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Digestion and Nutrition for Older Adult
- 1. DIGESTION AND NUTRITION FOR OLDER ADULT Intern Nurse Zeynep ATES Universidade de Evora Escola Superior de Enfermagem Sao Joao De Deus 7.11.2019
- 2. KEY WORDS • BMI • Cholelithiasis • Constipation • Dietary fiber ‘ fiber isn't digested by your body.’ – plant food • DRIs ( dietary reference intakes ) • Disphagia • MNA ( mini nutritional assessment ) • Olfaction • Protein – energy undernutrition ( p-e malnutrition ) • Xerostomia
- 5. • Taste cells can regenerate , the sense of taste probably declines with age . • Older adults who smoke , are malnourished , wear denture , take medications , or have medical conditions are likely to experience significant difficulty in detecting flavors .
- 6. ORAL CAVITY • Age-related changes in the teeth and support structures influence digestive processes and food enjoyment . With increased age , the tooth enamel becomes harder and more brittle , the dentin becomes more fibrous , and the nerve chambers become shorter and narrower . • app. 30% of people 65 years and older experience xerostomia ( dry mouth) because of medications and disease .
- 10. DYSPHAGIA NURSING ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS • 1- examine the level of consciousnes , posture , voluntary coughh , voice quality , and saliva control . • 2- have the patient drink 1 teaspoon of water • 3- if the teaspoon of water clears safely , have the patient drink a small glass of water . • Rest for 30 min before eating , sit upright , avoid rushing or forced feeding , alternate small amounts of solid and liquid foods , minimize disractions . • Good oral care • Heimlich maneuver
- 12. NURSING ASSESSMENT • Usual nutrient intake • Oral health • Usual eating patterns • Risks that affect food preparation , intake , and enjoyment • Measures of nutritional status
- 14. HOW MUCH FIBER DO YOU NEED ?• Age 50 or younger Age 51 or older men 38 30 woman 25 21
- 15. FLUID INTAKE Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) (51+ years) • Females: 2.7 L/day total water (2.2 L = 9 cups total beverages) • Males: 3.7 L/day total water (3.0 L = 13 cups total beverages)
- 16. VITAMINS AND MINERALS • Vitamin D • Current DRI’s are: • Males and Females 51-70 years: 10 ug (400 IU) • Males and Females 70 +years: 15 ug (600 IU) • Canada’s Food Guide recommends an additional daily vitamin D supplement of 10 ug (400 IU) for everyone over the age of 50 • New research is demonstrating a need for increasing vitamin D requirements for older adults
- 21. AGE – RELATED CHANGES • Less efficient chewing – ‘ how many times you chew your food ? ’ • Low senses of smell and taste • Low saliva secretion • Slower motility : lazy bowel syndrome • Degenerative changes affecting digestion • Daily intake : need fewer but higher quality calories
- 23. NEGATIVE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES • Difficulty procuring and preparing food • Low enjoyment of food • Low absorption of nutrients • High tendency to develop constipation
- 25. RISK FACTORS • Conditions that affect ability to obtain , prepare , consume, or enjoy food • Poor oral care • Effects of medications • Cultural and socioeconomic factors • Environmental factors
- 26. NURSING INTERVENTIONS • Teaching about nutrition and digestion • Preventing / addressing constipation • Promoting oral and dental care • Reffering for home- delivered meals and group meal programs
- 28. WELLNESS OUTCOMES • Improved nutritional status • Improved oral hygiene • Elimination of risk factors • High sense of well - being
- 32. OBRIGADA…