This topic has been introduced in the new edition of Bailey & Love - 26th. This topic covers the types, uses & special uses as well as complications of Diathermy.
Presentation describing the modes of diathermy used in modern day surgery, its working principles, complications associated with diathermy use, precautions to be taken while using diathermy. Valuable for undergraduate students and post graduate residents of general surgery.
HARMONIC SYNERGY® Blades use high-frequency mechanical vibration to simultaneously cut and coagulate at the same time, sealing vessels at lower temperatures than electrosurgery:
Precise: Minimal lateral thermal tissue damage for safer dissection near vital structures
Reliable: Seals and divides vessels <= 2mm, as well as lymphatics
Versatile: Cuts, coagulates and dissects, reducing instrument exchanges
Diathermy
• Diathermy uses an electric current to cause localized heating,
permitting cutting of tissue and coagulation of blood.
• It may be unipolar or bipolar, the former having several settings
depending on which function is required.
Unipolar diathermy
Bipolar diathermy
• Advantages
• Allows surgery to proceed with better hemostatic control than using sharp
instruments.
• Different modes can be used to achieve different effects on different
tissues.
• Disadvantages
• High currents used in diathermy equipment cause induction in cables
used for other purposes. This results in interference in the ECG and other
monitors when diathermy is in use.
Safety
Presentation describing the modes of diathermy used in modern day surgery, its working principles, complications associated with diathermy use, precautions to be taken while using diathermy. Valuable for undergraduate students and post graduate residents of general surgery.
HARMONIC SYNERGY® Blades use high-frequency mechanical vibration to simultaneously cut and coagulate at the same time, sealing vessels at lower temperatures than electrosurgery:
Precise: Minimal lateral thermal tissue damage for safer dissection near vital structures
Reliable: Seals and divides vessels <= 2mm, as well as lymphatics
Versatile: Cuts, coagulates and dissects, reducing instrument exchanges
Diathermy
• Diathermy uses an electric current to cause localized heating,
permitting cutting of tissue and coagulation of blood.
• It may be unipolar or bipolar, the former having several settings
depending on which function is required.
Unipolar diathermy
Bipolar diathermy
• Advantages
• Allows surgery to proceed with better hemostatic control than using sharp
instruments.
• Different modes can be used to achieve different effects on different
tissues.
• Disadvantages
• High currents used in diathermy equipment cause induction in cables
used for other purposes. This results in interference in the ECG and other
monitors when diathermy is in use.
Safety
In operating room the most hazardous devise used in a daily basis is diathermy.
A basic understanding of electricity is needed to safely apply electrosurgical technology for patient care.
This is to explian the basic Principle of Electrosurgical unit
It includes Principle
Block diagram,types various techniques,front and back panel of the machine,hazards,advantages etc.
Surgical diathermy involves the intra cellular conversion of high frequency alternating current to thermal energy in order to generate a variety of tissue effect during surgery
In operating room the most hazardous devise used in a daily basis is diathermy.
A basic understanding of electricity is needed to safely apply electrosurgical technology for patient care.
This is to explian the basic Principle of Electrosurgical unit
It includes Principle
Block diagram,types various techniques,front and back panel of the machine,hazards,advantages etc.
Surgical diathermy involves the intra cellular conversion of high frequency alternating current to thermal energy in order to generate a variety of tissue effect during surgery
Here is the complete information about short wave diathermy. our main focus is on short wave diathermy and its medical effects in physiotherapy. our main goal is to provide you short but useful information hope this helps you a lot in your studies.
laparoscopy and minimal invasive surgery is modern gyn surgical tool tool it is wise to know some basics about electro- cauterization … and how to avoid its dangers.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
his topic - Intestinal Obstruction is very important for final year MBBS - Students & the Medical Officers, as it is one of the commonest causes of Acute Aabdomen. The PPT - contains the classification, common causes, clinical features & management aspects of Intestinal Obstruction. Also, highlights the differentiating features of Plain X-ray abdomen of Small & Large Bowel Obstruction.
This topic is very important for an MBBS Students as it is one of the common cases a Medical Officer will come across during their Surgical Postings. Moreover it is always a Debate in treating the patient either an Physician or a Surgeon...Always it is one of the Devastating conditions of abdomen...
This topic comes under the category - Venous Diseases. It is very important for a 3rd year MBBS Student to know about Varicose Veins, which is one of the commonest diseases encountered among out-patients.
This topic is under the Chapter - Arterial Disorders. The MBBS Students should know the types of Aneurysms and particularly Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.
This topic covers the etiology, types, pathogenesis and management of Hypovolemic & Septic Shock. It is very important for MBBS Students both theoritical and clinical aspect. Also they should know the hemodynamics of the above both types of Shock.....
This topic is under the Arterial Diseases of the Limbs. The MBBS students should know the Classification and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot. Also the different types of Gangrene and difference between Dry & Wet Gangrene....
This topic is under the category of Arterial Diseases. One of the subtopic is CLI. One of the ommon causes for CLI, is Atherosclerosis, which is discussed in this PPT.
This topic is under the category of Arterial Diseases. It is very important for an MBBS students to know about ALI, so as to treat them initially and then refer them to vascuar surgeons.
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery. It is very important for MBBS - Students. New method of resuscitation called the Damaged Control Resuscitation is carried out in controlling the hemorrhage.
This topic covers the etiology, types, pathogenesis and management of Shock. It is very important for MBBS Students both theoretical & clinical aspect. Also they should know the hemodynamics across the types of shock in treating the patients....
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery for MBBS Students. It also deals with Scars & Contractures. The student should know to differentiate between Hypertrophic Scar & Keloid..
This topic is mainly for MBBS Studnts. It is under the General Principles of Surgery. Students shoud know the phases of wound healing so as to treat them appropriately and select the correct method of dressing material....
This topic comes under the General Principles of Surgery for MBBS Students. The student should know the various types of wounds, their assessment and dressing methods.
IBD is very important topic even though the disease is prevalent in western countries. This PPT covers both the diseases side by side for comparing at same time and having an idea about them all together.
This topic is very important in day - today practice. Mainly this topic can be kept in clinical cases as well as OSCE's. for Final MBBS - Students. This PPT covers most of them in detail as far as possible.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
3. Diathermy, form of physical therapy in which
deep heating of tissues is accomplished by
the use of high-frequency electrical current.
The term diathermy is derived from the Greek
words “Therma”, meaning heat, and “Dia”,
meaning through.
Diathermy literally means “Heating through”.
Carl France Nagelschmidt, a German
physician, in 1909 coined the term diathermy.
4. Depending on the amount of heat
generated, diathermy can be used to merely
warm or to destroy tissue.
In the first instance, it is particularly beneficial
in relieving muscle soreness and sprain.
In the second, as an adjunct to surgery,
diathermy is used to coagulate, prevent
excessive bleeding, and seal off traumatized
tissues.
It is particularly effective in eye surgery,
neurosurgery & dermatology.
5. 3 forms of diathermy - wide use in hospitals :
Shortwave
Ultrasound
Microwave
6. In shortwave diathermy, the part to be
treated is placed between two
condenser plates, and the highest
temperature is concentrated in the
subcutaneous tissues.
It is usually prescribed as treatment for
deep muscles and joints and is
sometimes used to localize deep
inflammatory disease.
7. It uses high-frequency acoustic vibrations;
their heating effect ↑ circulation and
metabolism and speeds up the rate of ion
diffusion across cellular membranes.
During treatment the apparatus is moved
slowly across the surface of the area to be
affected.
Ultrasound is used to heat selected muscles
that are too deep to be significantly
affected by surface heating.
8. Microwave diathermy uses radiation of
very high frequency & short wavelength
similar to radar waves.
All physiologic responses are due to its
heating effect.
Microwave diathermy is used in the
management of superficial tumours with
conventional RT & CT.
9. Surgical diathermy is usually better known
as "electrosurgery". (It is also referred to
occasionally as "electrocautery“)
Electrosurgery and surgical diathermy
involve the use of high frequency A.C.
electrical current in surgery.
10. Diathermy can be used for 3 purposes :
Coagulation – Sealing of blood vessels.
Fulguration – the destructive coagulation
of tissues with charring.
Cutting – used to divide tissues during
bloodless surgery.
12. Where electrical current passes from
one electrode near the tissue to be
treated to other fixed electrode
(indifferent electrode) elsewhere in the
body.
Usually this type of electrode is placed
in contact with buttocks or around the
leg.
13. Active electrode in
surgical site.
Patient return
electrode – electrical
plate – attached
elsewhere.
Current flows through
patient.
Localised heating at
tip of instrument.
Minimal heating on
plate as more surface
area.
14.
15. Bipolar, where both electrodes are
mounted on same pen-like device and
electrical current passes only through the
tissue being treated.
Advantage of bipolar electrosurgery is
that it prevents the flow of current
through other tissues of the body and
focuses only on the tissue in contact.
This is useful in microsurgery and in
patients with cardiac pacemaker.
19. Sparks from diathermy can ignite any
volatile or gases or fluid within the
theatre.
Alcohol based skin preparation can
catch fire if they are allowed to pool or
around the patient.
20. Faulty application of the
indifferent electrode
with inadequate
contact area.
Patient being earthed
by touching any metal
object.
Faulty insulation of
diathermy leads.
Inadvertent activity
such as accidental
activation of foot
pedal.
21. Diathermy of wrong structure becoz of
lack of clarity of vision.
Faulty insulation of any lap instrument.
Intraperitoneal contact of diathermy
with another metal instrument.
Inadvertent activity while tip is out of
vision of the camera.
Retained heat in the tip – touching the
bowel.
22. Short circuit instances leading to
electrocution
Interfere with pacemaker function
Channeling effects if used on viscus with
narrow pedicle (e.g. penis or testis)