2. Objectives:
1. To discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of
DRR and Republic Act 10121;
2. To identify the participants and roles of each as mandated
in DRRM Law in addressing the disaster reduction and
management ; and
3. To recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life and be
able to apply them in real life.
3. INTRODUCTION TO DRR
- Philippines is prone to many different disasters due to it geophysical location
- The focus need to shift from disaster response to disaster risk reduction.
the concept and practice of reducing
disaster risks through systematic efforts to
analyze and manage the causal factors of
disasters, including through reduced
exposures to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people and property, wise
management of land and the environment,
and improved preparedness for adverse
events.
Philippine
Disaster Risk
Reduction and
Management
Act of 2010
4. For a vulnerable country with limited resources (such as the Philippines),
it is but necessary to exploring all viable and cost-effective mitigation and
preparedness options to reduce the devastating effects of disasters even
before they happen.
The following are examples of DRR activities, which are done before a
disaster strikes:
• building code revision and implementation
• hazard and vulnerability analysis
• zoning and land use management
• public awareness and education
• early warning systems including forecasting and dissemination of
warnings
5. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FOR RISK
REDUCTION MEASURES:
1. Strengthening buildings to avoid
collapse during an earthquake's ground
shaking, typhoon's wind blow, or
flood's water action.
2. Determining which facilities require
fire-safe roofing materials in case of
wildfires to prevent tremendous
property loss.
3. Use of strong structures to protect
and withstand flood.
6. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FOR RISK
REDUCTION MEASURES:
3. The crafting and
implementation of land use
control laws that prevent
constructing buildings and
other structures in hazard-
prone areas is another form of
mitigation measure.
7. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FOR RISK
REDUCTION MEASURES:
4. Proper timing of crop
cycles allowing harvest
before flood or typhoon
season and the restriction
of activities in volcanic
danger zones also mitigate
losses.
8. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FOR RISK REDUCTION MEASURES:
5. Planning for evacuation routes and
camps, and logistics for providing
relief supplies is a good disaster
preparedness practice that should
not be missed.
6. Preparedness also includes
activities such as stockpiling of
equipment and supplies.
9. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FOR RISK REDUCTION MEASURES:
5. The promotion of public awareness through information and
education campaigns is one of the pillars of disaster
preparedness.
10. 1. Can you provide more examples of-mitigation measures
that can be adopted for other hazards?
2. How effective are communications (internet, cellular
phones, etc) and social media in relaying warnings and
information and education campaigns? Do these make the
task of the lead agencies easier and more effective?
11. The Disaster Management Cycle
It is the entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of
impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before,
during, and after a disaster.
The activities commonly lumped together as disaster management
are:
Pre-event: • Risk assessment
• Mitigation or prevention
• Preparedness
Syn- event: • Emergency response (rescue, evacuation,
relief)
Post-event: • Recovery
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction
12. The Disaster Management Cycle
Key elements of disaster risk management
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s/figpub/pub38/figpu
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13. Early Warning Systems
An early warning system is an essential
component of emergency preparedness and
mitigation planning.
An accurate and effective warning system is
essential to safeguarding human lives from a
disaster.
People should be properly informed of the
warning system and taught on how to respond
to the signal.
Warning systems should be activated earlier to
provide sufficient time for people to evacuate.
PRE-EVENT: Risk assessment and mitigation/prevention
14. Key Features of early warning systems include the
following
1. Risk knowledge.
A risk assessment that involves the collection of data
on the hazard and vulnerability of a specific location
is necessary for the prevention of disaster and how
to respond to it. Through an alert system, a signal is
sent and appropriate responses and actions are
applied.
2. Monitoring and warning services.
There should be the integration of monitoring and
warning services grounded on a scientific basis. Such
services are needed to provide reliable and accurate
warnings.
15. 3.Dissemination and communication.
An efficient system should be in place to
communicate warnings that should reach the
affected areas. Communication systems encompass
different levels that include regional, national, and
community.
4. Response capability.
People should also be informed on how to respond
through education and disaster management
programs.
The response allows anyone to assess the outcome
quickly and to determine the appropriate actions to
be done. Any plans in relation to facing the disaster
should be tested and practiced.
16. The Emergency Kit
The kit is prepared in advance in a waterproof container and kept in an
accessible place. In addition, it should always be checked and
replenished when necessary.
PRE-EVENT: Preparedness
The kit should be able to
last for 72 hours, which is
the crucial period of time
when rescue teams and
other forms of assistance
are still on their way to
help.
17. Some contents of the survival kit are the following:
PRE-EVENT: Preparedness
1. 3 day Water supply per person
2. Non-perishable food (e.g., canned
food, dried foods, high energy foods such
crackers)
3. Flashlight with extra bakeries, candles,
and matches
4. Portable radio
5. Whistle to signal for help
6. Cell phone with charger
7. Toiletries (e.g., toothpaste, soap)
8. Medicine
9. Clothes and blankets
10.Important family documents (e.g.,
birth certificates, land titles)
11. Family emergency contact details
12. Extra cash
13. Utility knife
14. First aid kit that contains sterile
gauze pads, adhesive tapes, bandages,
scissors, tweezera• needle, antiseptic,
thermometer, alcohol, and latex gloves
18. • The most challenging period of a disaster is probably right after
it happens.
• Search and rescue operations will be needed for those who are
trapped, isolated, or missing.
• The disaster aftermath will yield many injured people and an
environment conducive to many kinds of disease.
• Medicines and medical personnel and facilities will be required.
Food, shelter, and clothing will have to be provided for those left
homeless.
• At this stage of disaster, the collective effort of the national and
local governments and independent organizations such as NGOs
are necessary
Syn- event: Emergency response (rescue, evacuation, relief)
19. Disaster recovery, rehabilitation,
and reconstruction have to start as
soon as disaster response has
concluded.
This is a massive task for the
government, requiring tremendous
amount of funds and a huge array of
human resources.
This phase might also take years
before even a fraction of it is
accomplished.
Post-event: Recovery, Rehabilitation , Reconstruction
20. QUESTION?
If you are given the authority to decide how to spend the limited
resources for disasters, for which part of the disaster
management cycle would you spend the bulk of the budget?
And why?
22. Communities are the first responders in case of a disaster. Therefore,
community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) should be the core of
any risk reduction approach.
CBDRM is an approach that seeks to:
(1) reduce vulnerabilities;
(2) strengthen people’s capacity to
cope with, prevent, or minimize loss
and damage to life, property, and the
environment;
(3) minimize human suffering, and
(4) hasten recovery.
23. Who Are the Participants in CBDRRM?
CBDRRM engages communities not only in DRR but also in all
phases of the disaster management cycle.
The tasks of decision-making and activity implementation rest
primarily on :
(1) local people and organizations with
(2) the national government assuming a supportive partner's
role.
24. Ideally, every individual, family, organization, business, and
public service entity within a community must assume a role in
reducing disaster risks.
People from all walks of life are needed to perform the
multitude of actions that are necessary.
Families can practice DRR with smaller hazards they are
exposed to at home and later on, with the hazards
affecting bigger areas in mind (such as school, universities, park,
malls, place of work, etc)
25. CBDRRM in Schools
Educational institutions are indispensable actors in
community-based DRRM. Students fall within the
most vulnerable sectors of the population.
Student could also be the most potent agents not
only of disaster preparedness but in all aspects of
the disaster management cycle.
26. Universities and colleges can
participate in research of the various
social and scientific aspects of
hazards. When students conduct
earthquake or fire drills, the
knowledge and skills they acquire are
transferred directly to their families
and to their communities.
Students are the future hazard
scientists, social scientists, and
leaders who will one day take the
lead in the various stages of the
disaster management cycle.
27. ACTIVITY:
The classroom is the student's second
home. Ensuring safety during an
earthquake is the responsibility of both the
school and the students. One must first
determine the earthquake safety status of
a classroom, so that steps can be taken to
improve the odds of surviving an
earthquake unscathed.
Let us answer the following to determine
whether our classroom is safe for possible
earthquake hazards:
28. Directions: Answer Yes or No to the following:
________1. Are tall cabinets, bookcases, and shelves anchored to a wall or to
anything stable?
________2. Are file drawers secured from possible spilling of contents?
________3. Are heavy objects removed from higher par of shelves and
cabinets?
________4. Are cabinets, bookcases, aquariums, and other delicate items far
from seating areas?
________5. Is the television securely fastened to a platform?
________6. Are clocks and other wall-mounted objects firmly secured to the
wall?
________7. Can hanging plants swing without breaking windows during an
earthquake?
________8. Are flammable, toxic, and corrosive materials sealed and stored in a
place other than the classroom?
29. 1. Do you see other unstable and hazardous materials
that are not included on this list?
Specify.
2. If you answered NO to any of the above, recommend
to school administration through your class teacher the
implementation of corrective measure(s).
3. You can apply the same test to your house or
bedroom.
30.
31. 1. What are the key elements of disaster risk
management
2. How important is disaster risk management
in our daily lives?
3. How can CBDRRM help people at the local
level?
32.
33.
34.
35. As a student, how can you encourage
your family, friends and community in
making a disaster preparedness plan?
36.
37. Be ready with your assignment on Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
Reporting of random selected students next meeting
40. 1. Discuss the key features of effective
warning system.
2. Do you think CBDRR is more effective in
our country as compared with government
centered DRR system? Why or why not?
41.
42. Let us see if you can give the complete
and accurate names of the following
Philippine national agencies.
DND
NEDA
DENR
DOLE
MGB
PNRC
NDRRRMC
43. DND – Department of National Defense
NEDA- National Economic Dev’t Authority
DENR- Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
MGB- Mines and GeoSciences Bureau
PNRC- Philippine National Red Cross
NDRRMC- National Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Council
45. Background of PDRRM Act of 2010
Presidential Decree 1566
- Issued by then President Ferdinand E Marcos in
1978 that is focused on providing relief goods and
construction of flood control system.
46. The effects of the tsunamis in 2004 in
Indian Ocean resulted in a sudden
rush of urgency to create the Hyogo
Framework of Action (HFA).
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
signed the PDRRM Act or RA 10121
on May 27, 2010
- in response to the HFA and
call for immediate act to mitigate the
devastating effects of different
calamities as a result of global climate
change.
47. The DRRM Act comes at a time when
the Philippines grapples for answers to
the ever increasing risk of its people to
disasters, particularly in the face of
intensified global climate change.
We need a more proactive approach to
managing disaster risks. The DRRM Act
transforms and reforms the way we deal
with disasters.
We now recognize that impacts of
disasters can be reduced by addressing
the root cause of disaster risks. The
government shifts its focus from disaster
response to disaster risk reduction
(DRR).
48. PDRR Act Framework
• Prioritizes on community level
DRRM focusing on the most
vulnerable sectors (i.e., thepoor,
the sick, people with disabilities,
the elderly, women and children)
• Recognizes the important role
and strengthens capacities of
local communities
50. Salient Features of the DRRM Act
• Integrated, coordinated, multi‐sectoral, inter‐agency, and
community‐based approach to disaster risk reduction
• Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society
organizations (CSOs) as key partners in disaster risk reduction
• Integration of the DRRM into the educational system
• Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state of calamity,
remedial measures, prohibited acts and penalties
• Establishment of the DRRM Fund (DRRMF) at the national and local
levels
• Good governance through transparency and accountability
51. Review
● Why did the Philippines need to create
PDDR Act of 2010 when there was already
PD 1566?
● Give the salient features of PDDR Act.
52. Who are involved in DRRM as mandated in the DRRM Act?
(1)National government.
The different government
departments and agencies with
responsibilities
related to DRRM are constituted as
members of the National DRRM
Council (NDRRMC) to ensure
consistency in the DRRM policies,
plans and programs of the
government
53. Who are involved in DRRM as mandated in the DRRM Act?
(2) Local government units
LGUs are considered as the
frontliners and “first responders”
in every disaster event (Sec. 15).
They take the lead in preparing
for, responding to, and
recovering from the effects of
any disaster.
54. Who are involved in DRRM as mandated in the DRRM Act?
(3) Civil society organizations (CSO), the
private sector and volunteers.
They complement and enhance the
government’s resources and efforts in
implementing an
effective DRRM.
Examples of CSOs are cooperatives, peoples
organizations, neighborhood associations, non‐
government organizations, church‐based
organizations and academic institutions.
55. Who are involved in DRRM as mandated in the DRRM Act?
(4) Communities
Their active and substantive participation
at all levels of DRRM coordination is
recognized since they are most familiar
with their situation.
They themselves shall determine which
approach is most appropriate for them.
56. National DRRM Council
(NDRRMC)
The NDRRMC is a multi‐
sectoral body composed of the
heads of the different
executive departments of
government, government
institutions, local government
associations, civil society
organizations, and the private
sector. It shall oversee the
DRRM system in the
Philippines
57. The Secretary of DND serves as the Chairperson of NDRRMC.
DND , through the Office of the Civil defense, is the lead agency in the
continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches in
reducing the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the
consequences of disasters.
Why DND? Because of its access to the Philippine Army, in relevance
to securing the people's safety.
Department of National
Defense (DND)
58. .
Under the chairman are four Secretaries who act as Vice-Chairmen of the four
frontline agencies
(1)Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG)
62. Sec. Gilbert Teodoro
DND
Sec. Atty Benjamin C Abalos, Jr
DILG
Sec. Erwin T Tulfo
DSWD
Renato Solidum Jr.
DOST
Ernesto M. Pernia
Arsenio Balisacan
NEDA
63. Other Members of NDRRM Council
Secretary of the Department of
Health (DOH)
Responsible for providing basic social services
to affected areas and leads in providing for the
psychosocial needs and directly a d indirectly
affected population
Secretary of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR)
Responsible for DRRM and climate change
adaptation-sensitive environmental
management
Secretary of the Department of
Education (DepEd)
Responsible for increasing the communities'
local risk knowledge through its teachers.
Secretary of the Department of
Energy (DOE)
Ensures the reliability, quality, and security of
he supply of electricity
64. Other Members of NDRRM Council
Secretary of the Department
of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC)
Coordinates the deployment of transport services during
and after the occurrence of a disaster from the national to
the local DCC.
Secretary of the Department
of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH)
In charge of providing guidelines, criteria, and standards on
structural engineering measures for infrastructure in areas
identified as hazard zones.
Secretary of the
Department of Finance
(DOF)
Leads in providing communities with access to
effective and applicable disaster risk financing and
insurance
Secretary of the
Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI)
Ensures that prices of basic commodities are
stabilized and that basic necessities are affordable
and comply the trade fair law
List of the other members and their functions on NDRRM are listed in your
book (pages 144-147) Please read and refer to these pages.
66. Review
● Who are involved in DRRM as mandated in the
DRRM Act? And what are their roles?
● What Government Agencies that head the
NDRMM Council and what are their specific
taskings?
67. Community Emergency Response Team
(CERT)
One of the LDRRMC’s mandate is to "organize,
train, equip, and supervise the local emergency
response teams and the accredited community
disaster volunteers.
CERT is a group of people which is mainly
trained and equipped to respond immediately
after a disaster. As quick responders, the CERT
is always ready to handle rescue and recovery
procedures during a major disaster and
coordinate with all government agencies
68. The responsibilities of the CERT are the following:
1. Provide an organized response before the arrival of emergency LGUs.
2. Call for assistance from authorities (e.g_.BFP, PNP) during the initial
stages of the disaster depending on the situation
3. Mitigate the impact and effect of the disaster that hit their immediate
area.
4. Assist in the initial assessment of the situation to determine the possible
cause of the hazard or dangerous event.
5. Perform recovery operations as soon as the area is declared cleared or
safe by the LGUs.
6. Tum over the situation to the responding LGUs as Soon as they arrive.
