Computerized Numerical Control for 3d manufacturing

2. • Introduction
• Literature Review
• Problem Statement
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Result
• Conclusion
• Future Works
• Timeline
• References
Outline

3. Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)
 CNC is the automation of machine tools that
are operated by precisely programmed
command.
 First introduced in 1940 by John T. Persons
 Subtractive or additive manufacturing
process that used the computerized control
system.
 Works on the principles of G-code
 Highly automated by using CAD (Computer
Aided Design) and CAM (Computer Aided
Manufacturing) like AUTOCAD , SOLID WORKS
Introduction
Figure : CNC Milling Machine

4. Types of CNC Machine
CNC 3D Printer CNC Pen Plotter CNC Engraver
CNC Water Zet Cutter CNC Milling CNC PCB Maker

5. Literature Review
Reference
no
Author Title Published on Summarized Concept
[1] Venkata
Krishna
Pabolu
Design and
Implementation
of Three
Dimensional
CNC Machine
International Journal of
Computer Science and
Engineering, Nov-2010
Design and implementation of low cost 3D CNC
machine for industrial applications.
Prototyping an embedded CNC machine was
created with detail description of different
modules such as Software Control, Electrical and
Electronic hardware development along with the
Mechanical fabrication.
[2] Dr. J.B
Jayachandria
Fabrication of
low cost 3 axis
CNC routers
International Journal of
Engineering Science
Innovation, June-2014
Idea of low cost CNC router system capable of 3
axis simultaneous interpolation. Low cost is
achieved by interfacing standard PC interface
with microprocessor based on board dedicated
controller like an ARDUINO based embedded
System. Small machine tools to fabricate small
parts can provide flexibility and efficiency.

6. Literature Review
Reference
no
Author Title Published on Summarized Concept
[3] Nikita R.
Sharker
Prototype
Development of
Milling Machine
by Using
CAD/CAM
International Journal of
Science and Research,
April-2013
Design the CAD model in SOLID WORKS and done
the FEA analysis in hyper mesh tool providing the
appropriate constraints ,loads and moment
values. He got the stress value around to 14 Mpa.
Also generate G-Code and M-Code by simulating
the CAD file in POWER MILL software.
[4] Sundar
Pandian
Low cost build
your own 3 axis
CNC mill
prototype.
International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering
and Robotics ,
May-2014
Develop low cost 3 axis CNC machine using self
component, stepper motor with drivers, Arduino
open source microcontroller and motor control
Software. Implement low cost CNC machine only
for educational and learning purpose.

7. • Manual machining works slowly .
• Lower productivity and less precision in designing.
• Can not be programmed for new designing requirement.
• Required operating personel which induce additional cost .
• Can not work under risky environment.
• Can not works with reasonable designing accuracy.
• Designing , cutting or shaping complex high volume structure almost Impossible.
• More operating cost and requires more maintenance .
Problem Statement

8. 1. Designing complex large volume model with greater speed in accordance with
very higher accuracy.
2. Automate the slower boring operating personnel by computerized Control.
3. Reducing the design cost and cost of maintenance.
4. Increasing the productivity.
5. Producing little to no waste of material.
6. Enhancing the personnel safety.
7. Working in risky environment under higher mechanical stress.
8. Reducing the energy consumption.
9. Working more hours with great repeatability.
Objectives

9. Methodology
Main Parts of a CNC Machine
1.Input Devices
2.Machine Control Unit(MCU)
3.Machine Tool
4.Driving System
5.Feedback System
6.Display Device.

10. G –Code (Geometric Code)
G-Code is a programming language for CNC .
It tells the machine what to do and how to
do?
It instructs the stepper motor and and
drives where to move,how fast to move and
which path should be followed.
Structure of G-Code:
G## X## Y## Z## F##
Here,
G## = G-Code Command
X## Y## Z## =Co-Ordinate value of X, Y,
Z axis F## = Feed Rate
Example:
G01 X247.951560 Y11.817060 Z-1.000000 F400
Some Important G-Code Command
G00 - Rapid Transverse
G01 – Linear Interpolation
G02 – Circular Interpolation
G04 – Dwell
G09 – Exact Stop
G10 – Programmable Data Input
G17 - XY Plane Selection.
G18 – ZX Plane Selection.
G19 – YZ Plane selection.
G27 – Reference Position Return Cheak
G28 – Return to Reference Position.
G70 – Finishing the Machine Cycle
G71 – Turning Cycle
G98 – Return to Initial Point

11. Movement of CNC Machine
O(0,0)
P(50,100)
G01 – Linear Interpolation
Example:
G01 X50 Y100 F200
Linear Motion Set End Point
Feed Rate
Figure : 3 Axis CNC Machine

12. Movement of CNC Machine
)ghggh
X and Y offsets are relative to starting
point
G-Code Programming
G00 X5 Y5 ; point B
G01 X0 Y20 F200 ; point C
G01 X20 Y0 ; point D
G02 X10 Y-10 I0 J-10 ; point E
G02 X-4 Y-8 I-10 J0 ; point F
G01 X-26 Y-2 ; point B

13. Objectives