This document discusses various natural disasters that occur in Bangladesh and their impacts, including floods, cyclones, droughts, and landslides. It provides details on the root causes and effects of each type of disaster in Bangladesh. For each disaster, it discusses specific historic events, damage caused, and strategies that have been implemented in Bangladesh to reduce risks and impacts, such as structural projects like embankments and non-structural measures like early warning systems. The document also compares the impacts of two major cyclones that struck Bangladesh in 1991 and 2007.

1. Md. Rakib Hadan
17531013
Md. Rakib Hasan
17531013
Department of Environmental Science , Bangladesh University Of
Professionals( BUP)

3. Disaster and risk reduction in Bangladesh
Root disaster that occur in Bangladesh
Impacts of disaster
Root causes of disaster

5. Disaster ?
a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that
causes great damage or loss of life.
Natural
disasters
Man-made
disasters

6. earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards,
tsunamis, and cyclones

7. Human-instigated disasters are the consequence of
technological or human hazards. Examples include
stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial
accidents, oil spills, nuclear explosions/nuclear
radiation.

8. Root disaster that occur in Bangladesh
Flood Cyclone
Drought
Landslide

9. Flood
overflow of water that submerges land that is
usually dry.

11. Catastrophic flood in Bangladesh1988

12. 2004 Context
Geographical location
Environmental situation
 Climate change
About 68% of the
country is vulnerable
to flood
 25 to 30% of the area
is inundated during
 normal flood

13. Flood reduction strategies
Structural Non-structural
5,695 km of embankments, including 3,433
km in the coastal areas,1695 flood
control/regulating structures,

14.  4,310 km of drainage canals have been
constructed in Bangladesh Embankments and
polders have reduced floodplain storage
capacity during floods
Projects regarding flood
reduction
Ganges-Kobadak Irrigation Project( G-K Project)
Karnafuli Multipurpose Project
Coastal Embankment Project
 Brahmaputra Right Bank Embankment
18

15. G-K Project
Ganges-Kobadak Irrigation Project
(গঙ্গা-কপ াতাক্ষ সেচ প্রকল্প)
 large surface irrigation system of
Bangladesh
 to serve the Southwestern part of
Bangladesh.
 Kushtia, Chuadanga, Magura & Jhenaidah
District are served by this project.

16. Established flood forecasting center
land management for reduction of runoff
diversification of agricultural production
 disaster relief during and post flood situation forms an
disaster relief during and post flood situation forms an
important part of flood loss recovery.

17. Coverage of inundation and deaths in
major floods, 1984-1998
Year Flooded
area
Percentage
of total area
Number of
deaths
1984 28314 19 513
1987 57491 38 1657
1988 77700 52 2379
1998 100000 68 1050

18. Table of flood damage in Bangladesh (1984-1998)
Year Total crop
damage (
millions tons )
Total financial
loss
1984 0.7 4500
1987 1.5 35000
1988 3.2 40000
1998 4.5 142160

19. Cyclone
cyclone is a large scale air
mass that rotates around a
strong center of low
atmospheric pressure

20. Cyclone in Bangladesh
Before 2000
Alomost 60
After 2000
Almost 10

22. atmospheric turbulence involving circular
motion of winds, occurs in Bangladesh as a
natural hazard.
The tropics can be regarded as the region lying
between 30'N latitude and 30'S latitude
The Bay of Bengal is an ideal breeding ground for
tropical cyclones

23. Devastating cyclone that
occurred in Bangladesh
1991
2007
Sidr

24. Standing Orders for Cyclones
(a) Pre-Disaster Stage (Off-cyclone season)
(b) Alert Stage (Signal No. I, II and III)
(c) Warning Stage (Signal No. IV)
(d) Disaster Stage (Signal No. V, VI, VII and VIII, IX, X)
(e) Post-Disaster stage (Immediately after the cyclone till normalcy is
attained)

25. Signal No.( IV)
The port is threatened by a storm but it does
not appear that the danger is as yet sufficiently
great to justify extreme precautionary
measures.

26. Structural mitigational measures
1. cyclone shelters,
2.Coastal embankment,
3. improving housing conditions

27. Cyclone shelters Coastal embankment

28. Activities in Progress
Following the devastating cyclone of 1991, disaster management activities have
been upgraded through a 3 year UNDP technical assistance project of 5 million
US dollars involving various programmatic steps
improvement in coordination in response to disasters at all levels
 logistics and operational support, community participation perspective,
social & gender issues, public health, physical facilities and urban disaster
with very limited emphasis on coastal afforestration as a strategy towards
mitigation of cyclone and related storm surge impacts.

29. The components in terms of mitigational measures will
involve the following:
Newly accreted land in the form of mud shall be utilized for planting
mangrove plants,
 The existing mangrove forests shall be managed through participatory
way,
 The degraded/depleted forests land stall be planted and plantation will act
as green wall/wind break for cyclones and water flow reduction in storm
surges.

30. Comparison between 1991 and 2007 cyclone
Year Fatalities: Damage
1991 ≥138,866 total $1.7 billion
2007 3000 $450 million

32. non-availability of surface water resources and climate
variability
direct cause of a shortage of rainfall may be because
of one or more factors including large-scale
downward air movement within the atmosphere or
absence of available moisture in the atmosphere
which suppresses rainfall.

33.  Drought events occurred 19 times in Bangladesh.
 1961, 1975, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1989, 1994, and 2000.
 Past droughts have naturally affected about 53% of
the population and 47% of the country.

35. Drought reduction in Bangladesh
adjustment of
existing
agricultural
practices
introduction of
drought-
tolerant crop
varieties
jujube
(Ziziphus
jujuba)
and
mango

36. physical adaptive
measures
excavation, re-excavation of miniponds,canals,
storage facilities for preserving rain water;
formulating strategy to catalyze development of adaptive
livelihood opportunities
supporting better research activities

38. Before drought After drought

39. movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth
down a slope

41. Year Description
1968 .
1970 Similar event along Ghagra-Rangamati
road.
1990 Occurred on May 30, 1990. Affected
the link road embankment at Jhagar
beel area of Rangamati district.

42. Year Description
1997 A major landslide occurred in July 1997 at Charaipada of
Bandarban. The total area affected by it was about 90,000-
sq m. If such a landslide occurred in Bandarban Town and
any other urban or semi-urban centre, the devastation
would be tremendous.
1999 Two big landslides one in Bandarban and the other one in
Chittagong occurred on 11 and 13 August 1999
respectively claiming the life of 17 people.
2000 At least 13 people were killed and 20 injured in landslide
incidents on the Chittagong University campus and other
parts of Chittagong City on Saturday, the 24 June 2000

44. Effective management of landslides
Landslide has always been a geological hazard in Bangladesh, especially in the
southeastern part of the country.
By controlling the grabbing of state-owned land, such
occurrences can definitely be limited.
understanding the rainfall pattern and its exact
relationship with landslide in the region could also help
us be prepared.

45. Detailed land use planning of the vulnerable areas, a
landslide database
landslide mapping and geophysical analysis of the region
are essential to minimise landslides and their impacts in
the region.
Early warning systems need to be strengthened, with
active participation of community leaders. Proper
communication amidst the Bangladesh Meteorological
Department, community based organisations,

46. ensure sustainable landslide management, contingency
planning at different levels for emergency response
should be developed and updated at least once a year.
Appropriate feasibility studies, along with assessments
of risk, uncertainty, possible consequences,
constructability, environmental impacts and cost benefit
analysis by independent authorities are needed for any
mitigation measure.

47. government and local government authorities, the private
sector, NGOs and individuals, have particular roles to
ensure compliance with land use and relevant policies and
procedures, so that landslide risks are addressed when
infrastructure is constructed on hillsides.
To guarantee the best implementation of all this,
adequate resources from the central government and
development partners should be ensured by
authorities and policymakers.

49. 2017 Bangladesh
landslides
DateJune 12, 2017
Location: Rangamati, Chittagong and Bandarban, Bangladesh
Type: Series of landslides and floods
CauseHeavy monsoon rains
Outcome: Power cuts and telecommunications disruptions
Deaths: 152
Property damage: $223 milli

52. PRE-
DISASTER
PROTECTION
Hazard identification
Database assembly
Vulnerability mapping
Loss estimation
RISK ASSESSMENT
MITIGATION
Protective structures
Insurance Land
planning
PREPAREDNESS
Forecast systems Warning schemes
Safe refuges Stockpile aid
EMERGENCY PLANS
Evacuation routes
Practice drills First
aid supplies
POST-DISASTER RECOVERY
RELIEF
Search and rescue
Medical aid Food and
shelter
REHABILITATION
Debris removal
Restore public
services Temporary
housing
RECONSTRUCTION
Permanent
rebuilding
Improved
design Avoid
hazard zones
LEARNING REVIEW
Educate teachers
and builders Train
volunteers Inform
politicians

53. Disaster Reduction Regulative Framework
Disaster
Management Act
SOD
National Plan for
DMDM Policy
Sectorial Polices
DRR Incorporated
Sectoral Plans
DRR
Incorporated
Local Plans
Hazard Plans
Guideline
Templates
Programming for Implementation

56. Warning Signal Number Explanation
(i) Distant Cautionary Signal No. I (i) There is region of squally weather in the
distance sea where storm may form.
(ii) Distant Cautionary Signal No. II (ii) A storm has formed in the distant sea.
(iii) Distant Cautionary Signal No. III (iii) The port is threatened by squally
weather
(iv) Local Cautionary Signal No. IV (iv) The port is threatened by a storm but it
does
not appear that the danger is as yet sufficiently
great to justify extreme precautionary
measures.

57. (vi) Danger Signal No. VI (vi) The port will experience severe weather from
a storm of slight or moderate intensity that is
expected to cross the coast to the North of the
port in case of Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar
and to the West of the port in case of Mongla.
(vii) Danger Signal No. VII (vii) The port will experience severe weathe rfrom
a storm of slight or moderate intensity that is
expected to cross over or near the port.
(v) Danger Signal No. V (v) The port will experie3nce severe weather from
a storm of slight or moderate intensity, that is
expected to cross the cost to the South of the
port in case of Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar
and, East of the port in case of Mongla.

58. (viii) Great Danger Signal No. VIII (viii) The port will experience severe weather from
a storm of great intensity that is expected to
cross the coast to the South of the port in case
of Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar and to the East
of the port in case of Mongla.
(ix) Great Danger Signal No. IX (ix) The port will experience severe weather from
a storm of great intensity that is expected to
cross the coast to the North of the port in case
of Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar and to the
West of the port in case of Mongla.

59. (x) Great Danger Signal No. X (x) The port will experience severe
weather from
a storm of great intensity that is expected to
cross over or near to the port.
(xi) Communication Failure Signal No. XI (xi) Communications with the
Meteorological
warning centre have broken down and the
local officers consider that a devastating

60. The following 4 (four) types of signals are meant for River Ports
(i) Warning Signal No. I (i) The area is threatened by squally winds of
transient nature.
(ii) Cautionary Signal No. II (ii) A storm is likely to stike the area (vessels
of
65 feet and under in length are to seek shelter
immediately).
(iii) Warning Signal No. III (iii) A storm will strike the area (all vessels
will
seek shelter immediately).
(iv) Great Danger Signal No. IV (iv) A violent storm will soon strike the
area (all
vessels will take shelter immediately).

61. El Niño events are associated with a
warming of the central and eastern
tropical Pacific, while La Niña events are
the reverse, with a sustained cooling of
these same areas. These changes in the
Pacific Ocean and its overlying
atmosphere occur in a cycle known as
the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).