Discussing about information architecture for language learning: apps and strategies for engagement
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This study analyzes the structure of Information Architecture and the layers of the user experience of the apps for learning language, outlining its techniques and strategies used in order to engage users, thus contributing to a better understanding of how these apps work and how the design principles and practices could be useful in distance education.
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Discussing about information architecture for language learning: apps and strategies for engagement
- 1. Discussing about information architecture for language learning: apps and strategies for engagement Design & Technology 10th design principles & practices International Conference February/2016
- 2. The Researchers / Authors Flávio Nazário Graduate student and Researcher of the Laboratory of Ergodesign and Usability Interfaces (LEUI). PUC-Rio, Brazil. Cláudia Mont’Alvão Associate Professor, Researcher of the Department of Arts and Design, Graduate Program in Design. PUC-Rio, Brazil.
- 3. Summary Information Architecture IA components and User experience Mobile learning apps Strategy of engagement (gamification) Brief conclusions About the market
- 4. About the market 12,5 million* users of mobile learning services offered by Telecom companies in Brazil *Source: Mobile Time Portal, 05/2015.
- 5. About the market 9 million* Brazilians use Duolingo platform *Source: Duolingo, 01/2015.
- 6. Mobile learning ” M-learning refers to the learning process using information technology and mobile communication, where the main characteristics is learner mobility. SACCOL, et al. (2011)“
- 7. Mobile learning 4 technology criteria for choose mobile apps Time of existence Presenting in main mobile systems Free main content Consistent updates
- 8. Mobile learning 3 mobile apps selected with independent content
- 9. Information Architecture The research approach user interfaces information
- 10. Information Architecture Components categories suggested by ROSENFELD, et al. (2015: 88) 01. Organization systems 02. Lableling systems 03. Navigation systems 04. Searching systems Idiom Content map Topic icon heading headingimage Nav. bar Tab bar Action bar
- 11. Information Architecture Components of the mobile apps Figure 1: Initial content map Duolingo, 2016 Figure 2: Initial content map Busuu, 2016 Figure 3: Initial content map Memrise, 2016
- 12. Information Architecture Components of the mobile apps Figure 4: Learn content section Duolingo, 2016 Figure 5: Learn content section Busuu, 2016 Figure 6: Learn content section Memrise, 2016
- 13. Information Architecture Components of the mobile apps iOS Android • Duolingo • Busuu • Memrise
- 14. Information Architecture User Experience model – GARRET (2011) • Navigation bar / Tab-bar • Icons, numbers + Heading learning Skeleton • Mobile guidelines (iOS, Android etc) • Topical organization scheme • Interfaces templates (R.W.L.S.) Structure • Vocabulary • Grammar structures Scope • Learning goals • Language proficiency and practice Product goals User’s needs • Brand identity • Ilustrations, vídeos and images • Trend: flat design Surface
- 15. Strategy of Engagement D.M.C – Dynamics / Mechanics / Components Game Element Hierarchy Source: WERBACH, Kevin, et al. 2012
- 16. Strategy of Engagement Gamification – crossing mechanics and components Adapted Source: www.bunchball.com – gamification 101.
- 17. Strategy of Engagement Duolingo app – components of gamification • Achievement• Status
- 18. Strategy of Engagement Duolingo app – mechanics of gamification • Leaderboard• Levels• Virtual goods
- 19. Strategy of Engagement Gamification – mobile app • Duolingo • Busuu • Memrise Rewards Status Achievement Self Expression Competition Levels Challenges Leaderboards Virtual goods Rewards Status Achievement Self Expression Competition Altruism Levels Challenges Leaderboards Virtual goods Gifting & Ch. Rewards Status Achievement Competition Levels Challenges Leaderboards
- 20. Brief conclusions The M-learning apps is on the first improvement cycle of developing gamefication systems and they are plenty of possibilities. They must decide whether they are designing mobile apps to reach a wider audience or to fullfil user’s unique learning needs. Invest in a search system (findability) within the content. It could be the ‘game changer’ of the among similar apps. The next step of the research should be to test and measure the efficacy of the interfaces and investigate the users motivation.
- 21. Main References Garret, James J. 2011. The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond. 2º ed. New York: New Riders. Kapp, Karl M. 2012. The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Keegan. D. 2002. The future of learning: From e-learning to m-learning. Educational Resource Information Center, accessed November 1, 2015. [http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED472435] Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes. 2009. Will mobile learning change language learning? ReCALL, UK, vol. 21, n.2, p.157–165. Rosenfeld, L. Morville, P. Arango, J. 2015. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web. 4º ed. California: O’Reilly Media. Saccol, A. Schlemmer, E. Barbosa, J. 2011. M-Learning e U-Learning - novas perspectivas da aprendizagem móvel e ubíqua. São Paulo: Pearson Prentice Hall. Werbach, K. Hunter, D. 2012. For the Win: How Game Thinking Can Revolutionize Your Business. Philadelphia: Wharton Digital Press. Zichermann, G. Cunningham, C. 2011. Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps. Canada: O’Reilly Media Inc.
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon, my name is Flavio I will present the paper... My previously appoliges about my english and iff you don’t understand anyof the topics I’ll present, please “come foward” so I can try to explain of the other way.
- These are the authors and Cláudia the co-author and my master advisor ... This paper is part of my, in progress, dissertation about usability of mobile learning apps
- This the main topics of the proposition of paper
- About the market, I bring some data specific from Brazil. We have aproximately 12.5 millions of users of mobile learning services on different types of services, like sms and mobile apps... But this is only official numbers... This number is much large if we add up independent mobile apps, like Duolingo, Busuu, Lingualeo and so on...
- Speaking about Duolingo, it’s one of the famous apps for mobile language learner and he claims having 9 millions of users only in Brazil. In terms of engagement is pretty imprecive and it is a lot o people try to learning languages from the mobile app... What call our attention is how the people interact, where they use this apps and must important thing: Do they really learn something using this apps? We try to investigate this...
- I bring this definition for ilustrate the concept... Mobile learning involves the use of mobile technology, to enable learning anytime and anywhere. People can using mobile devices to access educational resources, connecting with others for education, or creating content, both inside and outside classrooms
- There are a plenty of mobile apps in online store, but we choose three mobile apps to investigate the Architecture and User Experience: We choose based on four criteria: • Time of existence, more than 1 year, because this impacts acquisition and credibility of the apps • Presenting in the main mobile system, as to bring more users in (a large number of public) • Free main content, because we need to map the user experience without money constraints • Consistent updates, because the apps need to follow devices and technology development
- We select only apps that are independent... This are the apps we decided to use in our research: Duolingo, Busuu and Memrise,
- We use Information Architecture to analyse the structure mobile apps chosen The approach is focus on this 3 key elements. Once we understand the objective of the users, we can analyse the interfaces to meausure its eficacy and to find out if they match the product content and business objectives. This paper focus on investigate interfaces
- We decided to follow the four categories suggested by ROSENFELD in his book Informantion Architecture for World Wide Web and Beyond. It is basically Organization systems: How we categorize information. Lableling systems - How we represent information Navigation systems - How we browse or move through information Searching systems - How we search information. Unfortunately mobile apps we analysed don't have content searches I think IA is not something you can easily point to, but in this case most of the components are in evidence on these mobile apps.
- I bring somes examples of components of the mobile apps...
- As you can see here, those are the topics inside de content map and each one contains exercises....
- And these are examples of navigation... The apps have two major navigation: Contextual directly through content with the topics of learning Global navigation through tab or action bar, depending on the operating system.
- Based on the Garrett model for planing user experience for website, we created a conceptual model for language learning apps. The model allows us to have a broad view of the user experience planing and if necessary, we can consulting the planes for further experiments. The Surface Plane: On the surface you see a series of Web pages or sections, made up of images and text The Skeleton Plane: the placement of buttons, controls, photos, and blocks of text. The Structure Plane: The skeleton might define the arrangement of navigational elements allowing the users to browse categories of products etc. The Scope Plane: The structure defines the way in which the various features and functions of the digital product fit together. The Strategy Plane: it is the base of the project
- We use professor’s Werback method to analyse the gamefication... Getting all these elements together is the central task of gamication design. Gamification requires a fusion of art and science. On one hand, it involves emotional concepts such as fun, play, and user experiences. On the other hand, it’s about engineering measureable and sustainable systems to serve concrete business objectives. Intrinsic motivation - is related to inner strength, able to remain active even in the face of adversity. This type of motivation is closely linked to individual interests and can be changed by the person's choice. Extrinsic motivation - is related to the environment, situations and external factors. Are the factors that may or may not help the person reach a goal or target set.
- The DMC method has more than 15 components and mechanical, but we use at only the main combinations features for the apps The table shows the intersection of the main and Mechanical Components gamification. The painted areas are the most common combinations of features for web and mobile.
- You can see your progress at the end of the exercises and you get achievements (rupias)
- You can spend the achivements with social goods You can see your improvements and compete with friends inside a leaderboard
- Here we can see a specific combination of each one app. We realize these app in terms of mashup between technology and strategy games are still at first improvement cycle.
- So brief conclusion we’ve done so far...
- These are the main authors we use it, there are more, but they are the most relevants...
- So that is it...