5.(part 5) chn 1 gbsn year. 1 , semester. 2 unit v “the environment and its impact on community health”

Date:9/9/2021 www. qadricohs.edu.pk FB Page: Qadri College of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 1
QADRI COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARACHI
U-5, 5 OF 5
Community Health Nursing-I
Unit V : “The Environment and It’s
Impact on Community Health”
GBSN Year.1 , Semester.2
By: Aftab H. Abbasi
RN, DCHN, BSN, MA, LL.B
Lecturer Nursing
Qadri College of HealthSciences Karachi

Unit V : “The Environment and It’s
Impact on Community Health”
In this unit, students will explore the effects
of environment on individuals’ and
community health.
In addition, these students will discuss the
CHN role, is played to maintain healthy
environment.
The Environment and It’s Impact on Community Health

Unit objectives:
At the completion of this unit, students will be
able to learn the:
5. Air/ Ventilation & Housing:
- Define ventilation.
- Discuss the importance of air & ventilation.
- Discuss effects of poor ventilation on health.
- Describe the types standard, and needs of
housing,
- Discuss effects of poor housing on health.
The Environment and It’s Impact on Community Health

Air is the invisible mixture of gases that
surrounds the Earth. Air contains
important substances, such as oxygen
and nitrogen, that most species need to
survive.
Definition of Air

A means of changing the air in an
enclosed space.
Definition of Ventilation

1- Natural Ventilation:
Natural ventilation is
uncontrolled air movement
from windows, doors, or
cracks in the home. This used
to be the most common
ventilation method of allowing
fresh outdoor air to replace
indoor air in a home, and still
is found in most older homes.
TYPES / SYSTEM OF VENTILATION

2- Mechanical Ventilation:
Mechanical ventilation
systems circulate fresh air
using ducts and fans
rather than relying on
airflow through small
holes or crack’s in a
home’s wall, roof or
windows.
TYPES / SYSTEM OF VENTILATION

Exchanging the air in an enclosed space:
- Keep fresh air for respiratory system.
- Preserve correct level Of Oxygen in the
air.
- Control Carbon Dioxide.
- Control the moisture level.
- Lowering the heat level.
- Remove dust and odors.
- Reduces the risk of transmission of
airborne diseases.
Importance of air & ventilation

- Without proper ventilation, an otherwise
insulated and airtight house will seal in
harmful pollutants, such as carbon
monoxide, and moisture that can damage
a house.
- Studies have shown that a better
ventilation correlates with the
performance of a person at work, in the
office or at school.
Importance of air & ventilation

Adverse Effects of Poor Ventilation on
Human Health:
- Inadequate ventilation traps and
concentrates indoor air pollutants.
- Immediate and long-term health
consequences for building occupants
ranging from mild allergies to serious
respiratory illnesses.
Effects of Poor Ventilation on Health

Ventilation has a significant impact on
several important human outcomes
including:
- Communicable respiratory illnesses.
- Task performance and productivity.
- Respiratory allergies and asthma.
- Sick building syndrome.
(The prevalence of SBS symptoms is
higher in air-conditioned buildings than in
naturally ventilated buildings)

The term "sick building syndrome"
(SBS) is used to describe:
Situations in which building occupants
experience acute health and comfort
effects that appear to be linked to time
spent in a building, but no specific illness
or cause can be identified. (The term "sick
building syndrome" was coined by the WHO in 1986)

5 Ways Poor Air Ventilation Affects Health
and Safety.
1. Airborne Illnesses Spread More Easily In
Poorly-Ventilated Buildings.
2. High Concentrations of Contaminants
Accumulate Quickly in Enclosed Spaces.
3. Ineffective Cleaning Methods Exacerbate
Indoor Air Pollution.
4. Humidity Levels That are Too High or Too
Low Increase Risk of Illness.
5. Odors Linger in Areas with Minimal Airflow.

Poor ventilation causes:
- Dry throat and eyes.
- Concentration disorders.
- Fatigue, headaches, shortness of breath,
poor sleep, drowsiness, dizziness.
- Chronic colds or respiratory infections.
- Development of asthma or other lung
diseases.
- Cardiovascular disease and cancer.

List of some Airborne Diseases:
Many diseases are spread through the air,
including these:
1- Corona virus and COVID-19
2- Common cold
3- Influenza
4- Chickenpox
5- Mumps
6- Measles
7- Whooping cough (pertussis)
8- Tuberculosis (TB)
9- Diphtheria

HOUSE DEFINITION:
A building for human habitation.
OR
Relating to the place where one lives.
HOUSING DEFINITION:
A place in which a group of people reside and
pursue their life goals.
OR
Arrangement of all the requirements / needs
for living.
Types, Standard and Needs of Housing

Sufficient housing, in fact, has not
traditionally been a high priority of the
government, although in 1987 it did
establish a National Housing Authority
with the goal of developing housing units
for the country’s burgeoning low-income
population.
Housing in Pakistan

There are three general types / classes
of housing in Pakistan:
1- Pukka houses:
Built of substantial material such as
stone, brick, cement, concrete, or timber.

2- Kachha (ramshackle) houses:
Constructed of less-durable material
(e.g., mud, bamboo, reeds, or thatch).

3- Semi-pukka houses:
Which are a mix between the two.

STANDARDS OF HOUSING:
1- Site:
- Elevated from its surroundings.
- Independent access to a street of adequate
width.
- Away from breeding places of mosquito and
flies.
- Away from nuisances ‫مضرشے‬ such as, dust,
smell, smoke, excessive noise, and traffic.
- Should be pleasant surroundings.
- Soil should be dry and safe for founding the
structure and should be well drained.
- Should away from industrial area.

2- Open Space / Set Back:
- It is the open space all around the house
which allows proper ventilation and
lightening.
- In rural areas-should not exceed one third
of total area.
- In urban areas-allowed up to two-third of
total area.
- The set back should be such that there is
no obstruction of lighting and ventilation.
STANDARDS OF HOUSING

3- Walls:
- Reasonably strong.
- Should have a low heat capacity.
- Weather resistance.
- Unsuitable for harbor of rats and vermin.
- Not easily damaged.
- Sooth (9 inch brick with wall plastered
smooth and colored cream or white).

4- Floor:
Should be Pucca and satisfy the following
criteria:
- Should be impermeable.
- Must be smooth and free from cracks and
crevices ‫دراڑ‬
.
- It should be damp-proof.
- The height of the plinth should be 2-3 feet
(0.6 t o1 meter).

5- Roof:
- Should not be less than 10 feet (3
meter) in the absence of air-
conditioning for comfort.
- Should have a low heat
transmittance co-efficient.
- Should have rain water proof.

6- Rooms:
-Should not be less than two, at least
one of them can be closed for
security.
- The other may be open on one side
if that side is a private courtyard ‫صہن‬
.
- Two person per room.

7- Floor space:
- Floor area should be at least 120 sq ft
for more than one person and at least
100 sq ft for single person.
- Floor area per person should not be
less than 50 sq meter.

8- Doors and windows:
- Every living room should be provided
with at least 2 windows and one of
them should open directly on to an
open space.
- The windows should be placed at a
height of more than 3 feet(1 m) above
the ground in living rooms.
- Windows area should be 1/5th of the
floor area doors and windows
combined should have 2/5th the floor
area.

9- Facilities:
- Bathing and washing.
- Water supply.
- Cooking / Kitchen.

Definition of Need:
Require (something) because it is
essential or very important rather than
just desirable.
DIFFERENT HOUSING NEEDS:
Are the basic requirements that people
must have filled in order to live.
Needs of Housing

1- Physical Needs:
All things the body needs to survive.
• Shelter
• Safety and Security
• Sleep
• Air
• Sunlight
• Food
• Water
• Rest
• Space for personal activities
Needs of Housing

2- Psychological Needs:
Needs related to thoughts and emotions.
• Love
• Belonging
• Fun
• Comfort
• Relaxation
• Trust
• Privacy
Needs of Housing

3- Health Needs:
All the physical and psychological needs
should fulfilled; Living in poor or
overcrowded conditions are more likely to
have:
• Respiratory problems
• Risk of infections
• Mental health problems
Needs of Housing

4- Protective Needs:
Protection is any measure taken to guard a
thing / physical object / organisms or
intangible things (‫)غیرمحسوس‬ against damage
caused by outside forces.
• Hot / cold weather
• Dust / Smoke
• Wild Animals
Needs of Housing

There are many sicknesses which can be
caused by inadequate (poor) domestic or
personal hygiene.
- Not cleaning the toilet.
- Not getting rid of rubbish.
- Not washing clothes and bedding
frequently.
- Not storing food properly.
- Not washing hands.
- Not showering.
- Not washing hair.
EFFECTS OF POOR HOUSING ON HEALTH

1- Respiratory infections:
- It may promote the spread of
respiratory infections such as TB,
Influenza, Asthma, Allergic reactions
and Diphtheria etc.

2- Skin infections:
- Impetigo
- scabies
- pediculosis (head lice)
- Eczema
- Psoriasis

3- Accidents:
- Children from overcrowded homes are
three times more likely to be injured.
- Lack of home safety equipment.
- Stress, a death in the family, chronic
illness, homelessness or moving
home.

4- Mortality and morbidity:
- Due to poor housing, facilities, poor
hygiene, overcrowding etc. causing
multiple types of diseases, there
complications may lead to death.

https://us.softbankrobotics.com/blog/5-ways-poor-indoor-air-ventilation-affects-health
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/air/
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/guide_to_home_ventilation.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/Housing

“Air / Ventilation & Housing”
Email your queries to: aftabhussainabbasi@yahoo.com

By: Aftab H. Abbasi
RN, DCHN, BSN, MA, LL.B
Lecturer Nursing
Qadri College of HealthSciences Karachi

5.(part 5) chn 1 gbsn year. 1 , semester. 2 unit v “the environment and its impact on community health”

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