The document outlines concepts and principles for analyzing architectural works through diagramming. It discusses various formal characteristics of architecture like structure, natural light, massing, plan to section relationships, unit to whole relationships, additive and subtractive processes, symmetry and balance, circulation versus use, and parti. The objective is to introduce visual thinking and analysis of form, space and order in design through diagramming architectural case studies.

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Diagrammatic exercise
•Analysis diagram to investigate the dominant idea of a project
•To investigate the formal characteristic of each work
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2. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Make an analysis of your architecture.
The objective is to introduce visual thinking through diagramming, and to
introduce the basic principles of form, space and order in architectural
design. The analysis is based on, but not limited to, the following:
• Organization of form
• Organization of space
• Circulation and paths-space relationship
• Spatial hierarchies
• Massing
• Symmetry & Balance
• Rhythm & repetition
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3. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
- Study your project
- Draw the plan, elevation and
METHODOLOGY section
- Start diagramming your scheme
- Composed your diagram
- Presentation
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4. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
LA ROTONDA
VICENZA, ITALY
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5. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
STRUCTURE
•Synonymous with support
•Column, plane or combination
•Conceptualizing frequency, pattern, simplicity, regularity,
randomness and complexity
•Can be use to define space, create units, articulate circulation,
suggest movement to develop composition and modulation.
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6. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
STRUCTURE
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7. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
NATURAL LIGHT
• The manner in which, and the location where, daylight enters a
buildings
• Quantity, quality and color affect the perceptions of mass and
volume
• Result from filtering, screening and reflecting
• Concept of size, location and frequency of openings
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8. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
NATURAL LIGHT
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9. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
MASSING
•Three dimensional configuration of a building
•Perceptual image of the building as a totality
•Concept of context, collections and patterns of units, primary
and secondary elements
•To define and articulate exterior spaces, accommodate site
and to identify entrance
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10. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
MASSING
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11. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PLAN TO SECTION
•Plan as a device to organize activities and can generate form
•Horizontal and vertical configuration on their own but together
there form the volumetric understanding
•To relate at a number of scale: a room, a part of the whole
building
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12. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PLAN TO SECTION
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13. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PLAN TO SECTION
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14. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PLAN TO SECTION
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15. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
UNIT TO WHOLE
•Examines architecture as units which can be related to create
buildings
•May comprise only one unit, where unit is equal to the whole or
aggregations on units
•Unit can be adjoining, separate, overlapping, or less than the
whole
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16. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
UNIT TO WHOLE
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17. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
UNIT TO WHOLE
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18. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE
•Process of adding, aggregating and subtracting built form
•Additive renders the parts of the building as dominant
•Subtracting renders the whole of the building as dominant
•Richness can occur when both ideas are employed simultaneously
•It is also possible to subtract pieces from an identifiable whole and
then add the subtracted parts back to create the building
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19. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE
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20. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE
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21. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE
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22. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
HIERARCHY
•Physical manifestation of the rank in ordering
•Hierarchy implies rank ordered change from one condition to
another: major-minor, open-closed, simple-complex, private-
public, sacred-profane, served-servant and individual-group
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23. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
HIERARCHY
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24. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
HIERARCHY
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25. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
GEOMETRY
•Formative idea in architecture that embodies both plane and solid
geometry to determine built form
•Grids are identified from basic geometries through multiplication,
combination, subdivision and manipulation
•Geometry as a design tool
•Single most common determinant or characteristic in buildings
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26. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
GEOMETRY
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27. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
GEOMETRY
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28. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
SYMMETRY AND BALANCE
•Fundamental issue of composition
•The state of equilibrium
•Symmetry is a specialized form of balance
•Symmetry exist when the same unit occurs on both side of the
balance line
•Can happen from reflection, rotation and move along a line
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29. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
SYMETRY AND BALANCE
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30. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
SYMETRY BALANCE
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31. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
•Exploration of spatial and formal components which renders
as multiple or singular entities
•Unique is understood to be a difference within a class or a
kind
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32. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
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33. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
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34. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
CIRCULATION TO USE
•Circulation and use space represent the significant dynamic
and static component in all buildings
•Use space is the primary focus
•Circulation is the means by which the design is engaged
•Circulation determines how a person experience the building
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35. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
CIRCULATION TO USE
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36. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
CIRCULATION TO USE
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37. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
CIRCULATION TO USE
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38. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PART OF WHOLE REDUCTION
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39. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
GRID
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40. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
PARTI
•As the dominant idea of a
building which embodies the
salient characteristics
•Encapsulates the essential
minimum of the design which
the architecture can be
generated
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41. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
TADAO ANDO
Church On The Water
Tomamu, Hokaido, Japan
1985-1988
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42. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
STRUCTURE NATURAL LIGHT MASSING
PLAN TO SECTION
PLAN TO SECTION SYMETRY AND BALANCE
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43. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE
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44. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
HEIRARCHY
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45. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
GEOMETRY
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46. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Submission Requirement
Postcard
You are then required to investigate and formulate your findings into a set of 15
diagrams translated to a series of 15 post-card (A5 size).
The diagrams should be precise and informative to express the analysis of the ideas
hidden in the project assigned.
You are to use no more than three colours and the post-card should be well crafted
and beautifully drawn to be mounted on a hard surface.
Model
You are also required to produce a ‘white’ model of your assigned project.
The model should be a synthesis of your analysis. The base of the model should not
exceed the size of an A3 MDF board. The model should be crafted with your utmost
workmanship and stripped of all its unnecessary elements.
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47. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
FORMAT A3 DRAWINGS
•A3 BUTTER /TRACING PAPER
•TECHNICAL PEN
•NO BORDER
•TITLE AT RIGHT HAND LOWER CORNER
TITLE •TO BE COMPOSE AS A SET
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48. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
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49. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Studio activity for Thursday 4th August 2011
1. Drawing
2. Presentation (tutorial group)
U must have………
3.Your completed poster(2xA3)
4.Drawing equipment's
5.A3 size tracing paper
6.Enlarge plans of your chosen project
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50. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
EXERCISE 4: SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
• This exercise introduces the notion of spatial qualities in architecture.
According to Ching (2007), spatial qualities are determined by the level of
enclosure, openings and views. Different spaces may have different
qualities: spaces that are inside or outside, spaces of movement or rest
(static/dynamic), hidden or revealed spaces.
• Select one main space to develop and articulate the spatial qualities. You
are required to consider ‘viewing out’ and light/shadow play. You are also
required to consider materiality, and their implications to architectural space
& form. The issue of materiality will be integrated with your Building
Materials module.
Outcome: Sketches of internal expression of space
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51. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
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52. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
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53. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
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54. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
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