Top 6 pest of banana was identified, their biology, symptoms, and control. Integrated Pest Management was discussed.

1. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENTOF
REPORTED BY:
VALDEZ, MARCO FELIX S.
SOLIS, CHRISTIAN C.
LAYOG, VIEM L.

2. Scientific Name: Musa spp.
Perennial herbaceous plant believed
to be originated in Southeast Asia.
Uses varies starting for use as dessert,
for cooking, fiber, drinks or wines etc.
Banana fruit represents major dietary
sources that includes carbohydrates,
fiber, vit A, B6 and Potassium,
phosphorus & calcium

3. BANANA LEAF ROLLERS
or BANANA SKIPPER

4. BANANALEAF ROLLERS
 Banana leaf-roller is known as Erionota
thrax and was first described by
Linnaeus as early as 1767
 The caterpillars do the damage by
shredding the leaves and making
numerous rolls of the leaf blade in
order to feed safely inside them
 Damage of up to 60% of the leaf area
during outbreaks and at the time of
fruiting, yields are lower due to delayed
fruit maturity and reduce bunch size.

5. BANANALEAF ROLLERS
 The caterpillars, which are pale green
with a distinctive shiny black head. After
the first days of larvae, the worm
develops white waxy powder covering.
 Pupation occurs inside the leaf roll, and
takes about 10 days.
 The moth is brown with three yellow
spots on the forewings. Eggs, are laid of
up to 25, mostly on the underside of
banana leaves. The eggs hatch in 5-8
days.

6. BANANALEAF ROLLERS
 CULTURAL CONTROLS-Handpick the leaf rolls containing the
caterpillars.
 NATURAL ENEMIES- introduction of the egg parasite
Ooencyrtus erionatae. The microbial insecticide Bacillus
thuringiensis, is effective against the larval stages of leafrollers
that makes them stop eating within hours after feeding on a
sprayed leaf and die several days later.
 CHEMICAL- If pesticides are necessary, use botanical sprays
first, as these may cause less harm to natural enemies, and
cost less than synthetic commercial products.

7. CORM WEEVILor BANANA ROOT BORER

8. CORM WEEVIL
 Cosmopolites sordidus-This beetle is
native to Malaysia and Indonesia. And
has been transported throughout the
banana growing regions of the world
and one of the most serious insect
pests of bananas
 The adult weevil is dark brown to grey
black, shining, about 11 mm long.
 The larvae bore in the corm, reducing
nutrient uptake and weakening the
stability of the plant

9. The LARVAE (grubs) are
creamy white legless grubs
the larvae complete their
development and pupate in
20 to 25 days.
ADULT feed on decaying
plant material. Weevils may
live for up to 2 years, and
can live without food for 6
months.
PUPATION takes place in
holes bored by the grubs.
Adults emerge from the
pupae 5 to 7 days after
pupation.

10. CORM WEEVIL
 Injury is caused by grubs (larvae), which
tunnel through the corms. Tunnels are circular
in cross section, become wider as the grub
grows and are filled with dark-colored debris
 Extensive feeding damage by grubs results in
root destruction, slowed plant growth and
reduced fruit production, it also makes the
corms susceptible to decay organisms.
 Affected sucker plants can be recognized by
their dull, yellowish-green withered leaves.
Signs & Symptoms

11.  CULTURAL CONTROLS Includes use of tissue
culture plantlets or insect free planting material.
Clean the surroundings of the corm and remove
the old leaf sheaths. Uproot infected trees, chop
into pieces and burn.
 TRAPPING weevils by pheromones trap or putting
thick part of pseudostem on the ground.
 CHEMICAL-Apply the recommended insecticides,
like Counter 10G at two cycles per year in blocks
with critical weevil population level
CONTROL
CORM WEEVIL

12. BURROWING NEMATODE
DISEASE

13. BURROWING NEMATODEDISEASE
 The burrowing nematode- Radopholus
similis are microscopic worms, are
among the regulated nematode plant
pests.
 It is an endoparasitic migratory
nematode, meaning it lives and attack
the root system of the banana plant.
Thus, makes it less able to make up
water and nutrients and to anchor
itself in the soil.

14. Radophilus similis Life Cycle

15. BURROWING NEMATODEDISEASE
 The most dramatic disease symptom in banana
plantations is the uprooting (toppling) of plants
 Reduced root system: lower number of
secondary and tertiary roots and root hairs.
Roots may form galls.
 It can migrate from roots to corms causing
(Reddish-brown to black in color) necrosis of
corm, hence the name blackhead disease.
Nematodes can only move about one meter
 per year.
Signs & Symptoms

16.  ERADICATION- Theoretically possible by fallowing, since they are an
obligate parasite and needs a living host to survive. Also flooding the
field for 8 weeks is effective but expensive
 PREVENTION AND CONTROL- can be done using disease-free suckers
as planting material, mulching the plants with organic matter, support
pseudostem with poles or rope to prevent uprooting and perform crop
rotation.
 CHEMICAL CONTROL- use of carbamate and organophosphate
nematicides. Alternatives for chemicals are extracts of the plants are
shown to have nematicidal effect: roots of marigold, Ipil-ipil, bermuda
grass and makahiya.Leaf extracts of kaatoangbangkal and water lily.
And bulb extract of allium sativum
CONTROL
BURROWING NEMATODEDISEASE

17.  BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS of plant-parasitic nematodes like
fungi Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma atroviride destroy
nematode eggs, while toxic metabolites from non-pathogenic
strains of Fusarium oxysporum inhibit or kill juveniles. The
bacterium Pseudomonas kills juveniles and adults by producing
lethal hydrogen cyanide. Conversely, Pasteuria spp. are bacterial
hyperparasites that kill nematodes after attaching endospores to
their outer cuticle. Despite their potential, the use of biological
controls for plant-parasitic nematodes is quite limited at present..
CONTROL
BURROWING NEMATODEDISEASE

18. BUNCHY TOPOr CURLY TOP

19. BANANABUNCHY TOPDISEASE
 Is the most serious virus disease of
banana caused by the Banana bunchy
top virus (BBTV). BBTD gets its name
from the bunchy appearance of
infected plants.
 Disease is spread by a vector insect-
banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa,
infected propagation materials and
plant to plant infection

20. BANANABUNCHY TOPDISEASE
 Any stage of the plants can be infected by this
virus. The WHOLE PLANT displays dwarfing,
rosetting and distortion.
 (1)New leaves becomes stunted and "bunchy"
(2)while leaf edges are deformed and yellow
 Early infected plan rarely produce a fruit
bunch but infected late in the growing cycle
may produce fruit but the bunch stalk and the
fruit will be small and distorted
Signs & Symptoms
2
1

21.  CONTROL OF VECTOR- Control of the banana aphid is essential for
reducing the disease. Community efforts is the best way of
eliminating them. Aphids can be killed by their natural enemies
(lady beetles), use of chemical insecticides or insecticidal soaps or
dish washing detergent. Control ants if possible as they protect
aphids.
 CULTURAL CONTROL- To prevent infestation to other plants,
diseased plants must be destroyed by uprooting, chopping into
small pieces and burning. Effective control measure can be done
by eradication of diseased plants and the use of virus-free planting
materials.
CONTROL
BANANABUNCHY TOP DISEASE

22. BLACK SIGATOKAor BLACKLEAF STREAK

23. BLACK SIGATOKA
Is a fungal leaf spot disease
caused by the Mycosphaerella
fijiensis.
First observed in 1960s and must
have been originated in Southeast
Asia and spread worldwide rapidly

24. BLACK SIGATOKA
 In LEAVES- The first symptoms are tiny, chlorotic
spots that appear on the bottom surface of the
3rd or 4th open leaf. The spots grow into thin
brown color, then enlarging and becoming
elliptical to give the characteristic of black
streaking of the leaves
 On the necrotic tissue tiny black fruiting bodies
containing sac-like structures filled with
ascospores may emerge from the underside of
the leaf
Signs & Symptoms

25. BLACK SIGATOKA
 In FRUITS- The fingers are observed to be
(1)undersized, (2)do not fill out properly, (3)
flesh develops a buff pinkish color and (4) often
remain immature during maturity or even
premature ripening (5) premature ripening
 Severely affected areas is unsuitable for export
because of the shortened shelf life.
Signs & Symptoms

26. BLACK SIGATOKA
 Fungus are carried by wind ,rain water and old dried
infected leaves and they help to spread the disease
LIFE CYCLE AND MODE OF SPREAD
Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Life Cycle

27.  CULTURAL CONTROL- Removal and destruction of the affected
leaves. Preventing water accumulation around the plant. Plant at
wide spacing about 2.5 m apart
 CHEMICAL CONTROL
(i) protectant fungicides (ex Copper hydroxide & Banana misting oil)
(ii) Systemic fungicides (Triazoles & Strobilurins )
 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL- biocon such as epiphytic bacteria
(Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Serratia spp.) and fungi, like
Trichoderma spp. but additional research for biocon is still
needed.
CONTROL
PANAMADISEASE OF BANANA

28. PANAMA DISEASEOF BANANA

29. PANAMADISEASE OF BANANA
Is a type of Fusarium wilt,
caused by the fungal pathogen
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
Cubense (or Foc)
It is believed to have originated
in Southeast Asia and was first
reported in Australia in 1876.

30. PANAMADISEASE OF BANANA
By 1950s Panama disease wiped out
almost all banana plantations. Gros
Michel-the most flavorful of fruits
became virtually extinct that made
the revolution of different cultivar,
the so-called the Cavendish.
But then again in the 1990s a new strain of the FOC
appeared and began to spread –Foc Tropical Race 4.
Originating in Taiwan, it soon reached other South East
Asian countries.

31. Panama Disease of Banana
 Internal characteristic of Fusarium
wilt is vascular discoloration, which
varies from pale in the early stages
to dark red or almost black in later
stages.
Signs & Symptoms
 External- yellowing of the lower most
leaves starting from margin to midrib
and starts to fall. And splitting of
pseudostem may occur.

32.  CONTAINMENT AND QUARANTINE
 USE OF RESISTANT VARIETY- GCTCV 218 and GCTCV 219 proved to
be the most acceptable options in managing Foc TR4 epidemic.
 BY TREATMENT SYSTEM-developed by Filipino pathologist Dr. R.
Dela Cruz. The idea is to introduce "good bacteria", which help
crowd out and prevent the spread of "bad bacteria“. The process
starts by injecting the affected plants with a proprietary clay
mineral extract. The minerals in this solution (iron and other trace
elements) have natural disinfectant properties that kill bacteria
and fungi.
CONTROL
PANAMADISEASE OF BANANA

33. Fusarium Wilt Life Cycle

34. -FINAL PART-
INTEGRATED PEST OF BANANA

35. INTEGRATED PESTOF BANANA
 PREPARATION OF LAND
 Banana requires high amount of
nutrients, which needs to be supplied in
the form of manures/fertilizers. This
should be supplied on the basis of soil
test report and recommendations
 Deep ploughing and cross harrowing
before planting
 Selecting healthy planting materials
 Land Clearing and soil sterilization

36. INTEGRATED PESTOF BANANA
 PLANTING
 Adopt intercropping of recommended
crops.
 Achieve wide spacing if possible.
 VEGETATIVE
 Application of organic mulch
 Weekly monitoring and proper farm
record
 Plant that have shown signs or symptoms
of apest that has no possible control and
must be removed, should be taken action
quickly as much as possible.

37. INTEGRATED PESTOF BANANA
 VEGETATIVE
 Trapping of insect pest
 Removal of weeds
 Introducing beneficial parasite against
insect pests
 Regular pruning
 FLOWERING AND FRUITING
 Fruit bagging can help to protect the
banana fruit from possible attack of pests.
 Checking bagged fruit

38. The END