Discussion on yarn and cotton spinning
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This document discusses yarn and cotton spinning. It defines yarn and lists some key quality parameters such as count, twist, strength, imperfections, and irregularity. It then classifies yarns according to fiber length (spun vs filament), ply, fiber composition (single, blend, core spun), spinning process (ring, rotor, air jet), and end use (woven, knitting, fancy). Rotor yarn is discussed for its applications such as denim fabrics. Cost comparisons are made between different spinning methods.
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Fibre is any raw material that has a hair-like appearance or elongated shape due to its high ratio of length to thickness. A textile fibre must have suitable length, pliability, fineness and strength for conversion into yarns and fabrics. Yarn is a continuous strand composed of natural or manmade fibres or filaments used for weaving and knitting. Spinning is the process of converting fibres into yarn, which can be done through wet, dry or melt spinning depending on the fibre properties. Fibre properties like staple length, fineness and strength influence spinning and the properties of the final yarn.
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Textile physics provides essential knowledge for textile engineering. It covers topics like yarn geometry, fabric geometry, and mechanical properties that impact material behaviors. Specifically, yarn geometry teaches about fiber distribution, migration, and relationships between twist and count. Fabric geometry addresses permeability, crimp, and tensile properties. Mechanical properties include fatigue, creep, breaking strength, swelling, flexural properties, frictional properties, and thermal properties. Understanding these physics concepts is relevant and necessary for textile engineering applications and process control.
Classification of yarn yarn classification. Textile yarn. Yarn count.
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This document provides information about different types of yarn. It discusses that yarn is made up of twisted fibers or filaments that can be used for weaving or knitting. It then describes different types of yarns based on their material (staple vs filament), construction method (single, plied, cabled etc.), processing (combed vs carded), and other properties. Various terms related to yarn like count, twist and their importance are also explained. In addition, the document provides details on classifying and describing different yarns accurately.
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Textile physics provides essential knowledge for textile engineering. It covers topics like yarn geometry, fabric geometry, and mechanical properties that help understand how materials behave and are used. Specifically, textile physics informs calculations like yarn diameter and strength; fiber distribution in yarns; relationships between twist, count, and strength; fabric permeability and crimp; and mechanical properties like fatigue, creep, breaking strength, and dimensional changes from swelling. Understanding these fundamentals from textile physics is necessary for extracting properties from fabrics and controlling fabrication processes in textile engineering.
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This document discusses yarn twist, which is the spiral arrangement of fibers around a yarn's axis that binds the fibers together and contributes to the yarn's strength. There are two types of twist direction: S-twist and Z-twist. The amount and direction of twist impacts a yarn's appearance, strength, and other properties. Twisting fibers increases yarn strength by holding them together tightly. Both higher and lower twist levels can affect a yarn's absorbency, aesthetic effects, and tensile properties. The objectives and importance of twisting fibers into yarn include binding fibers, increasing strength and evenness, and shaping the yarn into a round form.
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The document discusses yarn twist, which is the spiral arrangement of fibers that binds them together and contributes to yarn strength. It defines twist, describes different types of twist including real and false twist. It also discusses factors that affect twist, methods of measuring and expressing twist, and the effects of twist on yarn and fabric properties such as handle, moisture absorption, and wearing properties. High twist results in a harder handle, better abrasion resistance, and lower moisture absorption, while low twist produces a softer feel but weaker yarn.
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Textile physics provides essential knowledge for textile engineering. It covers topics like yarn geometry, fabric geometry, and mechanical properties that impact material behaviors. Specifically, yarn geometry teaches about fiber distribution, migration, and relationships between twist and count. Fabric geometry addresses permeability, crimp, and tensile properties. Mechanical properties include fatigue, creep, breaking strength, swelling, flexural properties, frictional properties, and thermal properties. Understanding these physics concepts is relevant and necessary for textile engineering applications and process control.
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Twist is the primary binding mechanism for spun yarns. The amount and direction of twist influences many yarn and fabric properties. For knitting yarns, less twist is preferred to produce softer yarns and fabrics. Twist also affects strength, elongation, hairiness, torque, and cover factor. Maintaining a consistent twist level within 3.5% CV is important to avoid quality issues. The formation of spirality in knitted fabrics can be reduced through methods like using low-twist yarns, balanced plied yarns, or alternating S-twist and Z-twist yarns in the feeders.
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Textile Fiber & Yarn
Online Textile and apparel Merchandising course offer free.
Contacts: Email: faruqtexeng@gmail.com
Cell: +8801725425906
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This document discusses yarn properties that affect knitted fabric quality. It explains that yarn count, twist, evenness, imperfections, and strength are important characteristics to consider for knitting. It also compares carded and combed yarns, noting that combed yarns produce fabrics with higher quality attributes like strength, less pilling and shrinkage, and uniformity compared to carded yarns of the same count. The document provides classifications for yarn counts and says other yarn parameters will be discussed in future editions.
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This document discusses yarn count and twist. It defines count as the weight or length of yarn and describes direct and indirect count systems using formulas. It also explains how a Beesley balance instrument is used to measure count by balancing short yarn lengths against a standard weight. Finally, it defines twist as the number of turns per unit length of yarn, and describes S and Z twist directions based on the spiral of the yarn's filaments.
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Yarn is produced through a process of cleaning, aligning, and twisting fibers into a continuous strand. There are several types of yarns including spun, filament, and combination yarns. The document defines key terms and describes the production process for spun yarns which involves several steps: blow room processing, carding, drawing, combing, roving, and ring spinning. It also outlines characteristics and properties of different yarn types.
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Yarn is produced through a process of cleaning, aligning, and twisting fibers into a continuous strand. There are several types of yarns including spun, filament, and combination yarns. The key stages in producing spun yarn are blow room preparation, carding to align fibers, drawing to further align, roving to attenuate fibers, and ring spinning where the yarn is twisted and wound. Properties depend on fiber content and construction methods.
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This document discusses yarn count and different systems used to measure the fineness of yarns. It describes the denier and tex systems which measure linear mass density in grams per 9000 meters for denier and grams per 1000 meters for tex. It provides formulas for calculating filament diameter using denier or tex values and density. The document also compares direct and indirect yarn counting systems - direct uses mass of a length and indirect uses length per unit mass.
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This presentation contain about fiber length and various type of length and also the ways to measure span length , effective length,mean length etc.
Yarn properties effecting comfort of the fabric
Yarn properties such as twist, size, and texture affect the comfort properties of fabrics. High twist yarns result in fabrics with better durability but lower moisture absorption. Low twist yarns allow for better insulation and moisture absorption. Bulkier yarns like textured yarns provide more comfort through better absorbency, stretch, and insulation compared to smooth filament yarns. The type of yarn, whether spun, filament, or textured, determines characteristics like warmth, absorbency, durability, and ease of care for the resulting fabric. Yarn properties are thus an important consideration in designing comfortable fabrics.
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Yarn is composed of fibers that are twisted together. The amount of twist is measured in turns per inch and can be low, medium, or high. Twist direction is indicated by S or Z letters. Natural fiber yarns are made through processes like opening, carding, combing, drawing and roving to align fibers, then ring spinning draws, twists and winds them into yarn. Man-made fibers are extruded through spinnerets as filaments and solidified, then converted into yarns using wet, melt or dry spinning.
On measurement of twist per inch.
This document is a lab report submitted by 7 students to their lecturer for an assignment on measuring twist per inch of yarn. It describes an experiment conducted using a yarn twist tester machine to measure the twist of a 10-inch cotton yarn sample. The report details the objectives, apparatus used, working principle, calculations, and results which found that the yarn had 11 twists per inch. It concludes that measuring twist per inch helps determine yarn strength, direction, fiber fitness, and thickness.
Guidelines for selection of yarn part 2 12.02.14
Twist is the primary binding mechanism for spun yarns. The amount and direction of twist influences many yarn and fabric properties. For knitting yarns, less twist is preferred to produce softer yarns and fabrics. Twist also affects strength, elongation, hairiness, torque, and cover factor. Maintaining a consistent twist level within 3.5% CV is important to avoid quality issues. The formation of spirality in knitted fabrics can be reduced through methods like using low-twist yarns, balanced plied yarns, or alternating S-twist and Z-twist yarns in the feeders.
Yarn Count
Yarn count expresses the coarseness or fineness of yarn and is measured using various systems. There are indirect and direct count systems, with indirect systems like cotton using length per unit weight and direct systems like jute using weight per unit length. Various instruments can measure count, including the quadrant balance for short lengths, warp reel and balance method for longer lengths, and Beesley's balance for small fabric samples. Count affects properties like thickness and strength and is an important consideration in textile manufacturing.
Yarn lea strength tester.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Textile Fiber & Yarn
Online Textile and apparel Merchandising course offer free.
Contacts: Email: faruqtexeng@gmail.com
Cell: +8801725425906
Yarn Manufacturing
Textile yarn manufacturing involves several key steps. Fibers are first opened and cleaned through blowroom and carding processes. Drawing further arranges fibers into parallel strands called slivers. Roving attenuates slivers and adds twist. Ring frames then spin roving into yarn using drafts and twist. Combing upgrades raw materials by removing short fibers. The processes work to arrange, draft, and twist fibers into consistent yarns for weaving or other uses.
Yarn Count
This document discusses yarn count systems. It explains that yarns come in different thicknesses and are typically sold based on weight. There are two main systems for expressing yarn count: direct and indirect. Direct systems indicate the weight of a given length of yarn, while indirect systems indicate the length of yarn in a given weight. Common direct units include tex, dtex, and ktex which measure grams per 1000 meters, 10000 meters, and 1 meter respectively. Common indirect units include Nm, Nec, and Nw which measure meters, 840-yard hanks, and 560-yard hanks per gram respectively. The document provides examples and conversion factors between different count systems.
Yarn Hairiness
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Yarn production process/ Spinning process
This document summarizes the process of yarn manufacturing from fibers through spinning. It describes how fibers are opened, cleaned and formed into laps in the blowroom. The laps then go through carding to be further cleaned and formed into slivers. Combing is used to straighten and parallelize fibers. Drawing drafts and blends slivers. Roving/Simplex frames draft and add twist to form rovings. Ring frames further draft and twist rovings to produce yarn, which is then wound onto bobbins. The key steps are blowroom, carding, combing or drawing, roving/Simplex frame, and ring frame spinning.
Yarn testing machine's
The document discusses various techniques for testing yarn characteristics and quality, including twist, count, strength, and evenness. It describes machines like the automatic twist tester and Uster evenness tester that can accurately measure attributes like twists per meter and coefficient of variation. Maintaining proper tension, reducing friction, and following testing standards are important for obtaining precise yarn assessment. A variety of testing helps ensure high quality from raw materials to finished fabrics.
Guidelines for selection of yarn
This document discusses yarn properties that affect knitted fabric quality. It explains that yarn count, twist, evenness, imperfections, and strength are important characteristics to consider for knitting. It also compares carded and combed yarns, noting that combed yarns produce fabrics with higher quality attributes like strength, less pilling and shrinkage, and uniformity compared to carded yarns of the same count. The document provides classifications for yarn counts and says other yarn parameters will be discussed in future editions.
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This document discusses yarn count and twist. It defines count as the weight or length of yarn and describes direct and indirect count systems using formulas. It also explains how a Beesley balance instrument is used to measure count by balancing short yarn lengths against a standard weight. Finally, it defines twist as the number of turns per unit length of yarn, and describes S and Z twist directions based on the spiral of the yarn's filaments.
Manmade filaments & textured yarn_Dr.Ash
The slide show is designed with the objective of bringing limelight into the types of man made filament production. The textured yarns market is ever increasing which has also been explained in the simple way.
Yarn unevenness and its empact on quality
This document discusses yarn unevenness, its causes, measurement, and impact on quality. Yarn unevenness refers to variations in yarn thickness along its length. It is influenced by raw material variations and spinning process irregularities. Unevenness is measured using the irregularity percentage and coefficient of variation. Higher unevenness can reduce yarn strength, impact fabric appearance with defects, and lower productivity. Careful control of the spinning process is needed to minimize unevenness and maximize quality.
Types Of Cotton Yarn
There are two main types of cotton yarn: carded yarn and combed yarn. Carded yarn is made from shorter, lower quality fibers and results in a more hairy and irregular yarn. Combed yarn is made from longer, higher quality fibers and produces an even, very soft yarn with higher strength suitable for high quality fabrics. Cotton yarns can also be classified by their production process, including fly, cabled, doubled, novelty, flake, spiral, knot/spot, and slub yarns.
Different Count Used In Textile
There are three main systems used for measuring yarn count: fixed weight, fixed length, and Tex. The fixed weight system uses British and American units, fixed length uses metric units, and Tex is an internationally agreed upon standard. Yarn count can be measured directly by weight per unit length or indirectly by length per unit weight. Direct systems include Tex, Denier, pounds per spindle, militex, and kilotex. Indirect systems include English, French, metric, and worsted counts. It is important in the textile industry to have standardized yarn counting systems to distinguish thickness and facilitate calculations involving weight.
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Textile fibers can be natural or synthetic and are classified based on their origin and properties. Natural fibers include animal fibers like wool and silk as well as plant fibers like cotton, jute, and flax. Manufactured fibers are produced through industrial processes and include regenerated fibers like viscose and synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon. The essential properties of textile fibers that allow them to be spun into yarns include a high length-to-diameter ratio, strength, flexibility, and uniformity. Fibers are further characterized by secondary properties such as luster, color, moisture absorption, and linear density which is a measure of fineness. Yarn counts provide a numerical expression of a yarn's thickness or
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This document provides an overview of yarns, their classification, and characteristics. It discusses the key differences between spun/staple yarns and filament yarns. Spun yarns are made from short fibers that are twisted together, while filament yarns use continuous fibers. Yarn twist and count affect properties like strength and fineness. There are many types of yarns including novelty yarns which have decorative elements, and textured yarns that use new spinning techniques to alter the surface and shape. Textured yarns can be made to stretch or provide bulk. Overall, the document covers the fundamental types and characteristics of yarns used in textile manufacturing.
CLASSIFICATION OF YARN.pdf
This document discusses different types of yarns. It defines yarn as a strand of textile fibers or filaments suitable for weaving or knitting. Yarns are either spun (made from short staple fibers) or filament (made from continuous filaments). Key characteristics that affect yarn properties and the resulting fabric include twist, count, and whether fibers are spun or filament. The document also categorizes different types of yarns including simple, novelty, textured, and bulk yarns.
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Discussion on yarn and cotton spinning
- 1. Discuss on Yarn and cotton spinning Khaled Bin Reza Zico ID: 121-079-0-52 BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology 1Textile Fibre
- 2. 2Textile Fibre Defination: Yarn is defined as an assemble of fibres that is twisted or laid together to form continuous strand which can be generally used for weaving, Knitting. Quality parameters of Yarn: •Yarn count (CV %) •Yarn twist (twist per meter) •Yarn strength (cN/Tex or C.S.P) •Yarn Hairiness (Hairiness Index: H) •Yarn Imperfection (Neps, thick places, thin places per Kilo meters) •Yarn Irregularity (CV of Mass and diameter) USTER TESTER 5 (S400)
- 3. 3Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn 1. According to the component fiber length Spun Yarn Filament Yarn A spun Yarn is a strand of staple fiber (short fiber). Generally 30 to 100 fibers (depends on count) are bound together by twisting. It is normally produced from natural or synthetic fibers. Different form of spun yarn: Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF), Cotton Spun Yarn, CVC yarn, PC yarn. Filament yarn is produced from filament fiber. For filament yarn very low twist or adhesive are applied to hold the fibers together in yarn. Different form of polyester yarn: • Mono filament (single yarn) •Multi-filament •FDY (Fully Drawn Yarn) •Partially Oriented Yarn (POY) •Drawn Textured Yarn (DTY)
- 4. 4Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn 2. According to the ply a. Single Yarn b. Ply yarn c. Cord and cable Yarn
- 5. 5Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn 3. According to fibre composition a. Single fiber yarn b. Blend fiber yarn c. Core spun yarn Blend fibre YarnCore spun yarn
- 6. 6Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn Mixing Blending If different grade of same fiber are mixed then it’s called Mixing. So method of combining identical fibers within a specific ratio is known as mixing. For example, pima and Giza Cotton mixing. The method of mixing different fibers within a specific ratio is known as blending. If we mix polyester fiber with cotton fiber by any ratio, then it’s called fiber blending. Reasons of fiber blending: • To improve fiber properties like strength, absorbency, comfort, Dimensional stability etc. • To produce multicolored appearance e.g.. Mélange yarn (Cotton Melange , Viscose Mélange and Polyester Melange Yarn) • To reduce cost of fiber and fabric e.g. PC (Polyester cotton) or CVC (chief value of cotton) •To increase the value/ cost of finished products.
- 7. 7Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn 4. According to spinning process 1. Ring spun Yarn: Karded/carded Yarn (KC) Combed Yarn (CC) Compact Yarn 2. Rotor Yarn 3. Air-jet spun Yarn Ring spinning machine Denim Frabric (Rotor yarn)Airjet spinning machine
- 8. 8Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn Rotor yarn Applications:
- 9. 9Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn Cost comparison of different Spinning:
- 10. 10Textile Fibre Classification of Yarn 4. According to End use Woven/weaving Yarn Hosiery/knitting Yarn Weaving yarns are used for woven fabric making. These yarns are usually high twisted and stronger than hosiery yarns. Knitting yarns are used for knit fabric making. These yarns are usually low twisted and low strength than woven yarns. Fancy Yarn Slub Yarn Some Special Yarn: Melange Yarn