This document provides an overview of nutrition assessment and nutrigenomics. It discusses how nutrition assessment involves measuring factors like anthropometrics, biomarkers, dietary intake and more to determine nutritional status. Nutrigenomics is defined as the relationship between nutrients, diet and gene expression. The document outlines the various steps in nutrition like ingestion, digestion, absorption and metabolism. It also discusses methods of assessing nourishment like anthropometrics, biomarkers and dietary evaluations.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. It defines nutritional status and outlines consequences of undernutrition and overnutrition. Key methods of assessment discussed include clinical examination, anthropometry, laboratory tests, dietary intake analysis, and vital statistics. Anthropometry such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference are important objective measures. Clinical examination can identify signs of nutrient deficiencies. Laboratory tests and biochemical markers detect early metabolic changes. Dietary analysis and vital statistics provide population-level insight. A combination of methods is needed for comprehensive nutritional assessment.
This document discusses various methods for nutritional assessment, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods measure anthropometry, biochemical/biophysical markers, clinical signs, and dietary intake. Anthropometry includes measurements like height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and skin folds which can assess growth in children and body composition in adults. Biochemical tests measure nutrient levels in tissues or fluids. Clinical methods observe signs of deficiencies. Dietary assessments evaluate past and current nutrient intake. Indirect methods examine broader health and socioeconomic indicators related to malnutrition. The document provides details on each assessment type and their advantages and limitations.
This document provides an overview of community nutrition. It begins by defining community nutrition as applying nutritional knowledge to identify and solve population groups' nutritional problems. Community nutrition and health are interrelated, as nutritional and health problems coexist and influence each other within communities. The document then discusses methods of assessing nutritional status, including anthropometry, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary surveys. Key conditions related to protein-energy malnutrition like kwashiorkor, marasmus, and marasmic kwashiorkor are also described. The treatment of protein-energy malnutrition involves resolving life-threatening conditions through hospital care and providing a calorie- and protein-rich diet.
The nutritional status of an individual is determined by a complex interaction between internal constitutional factors like age, sex, nutrition, and diseases, and external environmental factors like food safety, and socioeconomic circumstances. Nutritional status can be optimal, undernourished, overnourished, or malnourished. Nutritional assessment methods include anthropometric measurements like height, weight, and BMI; clinical examination; dietary evaluation; and biochemical tests to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition and evaluate nutritional programs.
The document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. There are direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical exams that objectively evaluate individuals. Indirect methods use community health data to reflect nutritional influences. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, skin folds, and ratios that are compared to standards. Biochemical tests analyze blood and urine for nutrients and metabolites. Clinical exams identify signs of deficiencies in organs, muscles, and bones. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake patterns through weighing or recall methods. Assessments help identify malnutrition risks and measure program effectiveness.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status in children, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical examination, and dietary evaluation as well as indirect community-level methods. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference are useful objective measures that can be plotted on growth charts. Clinical examination looks for physical signs of deficiencies. Biochemical tests can detect early changes before symptoms. Dietary assessment methods include 24-hour recall, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries. The goals of assessment are to identify malnutrition, define health risks, and inform treatment.
This document provides an overview of nutrition, including factors that influence food choices, the nutrients in foods and the body, how nutrition research is conducted, establishing nutrient recommendations, nutrition assessment, and the relationship between diet and health. Some key points covered include the six classes of nutrients, how nutrients provide energy, establishing dietary reference intakes, stages of nutrient deficiency, national nutrition surveys, and risk factors for chronic diseases related to diet.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. It defines nutritional status and outlines consequences of undernutrition and overnutrition. Key methods of assessment discussed include clinical examination, anthropometry, laboratory tests, dietary intake analysis, and vital statistics. Anthropometry such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference are important objective measures. Clinical examination can identify signs of nutrient deficiencies. Laboratory tests and biochemical markers detect early metabolic changes. Dietary analysis and vital statistics provide population-level insight. A combination of methods is needed for comprehensive nutritional assessment.
This document discusses various methods for nutritional assessment, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods measure anthropometry, biochemical/biophysical markers, clinical signs, and dietary intake. Anthropometry includes measurements like height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and skin folds which can assess growth in children and body composition in adults. Biochemical tests measure nutrient levels in tissues or fluids. Clinical methods observe signs of deficiencies. Dietary assessments evaluate past and current nutrient intake. Indirect methods examine broader health and socioeconomic indicators related to malnutrition. The document provides details on each assessment type and their advantages and limitations.
This document provides an overview of community nutrition. It begins by defining community nutrition as applying nutritional knowledge to identify and solve population groups' nutritional problems. Community nutrition and health are interrelated, as nutritional and health problems coexist and influence each other within communities. The document then discusses methods of assessing nutritional status, including anthropometry, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary surveys. Key conditions related to protein-energy malnutrition like kwashiorkor, marasmus, and marasmic kwashiorkor are also described. The treatment of protein-energy malnutrition involves resolving life-threatening conditions through hospital care and providing a calorie- and protein-rich diet.
The nutritional status of an individual is determined by a complex interaction between internal constitutional factors like age, sex, nutrition, and diseases, and external environmental factors like food safety, and socioeconomic circumstances. Nutritional status can be optimal, undernourished, overnourished, or malnourished. Nutritional assessment methods include anthropometric measurements like height, weight, and BMI; clinical examination; dietary evaluation; and biochemical tests to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition and evaluate nutritional programs.
The document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. There are direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical exams that objectively evaluate individuals. Indirect methods use community health data to reflect nutritional influences. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, skin folds, and ratios that are compared to standards. Biochemical tests analyze blood and urine for nutrients and metabolites. Clinical exams identify signs of deficiencies in organs, muscles, and bones. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake patterns through weighing or recall methods. Assessments help identify malnutrition risks and measure program effectiveness.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status in children, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical examination, and dietary evaluation as well as indirect community-level methods. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference are useful objective measures that can be plotted on growth charts. Clinical examination looks for physical signs of deficiencies. Biochemical tests can detect early changes before symptoms. Dietary assessment methods include 24-hour recall, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries. The goals of assessment are to identify malnutrition, define health risks, and inform treatment.
This document provides an overview of nutrition, including factors that influence food choices, the nutrients in foods and the body, how nutrition research is conducted, establishing nutrient recommendations, nutrition assessment, and the relationship between diet and health. Some key points covered include the six classes of nutrients, how nutrients provide energy, establishing dietary reference intakes, stages of nutrient deficiency, national nutrition surveys, and risk factors for chronic diseases related to diet.
This document provides an overview of nutritional assessment methods. It discusses direct methods like anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessments. Anthropometric methods measure body height, weight and proportions to evaluate undernutrition and overnutrition. Biochemical tests measure nutrient levels in the body. Clinical assessment examines physical signs associated with malnutrition. Dietary assessment evaluates food intake. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic and vital health statistics that reflect nutritional influences. The document outlines each assessment method in detail and their advantages and limitations. The goal of nutritional assessment is to identify individuals and groups at risk of malnutrition and to evaluate nutritional programs.
Nutritional status is determined by the balance between food intake and energy expenditure, and is influenced by both internal factors like age and diseases as well as external environmental factors like food safety and socioeconomics. Nutritional assessment involves evaluating subjective and objective data related to food/nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history to identify undernutrition, overnutrition, deficiencies, and those at risk. It is done through various methods including dietary surveys, anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical examinations. Regular growth monitoring is important for screening for nutritional and health issues in children.
Nutritional assessment involves evaluating a person's dietary intake and nutritional status through various methods. It can identify undernutrition or overnutrition. Key methods include anthropometric measurements like BMI, biochemical tests of nutrient levels, examining signs of deficiencies in the physical assessment, and assessing dietary intake through recalls, diaries, and questionnaires. A complete assessment considers medical history, appetite, weight changes, physical exam findings, and lab results to evaluate overall nutritional status and identify any deficiencies or related issues impacting health.
1. Community nutrition focuses on assessing the nutritional status of individuals in a community, identifying nutritional problems and their causes, and developing programs and policies to improve nutrition.
2. Assessing the nutritional status of a community involves determining the prevalence of malnutrition through anthropometric, biochemical and clinical measurements of individuals, as well as understanding dietary habits and food security issues.
3. The data collected from various assessment methods is then used to design appropriate community nutrition interventions, such as nutrition education programs, to address the nutritional problems identified and improve health outcomes.
Methods of Determining Nutritional Status in IndiaAkash Dass
India is a developing country where the percentage of malnutrition and undernutrition is higher than that of developed countries. Nutritional status is such a state of health of a person, which is affected by the usefulness of food elements.
This document discusses methods for dietary evaluation in communities. There are direct methods like anthropometry, biochemical tests, and clinical exams, as well as indirect methods using health statistics. Dietary evaluation includes 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, dietary histories, food diaries, and observed consumption. These methods assess intake and compare it to requirements to identify deficiencies, excesses, and necessary diet corrections.
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include anthropometric measurements, clinical assessment, dietary evaluation, and biochemical/laboratory tests. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, mid-arm circumference, and skin fold thickness. Clinical assessment examines physical signs of malnutrition. Dietary evaluation involves dietary recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries. Biochemical tests include hemoglobin levels and micronutrient levels in blood and urine. Indirect methods assess broader community factors like economic conditions, food availability, and health statistics.
nutritional status assessment using Anthropometry, Biochemical, Clinical and ...DrVaishali3
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessments. Anthropometric methods like height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and skin fold thickness measurements are described as the most widely used and provide objective data on nutritional status. Biochemical indicators like hemoglobin and micronutrient levels in blood and urine are also evaluated. Clinical examination can detect early signs of nutritional deficiencies. Dietary assessment methods ranging from national food balance sheets to individual food recalls and records are outlined.
The document discusses nutritional assessment and support for patients at risk of malnutrition. It covers:
1. Components of nutritional assessment including dietary history, physical exam, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests.
2. Determining nutritional requirements by estimating basal energy expenditure, applying stress and activity factors, and using indirect calorimetry.
3. Enteral nutrition is the preferred method of nutritional support as it supports gut function and immunity, while avoiding complications of parenteral nutrition.
Nutritional assessment involves direct and indirect methods to evaluate community nutritional status. Direct methods include anthropometric measurements, dietary evaluations, clinical assessments, and biochemical tests. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, and body mass index are key to assessing malnutrition. Dietary assessments like 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires evaluate food and nutrient intake. Clinical exams identify physical signs of deficiencies. Biochemical tests like hemoglobin levels also help establish nutritional status. Collectively, these methods provide important data for identifying nutritional problems and developing effective intervention programs.
Aim of nutritional assessment
To identify nutritional problems of the community
To find the underlying cause for malnutrition
To plan and implement control of malnutrition
Maintain good nutrition of community
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of infants. It outlines direct methods like anthropometric measurements of weight, length, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. It also discusses biochemical markers and clinical signs. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic, and vital health statistics. The goal of nutritional assessments is to identify malnutrition, develop appropriate health programs, and measure their effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements are compared to reference standards to evaluate nutritional status.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status at both the community and individual level. It outlines direct methods like clinical examination, anthropometry, biochemical evaluation and functional assessment. Indirect methods include assessing dietary intake, vital health statistics, and ecological studies. Specific assessment techniques are described like collecting anthropometric measurements, conducting laboratory tests, analyzing dietary surveys and vital statistics. The goal of nutritional assessment is to understand nutritional problems, identify at-risk groups, and suggest corrective measures to improve community health.
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, assessment, and prevention/control. Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses of nutrients and can take several forms, such as undernutrition, overnutrition, or micronutrient deficiencies. It is caused by factors like infectious diseases, poverty, lack of knowledge, and cultural food habits/taboos. Assessment methods include clinical exams, anthropometry, biochemical tests, and dietary analyses. Prevention focuses on identifying at-risk individuals and providing special feeding programs to rehabilitate the malnourished.
1. Unintentional weight loss can be caused by many underlying diseases and disorders and requires a thorough assessment.
2. The assessment involves obtaining a medical history, conducting a physical exam including anthropometric measurements, and ordering relevant lab tests to identify potential causes.
3. Common causes of unintentional weight loss include cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine/metabolic conditions, cardiac disorders, infections, medications, and social/psychiatric factors.
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of a community. It describes direct methods like anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Indirect methods include analyzing economic, cultural, and social factors. The main goals of nutritional assessment are to identify malnutrition risks, current cases of malnutrition, and inform health programs and interventions. Assessment results can be used to take action by developing solutions based on the nutritional situation and available resources.
Food and nutrition are the way that we get fuel, providing energy for our bodies. We need to replace nutrients in our bodies with a new supply every day.
This document discusses the nutritional needs of patients from a nursing perspective. It defines nutrients and their importance for energy, tissue maintenance, and bodily functions. Nutritional needs are affected by various factors like age, activity level, medical conditions, and more. A nutritional assessment evaluates intake, lifestyle, medical history, and includes anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary analyses. Nurses play an important role in meeting patients' nutritional needs by considering preferences, assisting with meals, discussing diet importance, and more.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. It defines nutritional status as the current body status related to nourishment and consumption of nutrients. Assessment methods include clinical examinations, anthropometry, biochemical tests, dietary assessments, and analyzing vital statistics and ecological factors. Anthropometry involves measuring height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and other indicators to evaluate growth, wasting, and malnutrition. Laboratory tests examine nutrients in blood and other samples. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake through recalls, diaries, and other methods. Vital statistics and ecological analysis provide population-level insights. The overall goal of nutritional assessment is to identify malnutrition and use the data to design effective nutrition programs.
This document provides an overview of nutritional assessment methods. It discusses direct methods like anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessments. Anthropometric methods measure body height, weight and proportions to evaluate undernutrition and overnutrition. Biochemical tests measure nutrient levels in the body. Clinical assessment examines physical signs associated with malnutrition. Dietary assessment evaluates food intake. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic and vital health statistics that reflect nutritional influences. The document outlines each assessment method in detail and their advantages and limitations. The goal of nutritional assessment is to identify individuals and groups at risk of malnutrition and to evaluate nutritional programs.
Nutritional status is determined by the balance between food intake and energy expenditure, and is influenced by both internal factors like age and diseases as well as external environmental factors like food safety and socioeconomics. Nutritional assessment involves evaluating subjective and objective data related to food/nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history to identify undernutrition, overnutrition, deficiencies, and those at risk. It is done through various methods including dietary surveys, anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, and clinical examinations. Regular growth monitoring is important for screening for nutritional and health issues in children.
Nutritional assessment involves evaluating a person's dietary intake and nutritional status through various methods. It can identify undernutrition or overnutrition. Key methods include anthropometric measurements like BMI, biochemical tests of nutrient levels, examining signs of deficiencies in the physical assessment, and assessing dietary intake through recalls, diaries, and questionnaires. A complete assessment considers medical history, appetite, weight changes, physical exam findings, and lab results to evaluate overall nutritional status and identify any deficiencies or related issues impacting health.
1. Community nutrition focuses on assessing the nutritional status of individuals in a community, identifying nutritional problems and their causes, and developing programs and policies to improve nutrition.
2. Assessing the nutritional status of a community involves determining the prevalence of malnutrition through anthropometric, biochemical and clinical measurements of individuals, as well as understanding dietary habits and food security issues.
3. The data collected from various assessment methods is then used to design appropriate community nutrition interventions, such as nutrition education programs, to address the nutritional problems identified and improve health outcomes.
Methods of Determining Nutritional Status in IndiaAkash Dass
India is a developing country where the percentage of malnutrition and undernutrition is higher than that of developed countries. Nutritional status is such a state of health of a person, which is affected by the usefulness of food elements.
This document discusses methods for dietary evaluation in communities. There are direct methods like anthropometry, biochemical tests, and clinical exams, as well as indirect methods using health statistics. Dietary evaluation includes 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, dietary histories, food diaries, and observed consumption. These methods assess intake and compare it to requirements to identify deficiencies, excesses, and necessary diet corrections.
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include anthropometric measurements, clinical assessment, dietary evaluation, and biochemical/laboratory tests. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, mid-arm circumference, and skin fold thickness. Clinical assessment examines physical signs of malnutrition. Dietary evaluation involves dietary recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries. Biochemical tests include hemoglobin levels and micronutrient levels in blood and urine. Indirect methods assess broader community factors like economic conditions, food availability, and health statistics.
nutritional status assessment using Anthropometry, Biochemical, Clinical and ...DrVaishali3
The document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessments. Anthropometric methods like height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and skin fold thickness measurements are described as the most widely used and provide objective data on nutritional status. Biochemical indicators like hemoglobin and micronutrient levels in blood and urine are also evaluated. Clinical examination can detect early signs of nutritional deficiencies. Dietary assessment methods ranging from national food balance sheets to individual food recalls and records are outlined.
The document discusses nutritional assessment and support for patients at risk of malnutrition. It covers:
1. Components of nutritional assessment including dietary history, physical exam, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests.
2. Determining nutritional requirements by estimating basal energy expenditure, applying stress and activity factors, and using indirect calorimetry.
3. Enteral nutrition is the preferred method of nutritional support as it supports gut function and immunity, while avoiding complications of parenteral nutrition.
Nutritional assessment involves direct and indirect methods to evaluate community nutritional status. Direct methods include anthropometric measurements, dietary evaluations, clinical assessments, and biochemical tests. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, and body mass index are key to assessing malnutrition. Dietary assessments like 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires evaluate food and nutrient intake. Clinical exams identify physical signs of deficiencies. Biochemical tests like hemoglobin levels also help establish nutritional status. Collectively, these methods provide important data for identifying nutritional problems and developing effective intervention programs.
Aim of nutritional assessment
To identify nutritional problems of the community
To find the underlying cause for malnutrition
To plan and implement control of malnutrition
Maintain good nutrition of community
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of infants. It outlines direct methods like anthropometric measurements of weight, length, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. It also discusses biochemical markers and clinical signs. Indirect methods include analyzing ecological, economic, and vital health statistics. The goal of nutritional assessments is to identify malnutrition, develop appropriate health programs, and measure their effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements are compared to reference standards to evaluate nutritional status.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status at both the community and individual level. It outlines direct methods like clinical examination, anthropometry, biochemical evaluation and functional assessment. Indirect methods include assessing dietary intake, vital health statistics, and ecological studies. Specific assessment techniques are described like collecting anthropometric measurements, conducting laboratory tests, analyzing dietary surveys and vital statistics. The goal of nutritional assessment is to understand nutritional problems, identify at-risk groups, and suggest corrective measures to improve community health.
This document discusses malnutrition, including its definition, types, causes, assessment, and prevention/control. Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses of nutrients and can take several forms, such as undernutrition, overnutrition, or micronutrient deficiencies. It is caused by factors like infectious diseases, poverty, lack of knowledge, and cultural food habits/taboos. Assessment methods include clinical exams, anthropometry, biochemical tests, and dietary analyses. Prevention focuses on identifying at-risk individuals and providing special feeding programs to rehabilitate the malnourished.
1. Unintentional weight loss can be caused by many underlying diseases and disorders and requires a thorough assessment.
2. The assessment involves obtaining a medical history, conducting a physical exam including anthropometric measurements, and ordering relevant lab tests to identify potential causes.
3. Common causes of unintentional weight loss include cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine/metabolic conditions, cardiac disorders, infections, medications, and social/psychiatric factors.
This document discusses methods for assessing the nutritional status of a community. It describes direct methods like anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Indirect methods include analyzing economic, cultural, and social factors. The main goals of nutritional assessment are to identify malnutrition risks, current cases of malnutrition, and inform health programs and interventions. Assessment results can be used to take action by developing solutions based on the nutritional situation and available resources.
Food and nutrition are the way that we get fuel, providing energy for our bodies. We need to replace nutrients in our bodies with a new supply every day.
This document discusses the nutritional needs of patients from a nursing perspective. It defines nutrients and their importance for energy, tissue maintenance, and bodily functions. Nutritional needs are affected by various factors like age, activity level, medical conditions, and more. A nutritional assessment evaluates intake, lifestyle, medical history, and includes anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary analyses. Nurses play an important role in meeting patients' nutritional needs by considering preferences, assisting with meals, discussing diet importance, and more.
This document discusses methods for assessing nutritional status. It defines nutritional status as the current body status related to nourishment and consumption of nutrients. Assessment methods include clinical examinations, anthropometry, biochemical tests, dietary assessments, and analyzing vital statistics and ecological factors. Anthropometry involves measuring height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and other indicators to evaluate growth, wasting, and malnutrition. Laboratory tests examine nutrients in blood and other samples. Dietary assessments evaluate food intake through recalls, diaries, and other methods. Vital statistics and ecological analysis provide population-level insights. The overall goal of nutritional assessment is to identify malnutrition and use the data to design effective nutrition programs.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
2. INTRODUCTION
Nutrition is the science of food and its
relationship to health
It is a biochemical and physiological process by
which an organism uses food to support its life.
Food that is consumed tend to have effects on
the body in different ways.
3. INTRODUCTION II
Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of food
and food constituents on gene expression, and
how genetic variations affect the nutritional
environment
Food includes solids, semisolids and liquids
which can be consumed to keep us healthy.
4. INTRODUCTION III
Food refers to anything which nourishes the body.
Food helps us in the production of heat and energy
for our daily activities.
It helps us in the growth, repair and maintenance of
our body tissues.
5. INTRODUCTION IV
Food provides organisms with nutrients, which can
be metabolized to create energy and chemical
structures.
Failure to obtain sufficient nutrients
causes malnutrition.
6. INTRODUCTION V
•Nutrigenomics is broadly defined as the
relationship between nutrients, diet, and gene
expression
•In addition to the effect of genes on the
phenotype (i.e. the physical expression of genetic
traits), genes can also respond to environmental
influences – of which nutrition is one such
influence.
7. INTRODUCTION VI
•These nutrients include those involved in the one-
carbon cycle such as folate, vitamins B2, B6 and
B12, and others such as vitamin A, which
regulates gene expression.
•More general dietary patterns such as diets with a
high Glycaemic Index (GI) load have also
been associated with insulin resistance and
diabetes type II.
8. STEPS
The following processes are involved in the
utilization of food in the body.
1) Ingestion: It implies intake of food (by
mouth)
2) Digestion: After ingestion food is digested to
make it absorbable. It is achieved by
enzymes present in our mouth (saliva),
stomach and intestines.
9. STEPS 2
3) Absorption: Digested food get absorbed and passes
from our intestines into the blood circulation and
lymphatic system for distribution all over the body.
4) Metabolism of food is the set of life sustaining
chemical changes which undertake within the cells of
living organisms and its utilization for the purpose of
providing fuel to run the cellular processes.
11. Measuring nourishment?
•Nutritional assessment is used to determine
whether a person or group of people is well
nourished or malnourished (over-nourished or
under-nourished).
•It involves the interpretation of anthropometric,
biochemical (laboratory), clinical and/or dietary
data.
14. WHAT IS NUTRITIONAL STATUS?
The nutritional status of an individual:
is a balance between the intake of the nutrients and
the expenditure of these in processes of growth,
reproduction and health maintenance.
is influenced by food intake , quantity , quality and
physical health.
15. Nutrition Assessment In Detail
Nutritional assessment is the systematic
process of collecting and interpreting
information in order to make decisions about
the nature and cause of nutrition status.
18. Why Nutritional Assessment?
To obtain precise information on prevalence and
geographic distribution of nutritional problems of
given community.
o To identify individuals or populations -who are
at risk of becoming malnourished & - who are
already malnourished
o To develop health-care programs.
o To measure the effectiveness of nutritional
programs and interventions once initiated.
19. METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
Direct methods: – deal with the individuals and
measure the objective criteria
Indirect methods: – use community health indices
that reflect nutritional influences
20. 1. Direct methods of nutritional status assessment
These can be summarized as ABCD
Anthropometric methods
Biochemical, laboratory methods
Clinical methods
Dietary evaluation methods
21. 2. Indirect methods of Nutritional Assessment
These include three categories
Ecological variables
Economic factors
Vital health statistics
22. Direct methods A. Anthropometric methods
Anthropometry is the measurement of
• Height
• Weight & other measurements like
• Mid Upper-arm circumference
• Skin fold thickness
• Head and chest circumference
• Hip/waist ratio
23. Height measurement
• The subject stand erect on stadiometer
• The movable head piece is leveled with head
vault
• Height is recorded to nearest 0.5 cm.
• For infants infantometer is used.
24. Anthropometric measurements are noninvasive
quantitative measurements of the body.
Anthropometry provides a valuable assessment of
nutritional status in children and adults.
Typically they are used in the pediatric population
to evaluate the general health status, nutritional
adequacy, and the growth and developmental
pattern of the child.
25. Growth measurements and normal growth
patterns are the gold standards by which
clinicians assess the health and well-being of a
child.
In adults, body measurements can help to assess
health and dietary status and future disease risk.
These measurements can also be used to
determine body composition in adults to help
determine underlying nutritional status and
diagnose obesity.
26.
27.
28. • Growth monitoring of a child by comparing
with international / national standards using
growth charts over a period of time.
Anthropometric methods
29. • Can be used to assess infants, children,
pregnant women and adults.
• Uses a regularly calibrated electronic or
balanced-beam scale.
• Measured in light clothes nearest to 100g.
Weight measurement
30. Mid Upper-arm Circumference
• Circumference left upper arm at mid point between
acromion process and olecranon process
• Fiber-glass tape which does not stretch
31. Skin-fold thickness
• skin fold calipers are used (Harpenden and
Lange) measures the thickness of the skin and
subcutaneous fat using constant pressure
applied over a known area
• Common sites: triceps and in the sub-scapular
region
• It has value in assessing the amount of fat and
therefore the reserve of energy in the body
32.
33. Waist/hip ratio
• Waist measurement
• Measured at the level of umbilicus nearest to
0.5cm
• Subject stands erect with relaxed abdominal
muscles, arms at the side and feet together
• Measurement taken at the normal expiration
34. Hip measurement
• Measured at the point of greatest circumference
around hips to nearest 0.5cm Close contact
with the skin without indenting the soft-tissues
• Subject should be standing and measurer beside
him.
• Interpretation of WHR
• High-risk WHR=>0.8 in females and =>0.95 in
males indicates central obesity and considered
high-risk for diabetes and cvs disorders.
35. Advantages
• Objectives with high specificity and sensitivity.
• Measures many variables of nutritional
Significance. (ht, wt, MUAC, WHR , BMI)
• Readings are numerical and gradable on
standard growth charts.
• Readings are reproducible.
• Non-expensive and needs minimal training.
36. Limitations of Anthropometry
• Inter-observers error in measurement.
• Limited nutritional diagnosis.
• Problems with reference standards i.e. local
versus international.
38. BioINITIAL LABORATORY ASSESSMENT
chemical & laboratory methods
1. Haemoglobin estimation
• most important test when accurately
measured, tells about overall state of nutrition
(anemia, and also protein and trace element
nutrition)
• Blood is collected from a finger, ear lobe or heel
prick
• Haemoglobinometres which are simple, cheap
and reasonably accurate are used
39. 2. Haematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV)
• percentage of the blood volume composed of red
cells.
• important in the diagnosis of anemia.
3. Red cell counts and blood films
• the size and uniformity of the red blood cells can
be seen.
• Use of such slides may facilitate the diagnosis of
malaria and the haemoglobinopathies.
40. 4. Stool examination
• For presence of ova and/ or intestinal
parasites
• When assessed quantitatively parasite load
can be known
5. Urine examination
• Dipstick and microscopy for albumin, sugar
and blood
41. SPECIFIC LAB TESTS
6. Measurement of nutrients in body fluids
• e.g. serum retinol, serum iron
7. Measurement of abnormal metabolites
• e.g. urinary iodide, urinary creatinine/
hydroxyapatite ratio
42. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an inorganic mineral that has
a typical apatite lattice structure as (A10(BO4)6C2)
where A, B, and C are defined by Ca, PO4, and OH.
Pure HA contains 39.68% by weight calcium and 18%
by weight phosphorus resulting in a Ca/P mole ratio
of 1.67.
43. Advantages
• Useful in detecting early changes in body
metabolism and nutrition
• precise , accurate and reproducible.
• Useful to validate data obtained from dietary
methods e.g. comparing salt intake with 24-
hour urinary excretion.
44. Limitations of biochemical & laboratory methods
• Time consuming and expensive
• Cannot be applied on large scale
• Reveal only current nutritional status
SAY:Before we wrap up the course, let’s review what we have learned today.
During this course, we have
<READ the bullets from the slide.>
GO to next slide.
SAY:
The purpose of epidemiology in public health practice is to
discover the agent, host, and environmental factors that affect health;
determine the relative importance of causes of illness, disability, and death;
identify those segments of the population that have the greatest risk from specific causes of ill health; and
evaluate the effectiveness of health programs and services in improving population health.
GO to next slide.