The document discusses the discovery phase of a client engagement. It emphasizes engaging the client in an open dialogue to understand how problems are currently being managed. The discovery process involves collecting various layers of data from the client organization, including identifying the presenting problem and relevant stakeholders, deciding on appropriate data collection methods, gathering and analyzing the data with the client, and providing recommendations to help the client make decisions. Experience interacting with the client is also a form of valid data about how the client manages problems.