Diseases Mumps and Measles

Date:6/15/2021 www. qadricohs.edu.pk FB Page: Qadri College of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 1
QADRI COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARACHI
U-4, 4 OF
“HUMAN AND MICROBIAL INTERACTION”
By: Aftab H. Abbasi
RN, DCHN, BSN, MA, LL.B
Lecturer Nursing
Qadri College of Health Sciences Karachi

At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:
1- Describe some pathogenic microbes and diseases, i.e.
1- Tetanus
2- Typhoid
3- Cholera
4- Diphtheria
5- Tuberculosis
6- Pertusis
7- Mumps
8- Measles
9- Polio
10- Influenza
11- Ascariasis
12- Taeniasis and
13- dermatomycosis.

7- Mumps
INTRODUCTION:
Mumps is a viral disease caused by the mumps
virus. Initial symptoms are non-specific and
include fever, headache, malaise, muscle pain,
and loss of appetite.
These symptoms are usually followed by painful
swelling of the parotid glands, called parotitis,
which is the most common symptom of infection.
Symptoms typically occur 16 to 18 days after
exposure to the virus and resolve within two
weeks. About one third of infections are
asymptomatic.

7- Mumps
DEFINITION:
Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood
that typically involves swelling of one or both
parotid glands, although many different
organs can be infected.

7- Mumps
CAUSES:
The mumps are caused by a virus called the
paramyxovirus.
TRANSMISSION / ROUTES OF ENTRY:
It's spread from one person to another through direct
contact with discharge from the nose and throat.
Infected droplets in the air from a sneeze or close
conversation can be inhaled and
may cause infection.
INCUBATION PERIOD:
The incubation period ranges from 14-24 days,
with a peak at 17-18 days.

7- Mumps
PATHOGENESIS:
(The manner of development of a disease)
After entry into the last and
initial multiplication in the
cells of the respiratory
tract, the virus is blood-
borne to many tissues,
among which the salivary
and other glands are the
most susceptible.

7- Mumps
COMMON RISK FACTORS:
- unvaccinated individuals.
- belonging to the age group 2-12 years.
- international travel, especially to
countries without mumps vaccination
programs.
- working or living in close proximity to
individual(s) infected.
- being in states of immunodeficiency.

7- Mumps
SIGHN & SYMPTOMS:
- Fever
- Muscular pain (especially in the neck)
- Headache
- Malaise
- Typically precede the parotid swelling by 12 to 24 hours
- Earache on the side of parotid involvement.
- Discomfort with eating or drinking acidic food.
- Parotid pain is most pronounced during the first few days of
swelling.
- The swollen parotid gland lifts the earlobe.
- upward and outward, and the angle of the mandible is obscured
- Trismus (spasm of the masticatory muscles) can occur.

7- Mumps
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS:
- Apparent from clinical symptoms & physical
examination.
- An elevation in serum amylase levels is common;
rise tends to parallel parotid swelling, return to
normal within 2 wk.
- Enzyme immunoassay for mumps immunoglobulin
(Ig).
- IgG and IgM antibodies are most commonly used for
diagnosis.
- Fourfold rise IgG antibodies are detectable in 1st few
days of illness & are considered diagnostic.
- Microbiologic diagnosis is by serology or virus
culture.
- Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, urine and other
infected tissues.

7- Mumps
COMPLICATIONS:
- Meningoencephalomyelitis (inflammation of the meninges, brain,
and spinal cord)
- Orchitis (Painful testicular swelling)
- Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) Testicle pain and tenderness
- Oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries)
- Pancreatitis
- Myocarditis
- Arthritis
- Thyroiditis
- Deafness
- Dacryoadenitis (inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal gland)
- Optic neuritis (papillitis)

7- Mumps
PREVENTION:
- (MMR) vaccine, is recommended at 12-
15 month of age and second dose 4 to 6
years of age but may be administered at
any time during childhood after 4 weeks
since the 1st dose.
TREATMENT:
- There is no specific antiviral therapy;
treatment is entirely supportive.
- Antipyretics (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
are indicated for fever.

7- Mumps
- Bed rest should be guided by the patient‘
needs, but no evidence indicates that it
prevents complications.
- The diet should be adjusted to the patient's
ability to chew.
- Orchitis should be treated with local support
and bed rest.
- Mumps arthritis may respond to a 2-wk
course of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agent or corticosteroids.
- Salicylates do not appear to be effective.

8- Measles
INTRODUCTION:
- Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus.
- Measles is one of the most contagious diseases.
- Measles has been around for more than 1,000 years.
- Millions of people worldwide get measles each year,
and thousands die from the disease.

8- Measles
DEFINITION:
Measles an acute and highly contagious viral
disease characterized by fever, runny nose, cough,
red eyes, and a spreading skin rash. Measles, also
known as rubeola, is a potentially disastrous
disease.
ROUTE / TRANSMISSION: (Airborne Viral Disease)
It is spread by coughing and sneezing, close
personal contact or direct contact with infected
nasal or throat secretions.
The virus remains active and contagious in the air
or on infected surfaces for up to 2 hours. It can be
transmitted by an infected person from 4 days prior
to the onset of the rash to 4 days after the rash
erupts.

8- Measles
RISK FACTORS:
- Being unvaccinated.
-Traveling internationally, (developing countries, where measles is
more common)
- Having a vitamin A deficiency.
- Children with immunodeficiency due to HIV
or AIDS, leukemia or corticosteroid therapy.
INCUBATION PERIOD:
The incubation period is approximately ten
days, but varies from 7 to 18 days from
exposure to the onset of fever. It is usually 14
days until the rash appears.

8- Measles
CAUSES / AGENT:
Single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with
1 serotype.
Member of the genus Morbillivirus in the
Paramyxoviridae family.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
-High fever – Cough - Runny nose
-Red, watery eyes - Tiny white spots inside
the mouth (Koplik spots)- Rash from head to toe.

8- Measles
DIAGNOSIS / TESTS:
- General physical examination.
- Throat swab culture.
-The serum and saliva are measured
for measles-specific immunoglobulin M
(IgM).
- Urine samples may also yield the virus and
the IgM.

8- Measles
COMPLICATIONS:
- Ear infections
- Diarrhea
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Subacute sclerosingpanencephalitis (SSPE)
- Can cause death

8- Measles
PREVENTION:
Vaccination is the Best Protection Against
Measles.
Two doses of MMR (measles-mumps-
rubella) vaccine are 97% effective at
protecting against measles.

8- Measles
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
-No specific antiviral treatment exists for
measles virus.
-Severe complications from measles can be
reduced through supportive care that ensures
good nutrition, adequate fluid intake and
treatment of dehydration with WHO-
recommended oral rehydration solution. This
solution replaces fluids and other essential
elements that are lost through diarrhoea or
vomiting. Antibiotics should be prescribed to
treat eye and ear infections, and pneumonia.

By: Aftab H. Abbasi
RN, DCHN, BSN, MA, LL.B
Lecturer Nursing
Qadri College of Health Sciences Karachi

Diseases Mumps and Measles

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