Knowledge and Self Expressed Practices among Secondary School Teachers of Selected Schools of Pune City.

1. 12/23/18 1
TO
Ph D Thesis Presentation
by
Prof. Sonopant G Joshi
M.Sc. (N), M.Sc.(DM), SIFA
Guide : Dr. Daniel J Penkar
M.Com. M.A.(Eco) PGDBM, MMS, Ph. D.
Director – Sinhgad Institute of Management Pune

2. CONTENT OF THE PRESENTATION
• Research statement
• Reason for the choice of the topic
• Objectives
• Hypothesis
• Research Design & Methodology
• Research Findings
• Statistical Analysis
• Limitations
• Conclusions & Recommendations
• Area for further Research12/23/18 2

3. CHAPTERIZATION OF THESIS
12/23/18 3

4. 12/23/18 4
Chapter Title
1 Introduction
Reason for the choice of the topic
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the study
Hypothesis
2 Disaster Management – Development Perspective
3 Review of Literature
4 Research design and methodology
5 Research Findings
6 Statistical Analysis
7 Conclusion & Recommendations
References

5. 12/23/18 5
Thesis is related to the
‘Disaster Management’
The main focus is to
highlight the Human
Resource Development
Capacity Building of the
community
Secondary
School Teachers

6. Research Statement
“A study to develop and assess the
effectiveness of training manual on
Disaster Management in terms of
knowledge and self expressed
practices among secondary school
teachers of selected schools of Pune
city during 2009 - 11”
12/23/18 6

7. • Reason for choice of the topic
12/23/18 7
The world has seen many disasters
over the years.
The disaster situation poses threat
to life, heath and property which
affect society and environment
It is estimated that the disaster
events globally cost about $ 50,000
million and approximately 2,50,000
deaths in a year.
The United Nations estimates that in
the past two decades nearly three
million lives have been lost to natural
disasters and some 800 million
affected by them.
Threat posed by the disaster will likely be
even worse in the future

8. 12/23/18 8
Regional Distribution of natural disasters
& percentage of people killed (2000-08)
Region No of
Disasters
Peoples
Killed
Asia 2029 84 %
America 1262 3 %
Oceania 221 1 %
Europe 667 11 %
Africa 1031 2 %
Source : Centre for Research on
Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) 2009
The Asia-Pacific region witnesses a large number of
natural disasters due to its geographical location and
geological make up.
60 % of the major natural disasters & 84 % deaths
reported in this region

9. WORST NATURAL DISASTERS WORLDWIDE
YEAR Place Type of Disaster Death Toll
2010 Haiti Earthquake 2,20,000
2005 India, Pakistan Earthquake 50,000
2004 India,
Indonesia,Shrilanka
Tsunami 2,30, 000
2001 India (Bhuj) Earthquake 20,000
1993 India (Latur) Earthquake 7928
1991 Bangla Desh Floods 1,39,000
1990 Iran Earthquake 40000
12/23/18 9

10. • India as a nation is prone to various hazards due to
its unique geo-climatic conditions.
• Flood, drought, cyclone, earthquake and landslide
have been frequent phenomena.
• About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes
of various intensities;
• Over 40 million hectares is prone to floods;
• 68% of the area is susceptible to drought.
• Study reveals that when attention has been given to
adequate preparedness measures, the loss of life and
property has considerably reduced.
12/23/18 10

11. 12/23/18 11

12. 12/23/18 12
Seismic Zone Map
Damage by Earthquake

13. Earthquake, Cyclone & Floods accounts largest deaths 13
Mortality due to natural hazards in
India 2000 - 2010

14. 12/23/18 14

15. Bihar Floods - August 18, 2008
15

16. The Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004
16

17. 17
EARTHQUAKES…

18. Cyclone in AP
18

19. MAHARASHTRA
LATUR – KILLARI 30/9/1993
• Richter scale - 6.4
• Loss of lives - 7,928 persons,
• Injury to -16,000 persons
• Villeges affected - 52 villages
• Impact spread in - 2500 villages
• property loss - Rs.1100 crores.
12/23/18 19

20. Mumbai Flood 26 July 2008

26. Disaster Risk In Pune…
• Earthquakes
• Bomb blasts
• Civil unrest and conflicts
• Floods
• Industrial accidents
• Railway accidents
• Pandemic/ Epidemic
• Biological, chemical and radio-nuclear threats
26

27. A Disaster Strikes Pune at 2:00pm on 12th
July 1961 !!!
Panshet and Khadakwasla Dam Failure
results in a Major Flood in the city of Pune

28. History of Floods in Pune
0.00
250.00
500.00
750.00
1000.00
1250.00
1500.00
1750.00
2000.00
2250.00
2500.00
2750.00
3000.00
3250.00
3500.00
1940
1943
1946
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Highest flood record
3211cumecs
Panshet Dam Failure (1961)
Discharge in Cumecs
Years

29. • In the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, 971 students and
31 teachers were killed, 1884 school collapsed,
three million children were directly affected in 18
districts.
• The fire tragedy (2004) in a school in
Kumbakonam (Tamil Nadu State) claimed the
lives of 93 children.
• During the 2004 tsunami about 60,000 children
were killed.
• In the above cases the number of deaths and
losses was mainly due to concerned authority
not following disaster preparedness activities
and the children being not aware of the do’s and
don’ts at the time of such events.12/23/18 29

30. • Disaster Management education is a step
forward in generating an understanding of
the implications of disasters.
• School Teachers are some of the most
receptive group to disaster preparedness
education and training
• Disaster Management booklet, Manual,
handouts are easy ways of learning at
own pace and it is preferable means of
learning
• In view of the above researcher selected
this topic
12/23/18 30

31. TRAINING MANUAL ON DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• In recent past school became place for
disasters many children died in road
accidents, fire in schools, natural calamities
like earthquake and floods
• School teachers had great difficulty in
managing crisis due lack of training resources
and technical skills
• There were seldom any training manual
available for school teachers

32. Developing and publishing training manual will
help in providing a better understanding about
disasters, its causes, effects and its management
this manual will go long way in dealing with
menace of disasters

33. “A study to develop and assess the
effectiveness of training manual on
Disaster Management in terms of
knowledge and self expressed
practices among secondary school
teachers of selected schools of Pune
city during 2009 - 11”
12/23/18 33

34. Objectives
• To assess the knowledge of the secondary
school teachers regarding disaster
management before administration of
training manual.
• To assess self expressed practices of
secondary school teachers regarding disaster
management before administration of
training manual.
12/23/18 34

35. • To find out effectiveness of training manual
among the secondary school teachers
regarding disaster management in Pune
city
• To co-relate the knowledge of secondary
school teachers regarding disaster
management with self expressed practices
• To associate the findings with selected
demographic variables.
12/23/18 35

36. Hypothesis
• There is no significant difference in the level
of knowledge among the school teachers of
Pune City after administration of training
manual.
• There is no significant difference in the self
expressed practices among the school
teachers of Pune City after administration of
training manual.
•12/23/18 36

37. • There is no correlation between knowledge and self
expressed practices of Secondary School Teachers
regarding disaster management.
• There is no association of knowledge of secondary
school teachers regarding disaster management
with demographic variables
• There is no association of self expressed practices of
secondary school teachers regarding disaster
management with demographic variables
12/23/18 37

38. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
12/23/18 38

39. Research Design
Quantitative Research Design
Experimental Design
Quasi-Experimental Design
One Group Pre Test Post Test Design
Research design framework for present study
12/23/18 39

40. About quasi experimental design
• This design researcher is trying to establish a
cause-and-effect relationship. There are some
advantages to the use of quasi-experimental
designs. By this method the real world is more
closely approximated. This method is widely
used in management and educational
researches.
12/23/18 40

41. 12/23/18 41
Settings of the Study
Population
Sampling Technique
Secondary Schools
Total – 306
Schools included for study
Total – 30
Secondary Schools of Pune City
Secondary School Teachers of Pune City
Simple Random Method
Secondary School Teachers
Total - 1988
Teachers Included for study
Total - 540
FLOW CHART OF STUDY DESIGN
Quasi – Experimental Study (One Group Pre Test Post Design)

42. Settings of the study
SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUNE CITY
12/23/18 42

43. Selection of the Schools
12/23/18 43

44. SELECTION OF THE SCHOOLS
12/23/18 44

45. REGIONS
Total
No. of
Schools
%
Schools
include
d in
study
% State Board C.B.S.E I.C.S.E MEDIUM
TOTAL
English Marathi Eng Eng Eng Mar
CENTRAL 88 28.7 9 30 3 5 1 - 4 5 9
NORTH 32 10.5 3 10 1 1 1 - 2 1 3
SOUTH 42 13.7 4 13.3 1 3 - - 1 3 4
EAST 112 36.6 11 36.7 3 6 1 1 5 6 11
WEST 32 10.5 3 10 1 2 - - 1 2 3
TOTAL 306 100 30 100 9 17 3 1 13 17 30
Selection of the Schools for the Study
12/23/18 45

46. 12/23/18 46
Period of the study
March 2009 - November 2010.

47. 12/23/18 47

48. 12/23/18 48

49. 12/23/18 49

50. 12/23/18 50

51. 12/23/18 51

52. 12/23/18 52

53. 12/23/18 53

54. 12/23/18 54

55. 12/23/18 55

56. 12/23/18 56

57. DESCRIPTION OF THEQUESTIONNAIRE
• Section-I: demographic profile which
includes the age, sex, educational status
• Section-II: This section consist of items
related to Knowledge of Disaster
Management
• Section –III : items related to Self
Expressed Practices
12/23/18 57

58. SECTION - I
• Age
• Sex
• Education
• Teaching Experience
• Medium of Teaching
• Exam Pattern of School (State, CBSE, ICSE)
• Teachers training programme (D Ed, B Ed)
• DM / FA training
12/23/18 58

59. 12/23/18 59
Section - II

60. 12/23/18 60
Section - III

61. FINDINGS of the Study
12/23/18 61

62. Mean Knowledge & Practice Score
(N=540)
• Total Knowledge Questions – 30
• MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE – 15.9 (53 %)
• Total Self Expressed checklist items – 15
• MEAN SELF EXPRESSED PRACTICES – 7.05 (48 %)
12/23/18 62

63. 12/23/18 63

64. 12/23/18 64

65. 12/23/18 65

66. 12/23/18 66

67. 12/23/18 67

68. Break Up of Knowledge
– Basic concepts of disaster management –
Qs No 1-11
– Various Do’s and do not’s during disasters
Qs No 12-18
– First Aid skills
Qs No 19-30
12/23/18 68

69. 12/23/18 69

70. 12/23/18 70

71. 12/23/18 71

72. 12/23/18 72

73. 12/23/18 73

74. 12/23/18 74

75. SELF EXPRESSED PRACTICE SCORE
• Total Items Included – 15
• Classification of Level
•Poor 1 - 5
•Average 6 - 10
•Good 11 - 15
12/23/18 75

76. Mean Practice Score (N=540)
• Total Self Expressed checklist items – 15
• MEAN SELF EXPRESSED PRACTICES – 7.05 (48 %)
12/23/18 76

77. 12/23/18 77

78. 12/23/18 78

79. 12/23/18 79

80. 12/23/18 80

81. 12/23/18 81

82. 12/23/18 82

83. 12/23/18 83

84. 12/23/18 84

85. 12/23/18 85

86. 12/23/18 86

87. 12/23/18 87

88. 12/23/18 88

89. 12/23/18 89

90. 12/23/18 90

91. 12/23/18 91

92. Interpretation of the findings
Thus, the manual designed by
the Researcher has proved to
be effective in increasing
knowledge and self-expressed
practices among school
teachers of Pune city.
12/23/18 92

93. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
12/23/18 93

94. Hypothesis Testing
• There is no significant difference in the level of
knowledge among the school teachers of Pune
City before and after administration of disaster
management training manual.
• To test this hypothesis researcher used paired ‘t’
test. The calculated ‘t’ value was 19.69 and is
greater than table value (1.96) and was found
highly significant at both 0.01 and 0.05 level of
significance. Hence null hypothesis is rejected.
Thus proving that manual on Disaster
Management is useful in increasing the level of
knowledge.
12/23/18 94

95. • Hypothesis #2 : There is no significant
difference in the self expressed practices
among the school teachers of Pune City
before and after administration of disaster
management training manual.
• 14.88 is greater than table value
12/23/18 95

96. • There is no correlation between knowledge
and self expressed practices of Secondary
School Teachers regarding disaster
management:
• r=0.02517.
12/23/18 96

97. Hypothesis
• There is no association of knowledge of secondary
school teachers regarding disaster management with
demographic variables.
• Chi Sq test was applied
• It was revealed that Gender, Medium of teaching,
qualification, experience, teachers training is
associated with knowledge level and other variables are
not associated
12/23/18 97

98. 12/23/18 98
S.N. VARIABLES CALCULATED
VALUE (KN)
RESULT CALCULATED
VALUE (P )
RESULT
1 AGE 0.54 ACCEPTED 0.09 ACCEPTED
2 SEX 8.019 REJECTED 0.07 ACCEPTED
3 MEDIUM 45.38 REJECTED 0.05 ACCEPTED
4 ED. QUALIFI 14.78 REJECTED 0.01 ACCEPTED
5 EXPERIENCE 9.30 REJECTED 3.70 ACCEPTED
6 TEACHERS TRG 4.98 REJECTED 1.20 ACCEPTED
7 DM/FA TRG 1.27 ACCEPTED 29.20 REJECTED
8 EXAM BODY 2.14 ACCEPTED 9.08 REJECTED
Association Of Knowledge And Practice Score
With Demographic Variables (Chi Sq)

99. CONCLUSION
• Overall mean knowledge score was 15.9 (53%) self
expressed practice score was 7.05 (48%) indicated
that teachers knowledge and self expressed practices
are not at satisfactory level.
• Female teachers found more knowledgeable than
their counterparts.
• 26% had participated in first aid training programme
but their knowledge level was not significantly more
than those who have not undergone the training.12/23/18 99

100. • The mean knowledge & practice score of pre test was 15.9 &
7.05 whereas mean post test knowledge & practice score
was 24.07 & 11.93 resp. It indicates that there was 51% &
70% rise in the knowledge & Practice score clearly reveals
effectiveness of training in improving the knowledge &
Practice level of the school teachers.
• The effectiveness of the manual was tested statistically at
0.01 and 0.05 level of significance which indicated that
training manual was effective in improving knowledge and
practices of the teachers.
12/23/18 100

101. Recommendations
• School safety is very important concern. Every school
and community must take it seriously and strive
continually to achieve highest safety in schools.
Every school is unique by virtue of its teachers,
students, location and culture. Teachers role is very
important in mitigating the hazards and disasters in
schools. The teacher who is aware of disasters and
its management can improve the practices
successfully. Hence researcher has chosen teacher as
a target population to investigate an issue as well as
provide them educational material.
12/23/18 101

102. • The school authority should provide educational material to
the teachers. e.g. booklet, posters, brochures, charts etc.
• School authority should display all the important telephone
numbers at prominent places of the school e.g. ambulance,
fire, disaster helpline, child helpline etc
• It should be made mandatory to each Mobile Phone
manufacturer to incorporate Toll Free ICE number (user
friendly) in the software of Mobile phone. Provision also
should be made to include more than one such ICE numbers
before activation of Cell phone.
12/23/18 102

103. • Safety index should be determined for each school. The school below
safety standard may be identified and precautionary measures may be
taken.
• First Aid Workshops, Training Programmes should be organized for the
school teachers on regular basis simultaneously refresher training also to
be conducted.
• Include community partners such as local government, Police
Department, Fire Department and public health agencies in planning.
12/23/18 103

104. • each school must prepare their own school
disaster management plan (SDMP) and same
should be updated on regular basis.
• Periodical mock drill and evacuation drill
should be exercised in all the schools at least
urban schools of the state in collaboration
with concerned authorities such as Police, Fire
brigade etc.
12/23/18 104

105. • Schools located in city should have one way traffic control around the
schools up to the main road so that vehicles will come in one direction
traffic mishap will be avoided. In addition to this speed breaker at the
entrance of the school should be constructed to control on the speed.
• There should be comprehensive plan for disaster preparedness,
strengthening capacities for disaster risk reduction and developing skills
for making communities disaster resistant
• Disaster management education and awareness programme in the school
should be designed and conducted for all the teachers in the country
• School authority should prepare the pocket manual based on locational
hazards in that area. The same manual can be used by teachers while
teaching the subject of Disaster management.
• Subject of disaster management should be included in the curriculum
from primary level onwards so that student will prepared for future
disasters.
• Researcher strongly recommends to consider entire community for
capacity building. The concern authority should make note of it.
12/23/18 105

106. Area for further research:
• This study covered component of knowledge and practices of
disaster management. Other components such as behavior,
attitude and culture is open for research.
• Some studies can be conducted to assess the school safety
and security, school building, grounds, in which fire
extinguishers, unsafe parking area etc should be assessed.
• Similar study can be conducted among school students,
college students, and general public. Taking into account
entire country
• Similar study can be undertaken as comparative study
between Rural and Urban teachers.
•12/23/18 106

107. • Similar study can be conducted by using advanced
technology like simulation, online learning, virtual
classrooms etc
• There is urgent need for international data sets to provide
sex-disaggregated data on disaster related mortality,
morbidity and long term consequences.
• Research is needed both at local and at national level on
structural processes and factors that increase disaster
vulnerability in women and men across different social
groups.
• Effects of funding, programming, training and the
consequences of these for demographic variables in disaster
situations is another important area that needs to be
addressed by research studies.12/23/18 107

108. LIMITATIONS
• Only secondary schools were considered for the study.
• Knowledge and practices regarding disaster management is
included in the study other components like attitude, culture
and behavior were excluded.
• Instead of imparting actual training disaster management
training manual was developed.
• Due to vast distribution of geographical area of Pune city
sample size (540) and number of schools (30) were limited.
12/23/18 108

109. 12/23/18 109