components. It then discusses the specific components used in this mini CNC machine project, including the stepper motors, Arduino Nano microcontroller, motor driver IC, and other electronic parts. The document outlines the overall design of the mini CNC machine and its intended axes of movement. It also provides schematics and code for controlling the motors.
IRJET- Implementation of Arduino UNO based Two Directional [2D] PlotterIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed affordable 2D plotter machine that can write text converted from voice input using an Android AMR voice application. The plotter uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller to convert G-code instructions into motor control signals. The G-code is sent to the plotter via Bluetooth from the Android app after the user's voice is recognized. The plotter is intended to help handicapped or temporarily injured users produce written text.
Wireless Base CNC Mini Plotter Three Axis Control MachineGhulamDastgeer14
Abstract – In this paper, we make sure a propensity to
style a cheaper cost wireless CNC mini plotter three axis
control machine that combined with a microcontroller.
CNC machines area unit processed numerically and
conjointly use for draw cartoon pitchers and 3D pitchers
with ninety seven.5% accuracy. The mechanically part
according to design program fed into their controller unit.
Controller unit can be both laptop and microcontroller.
Wireless CNC machine have stepper & servo motors to
draw the any pitchers or signature as per the fed
program. This system essentially works with a HC-05
Bluetooth element (for wireless communication) 2 Stepper
motors for axis of rotation and one servo motor (for zaxis). This technique reduces the human effort and
utilization of vitality and time. As a result of we have
propensity to use a HC-05 element for wireless
communication between CNC machine and laptop or input
devices, we have a propensity to manage a CNC machine
with wireless communication. First paired devices and
then give the G-Codes to Arduino. The economical and
[proper] mounting of all the components and proper use
the software system and alignment of the circuit build the
system a lot of economical. We’ve got conjointly evaluated
our economic machine and have found its performance
adore the present cutting edge high ticket machines.
IRJET- Project Didactic of a Mini CNC Milling MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and construction of a mini CNC milling machine prototype. Key aspects include:
- The machine has 3 axes (X, Y, Z) controlled by stepper motors and an Arduino/CNC shield.
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UNIT V ACTIONS AND COMMANDS, FORMS AND CONTROLS.pptx
2d plotter project.docx
1. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CURCHOREM
DEPARTMET OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CURCHOREM GOA
2020-2023
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“2D CNC PLOTTER”
SUBMITTED BY
MR. ANKUR GUNAGI
MR. DIVAKAR KAKODKAR
MR. RUSHAB GAOERAK
MR. KENNEDY ESTIBEIRO
MR. ADARSH GAWADE
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK
(lecturer in mechanical department)
3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafede work of
Mr. Ankur gunagi (200602023)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)
4. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Divakar kakodkar (200602024)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)
5. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Rushab gaonkar (200602017)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)
6. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Kennedy estibero (200602022)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)
7. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Adarsh Santosh Gawade (200602020)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)
8. INDEX
SR
NO
TOPIC PAGE
1 Acknowledgement 9
2 Abstract 10
3 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to 2d plotter
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Flow chart for implementing 2d CNC
machine
11
4 Chapter 2: Material and methodology of project
2.1Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
13
5 Chapter 3: component
3.1 Component of 2d plotter
3.2 Software used
16
6 Chapter 4: Operation
4.1 working of 2d plotter
4.2 How to create g code in Inkscape
software
4.3 Specification in Inkscape software
26
7 Chapter 5: Overall view
5.1 Bill of material
5.2 Need of 2d plotter
5.3 Problem statement
5.4 Future scope
29
8 Conclusion 32
9. 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude towards our guide Sir Shri.
Prasad S. Naik for his whole hearted guidance, ideas, inspiration to proceed and get
success in doing this project.
I have achieved satisfactory completion of the project because of continuously
increasing encouragement despite of all practical difficulties I faced during various
phases of the project.
I am grateful to our H.O.D and principal Mr. Ajit Gaonkar and also Mr. Gautam
Agastipurkar for their valuable guidance, co-operation and support through giving me
permission to use machines, tools and materials from the college workshop.
I would also like to show my sincere, honest and profound gratitude to the people who
have directly and indirectly contributed their valuable support and help given to
complete our project.
10. 10
ABSTRACT
This report provides an overview of 2D plotters, including their history, working
principles, and applications. A 2D plotter is a machine that can draw graphics, text, or
other visual representations on a two-dimensional surface, such as paper or canvas. The
report discusses various types of 2D plotters, including pen plotters, vinyl cutters, and
laser cutters. It also covers the different technologies used in 2D plotters, such as stepper
motors, servo motors, and galvanometer scanners. Additionally, the report examines the
various applications of 2D plotters, including architecture, engineering, art, and
education. Finally, the report concludes with a discussion of the future of 2D plotters
and their potential impact on various industries.
11. 11
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO 2D PLOTTOR
The world has become a high technology with a lot of things becoming smaller and
thinner. The fast-growing development of technology and manufacturing, Industrial
requirement such as good and high precision quality has helped in developing the CNC
machine plotter all of those can be achieved through machines that can be controlled by
computers such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. To implement CNC
plotter machine, several concepts must be understood such as: understanding
fundamentals, Machine Mechanical design, CNC machine hardware, software
developing, test each one of three axis stepper motors and connecting CNC Machine
with the software tools and test it, Figure 1 bellow shows the steps that has been used
to implement this project. Two axes of CNC plotter machine can do movement starting
with two primary axes which are X, Y and Z axis. The Z axis is being paralleled with
the X-axis (Michael W. Mattson, 2010). Figure 1 shows the steps to implement this
paper must be understood fundamental of the plotter machine, Machine design by solid
work software, implementation Machine hardware and wiring connection,
Development software, test each one of three axes stepper motors, finally connect
machine with Easel software tools and test Machine.
1.2 Objectives:
The objectives of this project are to design the CNC Plotter Machine and to develop
open source software and hardware to control it.
Drawing and Visualization: One of the primary objectives of a 2D plotter is to create
accurate and precise drawings or visual representations of digital designs. This can be
for artistic purposes, technical illustrations, architectural blueprints, or any other
application that requires converting digital designs into physical form.
User-Friendly Operation: Ease of use and user-friendliness are important objectives for
2D plotters. The interface, control software, and operational features should be intuitive
and accessible, enabling users of different skill levels to operate the plotter efficiently.
Cost-Effectiveness: 2D plotters aim to offer a cost-effective solution for creating
physical representations of digital designs. The objective is to provide a balance
between affordability, performance, and quality, making the technology accessible to
individuals, small businesses, educational institutions, and other users.
12. 12
1.3 Flow chart for implementing 2d CNC machine
Understanding the
fundamentals
Machine design by solid
worke
Implimantation of cnc
machine hardware and
wire connection
Devloping software
Testing each one stepper
motor
Connecting CNC machine
with univesal g-code center
software and test machine
13. 13
Chapter 2
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT
This chapter shows how to build and do experimental the project, method of this project
is generally a guiding principle to handle the problem. The project implementation
method is discussed briefly focusing on basic components. The framework must be
clear to ensure that the project runs smoothly, and project objectives are capable of
success. Figure 2 shows three subsystems of this CNC plotter machine; Mechanical
system design, electronics system, and computer for software tools.
Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
2D CNC Plotter
machine
Mechanical
system
Design
Electronic system
and wiring
Computer and
software tools
14. 14
2.1
Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
Mechanical system design
In this section of project, the structure of CNC plotter machine has been designed and
modelling in solid work software with desired dimensions and all parts of CNC machine
will be achieved before implementation the hardware of actual CNC plotter machine.
Before starting the design, there are many steps of criteria must be explained. Length
of travel mean the linear movement of steppers motors that controls X, Y and Z axes.
The left-right motion is controlled by X axis stepper motor, front-back motion
controlled by Y axis stepper motor and the pen goes up and down by Z axis stepper
motor controller.
Finally, the length travel of CNC plotter machine that decided as 235 mm for X axis,
215 mm for Y axis and 1 mm up-down for Z axis. Figure 3 show CNC plotter machine
design and modelling by solid work.
2d plotter machine solid model
15. 15
Electronics system and wiring
This section will discuss the electronic parts and wiring which is needed for
designing and building our CNC plotter machine. So, the main electronic component
required are one Arduino UNO R3, one CNC V3 Shield with A4988 Driver Module
with Heatsink for Arduino, stepper motors, D.C. power supply, pen holder, some wires
and USB to serial adapter.
Computer and software tools
In this section we will discuss about requirement of different software to run the 2d
plotter machine. We are using three software there are Arduino IDE, inscape, universal
g-code sender.
16. 16
Chapter 3
Component of 2d plotter machine
Arduino Uno R3
CNC V3 Shield with A4988 stepper Driver Module
Stepper Motor
Timing belt
Linear bearing
Servo motor
12v adaptor
Threaded rod
Stainless steel rod
Pulley
Arduino Uno R3
Arduino Uno is microcontroller based on ATmega328P Atmel AVR family
microcontroller (MCU). It is an open source software and hardware design and
manufacture a single of microcontroller. It has 14 digital Input/output pins and 6
Analogue input can be sampled using on-chip ADC. By using open source can be
programming Arduino Uno. It also has 6 PWM outputs multiplexed on to the
digital IO pins. The dimensions of Arduino Uno measured are [68.6 mm x 53.4
mm]. Figure 4 below shows the Arduino Uno R3 circuit.
Arduino Software (IDE).
17. 17
CNC V3 Shield with A4988 stepper Driver Module and Heatsink for
Arduino
The Arduino CNC Shield makes it easy to get your CNC projects up and running in a
few hours. It uses opensource computer code on Arduino to control 4 stepper motors
using 4 pieces of A4988 Stepper Motor driver breakout board, with this CNC shield and
Arduino Uno, can be build project including CNC routers. The purpose of this CNC
shield to control on the three axes (X, Y and Z axes) of CNC plotter machine, meaning
control on the stepper motors.
CNC V3 Shield with A4988 Stepper driver and Heatsink.
Stepper Motor
The digital pulse stepper can be converted into the movement of the pen with
respect to the X, Y, Z axes directions. The stepper motor is a brushless motor that
distributes full rotation in several equal steps [2]. The stepper motor in Fig. 6 is defined
by the property of converting several drives to a specific increase in the position of the
column. Each pulse moves the column through a fixed angle. This machine has used
three stepper motors with a lead screw and two belts.
The output of the motor will be in the form of the rotation of the lead screw with respect
to the X, Y and Z axis.
18. 18
Steeper Motor.
Circuit and Wiring
The wiring of the various components of electronics system is represented in the Fig.,
shown below. The microcontroller of Arduino board is connected to the computer
system through the USB serial port. The Stepper Motors of three axes (X, Y and Z) are
connected with CNC shield driver board as Figures 7 and 8 shown below. D.C. Power
supply is provided for all the components of electronics system.
19. 19
Timing belt
In a 2D plotter, a timing belt is a common component used for precise movement and
positioning of the print head or cutting tool. The timing belt is a looped belt with evenly spaced
teeth on its inner surface. It runs between two pulleys, usually referred to as the driver pulley
and the driven pulley.
The driver pulley is connected to a motor or stepper motor, which provides the driving force to
move the belt. As the motor rotates, it causes the belt to move, and the teeth on the belt engage
with the teeth on the driven pulley, causing it to rotate as well. This rotational motion of the
driven pulley is then translated into linear motion to move the print head or cutting tool along
the X or Y axis.
The advantage of using a timing belt in a 2D plotter is that it provides accurate and
synchronized movement. The teeth on the belt ensure that the belt does not slip or lose its
position, allowing for precise positioning of the print head or cutting tool. This is particularly
important in applications such as drawing intricate designs or cutting precise shapes.
By controlling the motor or stepper motor that drives the timing belt, the plotter can accurately
move the print head or cutting tool to specific coordinates on the X and Y axes, enabling it to
create detailed and accurate drawings.
Overall, the timing belt in a 2D plotter plays a crucial role in providing precise and
synchronized movement, allowing for accurate positioning and control of the print head or
cutting tool during the plotting process.
Timing belt position
20. 20
Linear bearing
In a 2D plotter, a linear bearing is a component that supports and facilitates smooth linear
motion along the X and Y axes. It helps to guide and stabilize the movement of the print head
or cutting tool.
A linear bearing consists of an outer casing or housing and an inner carriage. The carriage is
typically mounted on the moving part of the plotter, such as the print head or cutting tool
assembly, while the housing is fixed to the frame of the plotter.
Inside the linear bearing, there are usually rows of ball bearings or rollers that allow for low-
friction movement along the linear axis. These bearings provide a smooth and controlled
motion by reducing friction and ensuring proper alignment between the carriage and the
housing.
When the print head or cutting tool assembly moves along the X or Y axis, the linear bearing
allows for precise and stable linear motion. It helps to prevent any wobbling or misalignment
that could affect the accuracy of the plotted design.
The choice of linear bearing depends on various factors, such as the load capacity, desired
precision, and speed of the plotter. Common types of linear bearings used in 2D plotters include
linear ball bearings, linear roller bearings, and linear bushings.
Overall, the linear bearing in a 2D plotter provides smooth and controlled linear motion,
ensuring accurate and precise movement of the print head or cutting tool along the X and Y
axes. It plays a vital role in maintaining stability and minimizing any unwanted vibrations or
deviations during the plotting process.
Linear bearing
21. 21
Servo motor
The servo motor in your 2D plotter is specifically used for controlling the movement of the
pen holder up and down along the Y-axis, here's a more specific explanation:
In this setup, the servo motor is typically attached to the pen holder mechanism, allowing it to
control the vertical position of the pen. The servo motor is mounted on the plotter frame or a
bracket specifically designed to hold it in place.
Servo motor
Power supply
A 12V adapter is an essential component in a 2D plotter, providing the necessary electrical
power to drive the system. By connecting the adapter to a power source, such as a wall outlet,
it converts the AC power into a 12V DC output. This DC power is then distributed to various
components within the plotter, including motors, control systems, and electronic components.
With proper wiring and connections, the 12V adapter ensures reliable and efficient power
delivery, enabling the plotter to operate smoothly. It's important to match the power output of
the adapter with the requirements of the plotter to ensure compatibility and safe operation.
12v adapter
22. 22
Threaded rod
The inclusion of threaded rods in a 2D plotter is crucial for bolstering its structural integrity
and stability. These rods serve various purposes to enhance the overall strength of the system.
Firstly, they are utilized in constructing the plotter's frame, providing stability and preventing
excessive movement or vibrations during operation. Additionally, threaded rods play a
significant role in supporting and guiding the motion of the plotter's axes, ensuring smooth and
precise movement
Stainless steel rod
Stainless steel rods are commonly used in 2D plotters to enable smooth motion of the carriage.
These rods offer corrosion resistance, ensuring durability even in challenging environments.
With their high strength and stiffness, they withstand forces and maintain stability during
movement. The polished surface reduces friction, allowing effortless and accurate carriage
motion. Furthermore, stainless steel rods maintain their shape and straightness over time,
ensuring reliable positioning. Overall, stainless steel rods contribute to precise and reliable
motion in 2D plotters.
Stainless steel rod
23. 23
Pulley
Pulleys are crucial components in 2D plotters for transmitting motion and controlling the
movement of belts or cables. They connect directly to the motor shafts and guide the path of
the belts or cables. As the motor rotates, the pulleys spin, causing the belts or cables to move.
This motion is then transferred to the print head or cutting tool, enabling precise movement
along the X and Y axes. Pulleys come in different sizes and configurations to adjust the
mechanical advantage and resolution of the system. They may also be used with tensioning
mechanisms to maintain proper belt or cable tension. Overall, pulleys play a vital role in
ensuring smooth and accurate motion in 2D plotters.
Pulley
3.2
Different software used for 2d plotter operation
Arduino IDE
Inscape
Universal G-code sender
Arduino IDE
"The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it
to the board"(https://www.arduino.cc). It is simplified C/C++ functions language
based programming can be download functionality with a rich set of library functions.
After download and install on pc can be write the program by C language and from
tools and port must be choose the port connection between computer and Arduino
through USB. After this step can be verify the program by error checking and the
message is done compiling when it finished and no error. After this step can be upload
the program on the Arduino. Figure 9 shows Arduino software IDE.
24. 24
Inkscape software
The utilization of Inkscape software in 2D plotters offers valuable capabilities for
design creation and G-code generation. Inkscape, a popular open-source vector
graphics editor, provides a user-friendly interface and a comprehensive set of tools for
creating and editing vector-based designs. With the Gcodetools plugin, specifically
designed for Inkscape, users can convert their designs into G-code instructions, which
are commonly used to control CNC machines, including certain 2D plotters.
Inkscape's design creation features enable users to develop intricate designs
comprising shapes, lines, text, and imported images. The software also offers powerful
path editing tools, allowing for precise manipulation of shapes and curves, enabling
the creation of complex designs suitable for plotting.
With the Gcodetools plugin, Inkscape becomes an effective tool for generating G-code
files that contain instructions for the 2D plotter. Users can configure parameters such
as tool selection, cutting depth, and feed rates to customize the G-code generation
process. Exporting the design as a G-code file is straightforward, providing a seamless
transition from the design creation phase to the plotter control stage.
25. 25
Universal G code Sender
Universal G code Sender (UGS) is a software tool commonly used for controlling 2D plotters.
It allows users to connect to their plotter, load G-code files, and send instructions for precise
movements and operations. UGS provides essential features like connection management, real-
time monitoring, job scheduling, error handling, and recovery options. With its user-friendly
interface, UGS simplifies the process of controlling a 2D plotter and ensures accurate results.
By combining UGS with GRBL firmware, the following benefits can be realized:
1. Compatibility: GRBL firmware is well-suited for 2D plotters and provides seamless
compatibility with UGS. This allows users to leverage the advanced features of GRBL,
such as acceleration, motion planning, and homing, for precise and efficient plotting.
2. Real-time Feedback: GRBL communicates with UGS to provide real-time feedback on
the plotter's status, position, and progress. This enables users to monitor the plotting
process closely and make any necessary adjustments or interventions as needed.
26. 26
Chapter 4
The working of a 2D plotter involves several components and processes
working together to translate digital designs into physical drawings . Here is a
detailed explanation of the working of a 2D plotter:
1. Design Creation: The process begins with the creation of a digital design using software
tools like vector graphics editors (e.g., Inkscape) or Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software.
The design can include lines, curves, shapes, text, or other graphical elements.
2. G-Code Generation: Once the design is created, it needs to be converted into machine-
readable instructions called G-code. G-code is a programming language that specifies the
movements, speeds, and other parameters for the plotter. This step involves software tools or
plugins that generate G-code based on the design.
3. Software Configuration: The generated G-code is then loaded into a control software specific
to the 2D plotter. The control software allows the user to configure various parameters such as
plotting speed, resolution, tool selection, and material settings.
4. Material Preparation: The plotter requires a suitable material to work on, such as paper,
cardboard, or thin plastics. The material is prepared by fixing it securely onto a flat surface,
ensuring it remains stable during the plotting process.
5. Plotter Calibration: Before starting the plotting process, the plotter needs to be calibrated to
ensure precise movement along the X and Y axes. This involves setting the home position,
determining the plotting area boundaries, and adjusting any offset or skew in the movement.
6. Plotter Operation: Once the plotter is calibrated, the control software sends the G-code
instructions to the plotter. The plotter uses its motorized mechanisms and precision components
to execute the instructions.
7. X-Y Axis Movement: The plotter's X-Y mechanism, typically consisting of stepper motors,
timing belts, pulleys, and linear bearings, moves the plotting tool (such as a pen, cutting tool,
or engraving tool) along the X and Y axes. The precise control of these motors ensures accurate
positioning and smooth movements.
8. Tool Operation: Depending on the desired output, the plotter's tool is activated accordingly.
For drawing or writing, a pen is lowered onto the surface, leaving ink marks as it moves. For
cutting or engraving, a sharp cutting or engraving tool is used, which applies controlled
pressure to the material to create desired shapes or patterns.
9. Plotting Completion: The plotter continues to execute the G-code instructions, following the
specified path and tool operations until the entire design is plotted. Upon completion, the plotter
returns to the home position.
10. Finishing and Result: After the plotting process, the material is detached from the plotter's
surface and any excess material (e.g., cut outs or waste) is removed. The result is a physical
representation of the digital design, which can be a drawing, cut out, or engraved pattern.
Throughout the process, the control software and plotter mechanisms work together to ensure
precise movements, accurate positioning, and consistent output based on the original digital
27. 27
design. The workflow can be adjusted and customized based on the specific features and
capabilities of the 2D plotter system.
4.1 To generate G-code for a 2D plotter using Inkscape, you can follow these
steps:
1. Install Inkscape: If you don't already have Inkscape installed on your computer, download
and install the latest version from the official Inkscape website (https://inkscape.org/).
2. Import the image or create your design: Launch Inkscape and open a new document. You
can either import an existing image or create your design using Inkscape's drawing tools.
3. Set up the document: Go to "File" and select "Document Properties." In the "Document
Properties" window, set the document size to match the working area of your 2D plotter. Adjust
the width and height accordingly. Also, make sure the units (e.g., millimetres or inches) are set
correctly.
4. Design your artwork: Use Inkscape's drawing tools to create your artwork or modify the
imported image as needed. You can use various shapes, lines, and text tools to design your
plotter artwork. Ensure that your design is within the boundaries of your plotter's working area.
5. Convert your artwork to paths: Select all the elements of your artwork, including shapes,
lines, and text. Then, go to "Path" in the top menu and select "Object to Path." This will convert
all the selected elements into paths, which will be necessary for generating the G-code.
6. Export the artwork as SVG: Once your artwork is ready, go to "File" and select "Save As."
Choose the SVG file format and save your design to a location on your computer.
7. Install the G code tools extension: Inkscape's G code tools extension allows you to generate
G-code specifically for CNC and 2D plotters. To install the extension, go to "Extensions" in
the top menu, select "Manage Extensions," and search for "G code tools." Install the G code
tools extension from the list of available extensions.
8. Generate G-code: With your artwork open in Inkscape, go to "Extensions" in the top menu,
navigate to "G code tools," and select "Path to G code." In the G code tools window, you can
configure various parameters, such as feed rate, tool size, and spindle speed, based on your
plotter's requirements. Adjust these settings as needed and click "Apply" to generate the G-
code.
9. Save the G-code file: Once the G-code is generated, save it to a location on your computer.
Use a file name and location that is easily accessible when you need to load the G-code onto
your 2D plotter.
10. Load the G-code onto your plotter: Transfer the saved G-code file to your 2D plotter's
controller or interface. The method for transferring the file can vary depending on your plotter's
specifications. Consult your plotter's documentation for instructions on how to load and run G-
code files.
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That's it! You have successfully generated G-code for your 2D plotter using Inkscape.
Remember to review the G-code file and ensure it aligns with your intended design before
executing it on your plotter.
Specification to create g code in Inkscape software
Plotting area 280x180(mm)
Travel speed 10000mm/min
Drawing speed 10000mm/min
Servo up angle 80
Servo down angle 0
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Chapter 5
BILL OF MATERIAL
BILL OF MATERIAL
SR CATEGORY PART NAME SPECIFICATION QTY RATE
1 FRAME 3D PRINTED
PARTS
1 1,500
THRADED
ROD
500MM 2 280
2 MECHANICAL IDLER PULLY 5MM BORE 4 80
GT2 BELT 1METER 1 110
GT2 PULLEY 20 TEETH 5MM
BORE
2 160
3MM SHAFT
STAINLESS
STEEL
500MM
LENGHT
4 900
3 ELECTRONIC NEMA 17
STEEPER
MOTOR
4.3 KGCM
TOURQUE
2 900
ARDUINO
UNO
UNO R3 1 1200
SERVO
MOTOR MG90
1 160
CNC SHIELD
V3.0
1 300
DRV8825
DRVIVER
2 440
12V 2A
POWER
ADAPTER
1 480
TOTAL= 6510
OTHER EXPENSES= 2000
GRAND TOTAL= 8510
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5.1 NEED OF 2D PLOTTER
A 2D plotter serves as a valuable tool in various applications where precise and accurate
drawing, plotting, or cutting is required. Here are some common reasons for the need of a 2D
plotter:
1. Drawing and Artistic Purposes: 2D plotters are often utilized by artists, designers, and
architects to create intricate drawings, sketches, or designs with high precision. The
ability to translate digital designs into physical representations allows for detailed and
visually appealing artwork.
2. Technical Drawing and Drafting: In fields such as engineering, architecture, and
manufacturing, 2D plotters are indispensable for producing accurate technical
drawings, blueprints, and schematics. They offer the advantage of reproducing complex
designs with consistent scale and proportion.
3. Educational and Learning Tools: 2D plotters are commonly used in educational settings
to teach concepts related to geometry, mathematics, and design. They provide hands-
on experiences and enable students to understand the practical applications of
theoretical concepts.
5.2 The problem statement for a 2D plotter can be follows:
Design and develop a 2D plotter system capable of accurately translating digital designs
into physical drawings or cut outs. The plotter should provide precise and consistent
movements along both the X and Y axes, allowing for the creation of detailed and
intricate designs. The system should be user-friendly, providing intuitive controls for
design input, plotting parameters, and plotter operation. It should be capable of working
with various materials, such as paper, cardboard, or thin plastics, and accommodate
different drawing tools or cutting implements. The plotter should be versatile,
accommodating designs of varying sizes and complexities, and offer options for
adjusting speed, resolution, and other performance parameters. Additionally, the plotter
should integrate with appropriate software tools, such as Inkscape or other vector
graphics editors, for design creation and G-code generation. The aim is to create a
reliable and efficient 2D plotter system that meets the needs of artists, designers,
engineers, and other users who require precise and accurate plotting capabilities for
their projects.
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5.3 The future scope of 2D plotters includes advancements in engraving and
other tool capabilities. Some potential developments in this area are:
1. Laser Engraving: Future 2D plotters may integrate laser modules for high-precision
engraving on various materials like wood, acrylic, or metal. This would enable users to
create intricate designs, text, or patterns with finer details and improved speed.
2. CNC Milling: Upcoming 2D plotters could incorporate CNC milling capabilities,
allowing users to perform precision cutting, drilling, and milling operations on
materials like wood, foam, or plastics. This would expand the range of applications,
particularly in prototyping or model making.
3. Pen Variability: To enhance versatility, future 2D plotters might incorporate pens with
adjustable tip sizes or different writing or drawing characteristics. This would enable
users to create designs with varying line thicknesses, textures, or effects, adding artistic
flexibility.
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our 2D plotter project showcased the successful integration of Inkscape,
Universal G code Sender, and our hardware to create a precise drawing tool. Through the
project, we gained valuable technical insights into converting designs into machine-readable
G-code instructions and executing them accurately. Our attention to detail and understanding
of plotter limitations ensured optimal results. This project highlighted the importance of
configuration, stable connections, and refining designs for improved accuracy. Overall, we
successfully demonstrated the practical implementation of digital design and manufacturing
processes in a real-world application.