Diabetic foot& Gangrene by Dr.AmrithaAnilkumar
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•252 views
Foot is a complex structure with many layers of muscles, ligaments, joints, arches, fat, thick plantar fascia, vascular arches, neurological system which maintains weight bearing, gravity, normal walk, stability and gait (swing and stance phases). & the causes or diabetic gangrene is Callosities , ulceration , Abscess , cellulitis , Osteomyelitis , Diabetic gangrene , Arthritis of the joints .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Diabetic foot + gangrene
Diabetic foot complications are a major source of morbidity and health care costs. They result from a complex interplay of ischemia, ulceration, infection, and Charcot's joint due to diabetes-related changes. Hyperglycemia leads to nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and tissues, formation of advanced glycosylation end products, and accelerated atherosclerosis. This causes peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and foot deformities which impair sensation and blood flow, making the feet susceptible to infection, ulceration, and gangrene. Charcot's joint is a destructive foot arthropathy caused by loss of sensation from diabetic neuropathy.
Venous Ulcers.pptx
This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on lower limb ulceration. It discusses actively engaging students by showing blank slides first to elicit what they know before providing information. Treatment of lower limb ulcers focuses on compression therapy, wound care, infection control and improving circulation and nutrition. Surgical options are available for advanced cases that do not heal with compression, including procedures to remove veins and treat varicose veins. Lifelong compression therapy is important after healing to prevent recurrence.
Clubbing
Clubbing refers to focal swelling of the fingers and toes caused by proliferation of connective tissue between the nail matrix and distal phalanx. It is characterized by increased transverse and anteroposterior diameter of the nails. Clubbing can be examined by measuring angles like the Lovibond angle and hyponychial angle. The degree of clubbing is classified from 10 to 40 based on features present. Common causes of clubbing include cyanotic heart disease, lung diseases like bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and infections like endocarditis. Clubbing is a nonspecific physical finding that may indicate underlying chronic diseases or conditions.
Necrotizing fascitis
This document discusses necrotizing soft tissue infections such as necrotizing fasciitis. It notes that these infections can originate from trauma, surgery, immunosuppression or malignancy. They can be polymicrobial, involving multiple organisms, or monomicrobial, involving an aggressive single organism. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and imaging tests. Differential diagnoses include deep vein thrombosis, pyomyositis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and cellulitis. Treatment involves stabilization, broad spectrum antibiotics, debridement of infected tissue, and reconstruction.
Chronic osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and eradicate completely. It is characterized by infected dead bone within scarred soft tissue. Treatment requires long-term antibiotics as well as extensive surgical debridement to remove all infected and dead bone. Multiple surgical procedures may be needed to eliminate residual infection by removing bone sequestra and draining sinus tracts. Even with aggressive treatment, complications like reinfection, joint stiffness, and limb deformity are common.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Carbuncle
Carbuncle is a skin infection caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. It results in a painful, swollen lump under the skin that may contain pus and can develop in hairy areas. Carbuncles occur when hair follicles are infected by bacteria and involve a group of follicles. They are diagnosed through visual examination and sometimes tested fluid or blood samples. Treatment involves antibiotics, draining the carbuncle, and home remedies like warm compresses and cleaning with antibacterial soap.
Osteomyelitis
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection and inflammation of bone and bone marrow. It describes the different types of osteomyelitis, including pyogenic (bacterial), tuberculous, and syphilitic osteomyelitis. The stages and morphology of osteomyelitis are outlined from the acute stage of bacterial proliferation to the chronic stage involving bone necrosis, abscess formation, and new bone growth. Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and radiological findings are also summarized.
Recommended
Diabetic foot + gangrene
Diabetic foot complications are a major source of morbidity and health care costs. They result from a complex interplay of ischemia, ulceration, infection, and Charcot's joint due to diabetes-related changes. Hyperglycemia leads to nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and tissues, formation of advanced glycosylation end products, and accelerated atherosclerosis. This causes peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and foot deformities which impair sensation and blood flow, making the feet susceptible to infection, ulceration, and gangrene. Charcot's joint is a destructive foot arthropathy caused by loss of sensation from diabetic neuropathy.
Venous Ulcers.pptx
This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on lower limb ulceration. It discusses actively engaging students by showing blank slides first to elicit what they know before providing information. Treatment of lower limb ulcers focuses on compression therapy, wound care, infection control and improving circulation and nutrition. Surgical options are available for advanced cases that do not heal with compression, including procedures to remove veins and treat varicose veins. Lifelong compression therapy is important after healing to prevent recurrence.
Clubbing
Clubbing refers to focal swelling of the fingers and toes caused by proliferation of connective tissue between the nail matrix and distal phalanx. It is characterized by increased transverse and anteroposterior diameter of the nails. Clubbing can be examined by measuring angles like the Lovibond angle and hyponychial angle. The degree of clubbing is classified from 10 to 40 based on features present. Common causes of clubbing include cyanotic heart disease, lung diseases like bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and infections like endocarditis. Clubbing is a nonspecific physical finding that may indicate underlying chronic diseases or conditions.
Necrotizing fascitis
This document discusses necrotizing soft tissue infections such as necrotizing fasciitis. It notes that these infections can originate from trauma, surgery, immunosuppression or malignancy. They can be polymicrobial, involving multiple organisms, or monomicrobial, involving an aggressive single organism. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and imaging tests. Differential diagnoses include deep vein thrombosis, pyomyositis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and cellulitis. Treatment involves stabilization, broad spectrum antibiotics, debridement of infected tissue, and reconstruction.
Chronic osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and eradicate completely. It is characterized by infected dead bone within scarred soft tissue. Treatment requires long-term antibiotics as well as extensive surgical debridement to remove all infected and dead bone. Multiple surgical procedures may be needed to eliminate residual infection by removing bone sequestra and draining sinus tracts. Even with aggressive treatment, complications like reinfection, joint stiffness, and limb deformity are common.
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Carbuncle
Carbuncle is a skin infection caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. It results in a painful, swollen lump under the skin that may contain pus and can develop in hairy areas. Carbuncles occur when hair follicles are infected by bacteria and involve a group of follicles. They are diagnosed through visual examination and sometimes tested fluid or blood samples. Treatment involves antibiotics, draining the carbuncle, and home remedies like warm compresses and cleaning with antibacterial soap.
Osteomyelitis
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection and inflammation of bone and bone marrow. It describes the different types of osteomyelitis, including pyogenic (bacterial), tuberculous, and syphilitic osteomyelitis. The stages and morphology of osteomyelitis are outlined from the acute stage of bacterial proliferation to the chronic stage involving bone necrosis, abscess formation, and new bone growth. Clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and radiological findings are also summarized.
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a joint infection caused by bacteria or other microbes entering the joint space. It leads to inflammation of the synovial membrane and purulent effusion. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth and limited movement of the infected joint. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis showing purulence and leukocytosis, along with supportive blood tests. Treatment is with antibiotics and surgical drainage may be needed. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint deformity, and secondary osteoarthritis.
The diabetic foot - Derek Park
This document discusses the diabetic foot, including causes, risk factors, examination, classification, and treatment of common problems. Diabetic foot ulcers and infections are very common and expensive to treat. Treatment depends on the depth and severity of the ulcer/infection as well as the presence of ischemia. For ulcers, total contact casting and appropriate wound care/debridement are used. Surgery may be needed for recurrent or infected ulcers. Managing risk factors like neuropathy and controlling blood sugar/infection are important for prevention and healing.
Trophic ulcers
1) Trophic ulcers occur due to impaired nutrition or damage to an area of the body, often caused by diabetes, vascular disease, or nerve damage.
2) Evaluation of trophic ulcers involves assessing neuropathy, arterial blood flow, and identifying contributing local or systemic factors like high blood sugar levels.
3) Management requires aggressive debridement, wound bed preparation, offloading pressure on the affected area, and potentially surgical reconstruction. Patient education aimed at lifestyle changes and self-care is also important.
Venous ulcer
Venous ulcers are caused by venous hypertension due to incompetent valves in the veins of the lower leg. Risk factors include older age, family history, obesity, smoking, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Clinically, venous ulcers present as shallow wounds on the medial ankle that never penetrate deep tissue. Diagnosis involves assessing signs of venous insufficiency and duplex ultrasound to identify refluxing veins. Treatment focuses on compression therapy to reduce venous pressure along with wound care, pharmacotherapy, and sometimes surgical ablation of refluxing superficial veins to prevent recurrence. Prognosis is good for wound healing but recurrence rates remain high without continued compression.
Diabetic foot
Diabetic foot is caused by the interaction of neuropathy, abnormal foot biomechanics, and peripheral arterial disease impairing wound healing. This leads to foot ulcers and infections, which are graded from 0 to 5 based on severity. Management involves glycemic control, footwear modification, wound care, and antibiotics or surgery depending on grade. Preventing and treating diabetic foot complications reduces lower extremity amputations.
Complications of fractures
The document discusses various pathologies that can occur with fractures beyond just the bone break itself. It classifies complications as immediate, early, or late and discusses specific issues like hypovolamic shock, fat embolism, deep vein thrombosis, crush syndrome, compartment syndrome, and delayed or non-union. Treatment options are provided for many of these complications aiming to address the underlying causes and minimize long-term disabilities. Early diagnosis and aggressive management of fractures and their associated issues is emphasized.
Paronychia
This document discusses different conditions affecting the nails including paronychia, acute paronychia, chronic paronychia, and subungual hematoma. It describes the anatomy of the nail including the nail plate, matrix, lunula, cuticle, and nail bed. Acute paronychia is usually caused by minor nail injuries allowing bacterial infection, while chronic paronychia is often due to Candida infection. Treatment involves draining pus or blood and using antibiotics or antifungals. Subungual hematoma causes intense pain due to blood collecting under the nail requiring drainage through cautery or needle.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease worldwide, typically affecting older individuals over 70 years of age. It results from mechanical and biochemical insults that exceed the joint's ability to repair itself. The disease causes the breakdown of cartilage in joints like the hips, knees, spine, hands and feet. Key pathological features include the loss of articular cartilage and sclerosis of underlying bone. Risk factors include age, genetics, obesity, previous injury and occupational factors. Symptoms include pain, stiffness and reduced mobility. Management involves symptomatic therapies like exercise, weight loss and braces as well as surgical options like joint replacement for severe cases.
Clubbing
Clubbing, also known as Hippocratic fingers, is a thickening of tissues at the base of fingernails and toenails such that the normal angle between the nail and digit is filled in. It is caused by increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which induces vascular changes and tissue proliferation in the nails. Common causes include lung diseases like bronchitis and cancer, as well as non-lung conditions such as liver cirrhosis. Clubbing can range from nail bed fluctuation to severe bony changes and is classified in grades based on physical appearance.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia. It is usually caused by bacteria entering through breaks in the skin or surgery. Clinically, it presents with severe pain and swelling spreading beyond the site of infection. Treatment requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue to remove the infected areas. Despite treatment, complications can be severe and mortality remains high if not recognized and treated promptly.
Diabetic foot
1) 5-15% of diabetics develop foot ulcers, and 70% of healed ulcers recur within 5 years. 85% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations occur due to diabetic foot ulcers.
2) The main causes of diabetic foot ulcers are neuropathy, arterial disease, and an abnormal wound healing response. Neuropathy causes loss of sensation while arterial disease increases risk of atherosclerosis.
3) Management of diabetic feet focuses on prevention through patient education, regular examination and protective footwear. Treatment involves aggressive wound care, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery or amputation in severe cases.
Gouty arthritis
This document discusses four types of arthritis: gouty arthritis, alkaptonuric arthritis, haemophilic arthritis, and moderating the discussion. It provides details on the definition, etiology, clinical features, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of each type of arthritis. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of urate crystals in the joints. Haemophilic arthritis results from bleeding into joints in those with haemophilia. Alkaptonuric arthritis is caused by a genetic defect affecting phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Presented by Dr Aparna Chapra ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, Panchakarma Sdmcah Hassan
Septic Arthritis
Student Seminar Presentation under supervision of orthopedic specialist. Reference as mentioned in the slides.
Venous ulcer:A pedal misery!
Venous ulcer is one of the commonest complication of varicose veins. It may also occur in a condition called post phlebitic limb which is a sequelae to acute deep vein thronbosis. Hurry in surgical treatment of this condition before the ulcer heals could lead to a failure. Good conservative treatment for healing of the ulcer followed by surgical intervention gives the best results.
Venous ulceers
Venous ulcers account for nearly 80% of lower extremity ulcers and are caused by venous hypertension and reflux which damages the veins and capillaries. Risk factors include advancing age, family history, prolonged standing, obesity, smoking, and prior venous thrombosis. Conservative management involves compression therapy, elevation, exercise, and dressings. For severe or non-healing ulcers, surgical options like vein stripping or valvuloplasty may be used to correct venous reflux and lower pressure. Skin grafting can then promote wound closure.
Diabetic foot
This document discusses the pathophysiology and management of diabetic foot. It covers the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, pathogenesis involving neuropathy, infection, ischemia, and biomechanics. It also describes the clinical evaluation including history focusing on previous foot problems and risk factors, and physical examination assessing neuropathy, infection, and ischemia. Thorough examination of the foot and wound is important to guide appropriate management.
Chronic osteomyelitis
This document provides an overview of chronic osteomyelitis, including its definition, causative organisms, predisposing factors, pathology, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Chronic osteomyelitis is a persistent bone infection that is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and often follows acute osteomyelitis or open fractures. It is characterized by infected dead bone surrounded by inflamed soft tissue. Treatment involves surgical debridement combined with long-term antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Complications can include exacerbations, growth abnormalities, fractures, and in rare cases, malignant transformation of the infected site.
Gangrene
Gangrene is the death of body tissue due to lack of blood supply and oxygenation. There are two main types - dry gangrene caused by arterial blockages, and wet gangrene caused by both arterial and venous blockages along with infection and putrefaction. Gangrene has many potential causes including diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, trauma, frostbite, and infection. Treatment depends on the type and cause but may include antibiotics, debridement, amputation, or in some cases limb salvaging procedures to restore blood flow.
DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
This document discusses diabetic foot ulcers. It defines a diabetic foot ulcer and lists risk factors such as neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. It describes the etiology involving neuropathy, angiopathy, and infection. Clinical presentation includes examination of the ulcer, skin, pulses, and neurological assessment. Classification systems like Wagner's are mentioned. Workup involves biochemical testing, imaging, and assessment of vascular and neurological function. Management discusses wound care, offloading pressure, infection treatment, and surgical interventions.
Surgical complications of diabetes mellitus
This document discusses surgical complications of diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes and describes its two main types. It outlines risk factors and common symptoms. Surgical complications are then examined, including microvascular issues like retinopathy and nephropathy, and macrovascular problems involving blood vessels. Specific conditions seen more often in diabetics are also reviewed, such as diabetic foot, carbuncles, necrotizing fasciitis, and gangrene. The document emphasizes the importance of prevention and wound management to avoid limb loss.
Osteoarthritis slideshare
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knee, hip, and hand. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy. For advanced disease, options include joint injections, bracing, and surgery like arthroscopy, joint replacement, or fusion.
More Related Content
What's hot
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a joint infection caused by bacteria or other microbes entering the joint space. It leads to inflammation of the synovial membrane and purulent effusion. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth and limited movement of the infected joint. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis showing purulence and leukocytosis, along with supportive blood tests. Treatment is with antibiotics and surgical drainage may be needed. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint deformity, and secondary osteoarthritis.
The diabetic foot - Derek Park
This document discusses the diabetic foot, including causes, risk factors, examination, classification, and treatment of common problems. Diabetic foot ulcers and infections are very common and expensive to treat. Treatment depends on the depth and severity of the ulcer/infection as well as the presence of ischemia. For ulcers, total contact casting and appropriate wound care/debridement are used. Surgery may be needed for recurrent or infected ulcers. Managing risk factors like neuropathy and controlling blood sugar/infection are important for prevention and healing.
Trophic ulcers
1) Trophic ulcers occur due to impaired nutrition or damage to an area of the body, often caused by diabetes, vascular disease, or nerve damage.
2) Evaluation of trophic ulcers involves assessing neuropathy, arterial blood flow, and identifying contributing local or systemic factors like high blood sugar levels.
3) Management requires aggressive debridement, wound bed preparation, offloading pressure on the affected area, and potentially surgical reconstruction. Patient education aimed at lifestyle changes and self-care is also important.
Venous ulcer
Venous ulcers are caused by venous hypertension due to incompetent valves in the veins of the lower leg. Risk factors include older age, family history, obesity, smoking, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Clinically, venous ulcers present as shallow wounds on the medial ankle that never penetrate deep tissue. Diagnosis involves assessing signs of venous insufficiency and duplex ultrasound to identify refluxing veins. Treatment focuses on compression therapy to reduce venous pressure along with wound care, pharmacotherapy, and sometimes surgical ablation of refluxing superficial veins to prevent recurrence. Prognosis is good for wound healing but recurrence rates remain high without continued compression.
Diabetic foot
Diabetic foot is caused by the interaction of neuropathy, abnormal foot biomechanics, and peripheral arterial disease impairing wound healing. This leads to foot ulcers and infections, which are graded from 0 to 5 based on severity. Management involves glycemic control, footwear modification, wound care, and antibiotics or surgery depending on grade. Preventing and treating diabetic foot complications reduces lower extremity amputations.
Complications of fractures
The document discusses various pathologies that can occur with fractures beyond just the bone break itself. It classifies complications as immediate, early, or late and discusses specific issues like hypovolamic shock, fat embolism, deep vein thrombosis, crush syndrome, compartment syndrome, and delayed or non-union. Treatment options are provided for many of these complications aiming to address the underlying causes and minimize long-term disabilities. Early diagnosis and aggressive management of fractures and their associated issues is emphasized.
Paronychia
This document discusses different conditions affecting the nails including paronychia, acute paronychia, chronic paronychia, and subungual hematoma. It describes the anatomy of the nail including the nail plate, matrix, lunula, cuticle, and nail bed. Acute paronychia is usually caused by minor nail injuries allowing bacterial infection, while chronic paronychia is often due to Candida infection. Treatment involves draining pus or blood and using antibiotics or antifungals. Subungual hematoma causes intense pain due to blood collecting under the nail requiring drainage through cautery or needle.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease worldwide, typically affecting older individuals over 70 years of age. It results from mechanical and biochemical insults that exceed the joint's ability to repair itself. The disease causes the breakdown of cartilage in joints like the hips, knees, spine, hands and feet. Key pathological features include the loss of articular cartilage and sclerosis of underlying bone. Risk factors include age, genetics, obesity, previous injury and occupational factors. Symptoms include pain, stiffness and reduced mobility. Management involves symptomatic therapies like exercise, weight loss and braces as well as surgical options like joint replacement for severe cases.
Clubbing
Clubbing, also known as Hippocratic fingers, is a thickening of tissues at the base of fingernails and toenails such that the normal angle between the nail and digit is filled in. It is caused by increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which induces vascular changes and tissue proliferation in the nails. Common causes include lung diseases like bronchitis and cancer, as well as non-lung conditions such as liver cirrhosis. Clubbing can range from nail bed fluctuation to severe bony changes and is classified in grades based on physical appearance.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia. It is usually caused by bacteria entering through breaks in the skin or surgery. Clinically, it presents with severe pain and swelling spreading beyond the site of infection. Treatment requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue to remove the infected areas. Despite treatment, complications can be severe and mortality remains high if not recognized and treated promptly.
Diabetic foot
1) 5-15% of diabetics develop foot ulcers, and 70% of healed ulcers recur within 5 years. 85% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations occur due to diabetic foot ulcers.
2) The main causes of diabetic foot ulcers are neuropathy, arterial disease, and an abnormal wound healing response. Neuropathy causes loss of sensation while arterial disease increases risk of atherosclerosis.
3) Management of diabetic feet focuses on prevention through patient education, regular examination and protective footwear. Treatment involves aggressive wound care, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery or amputation in severe cases.
Gouty arthritis
This document discusses four types of arthritis: gouty arthritis, alkaptonuric arthritis, haemophilic arthritis, and moderating the discussion. It provides details on the definition, etiology, clinical features, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of each type of arthritis. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of urate crystals in the joints. Haemophilic arthritis results from bleeding into joints in those with haemophilia. Alkaptonuric arthritis is caused by a genetic defect affecting phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Presented by Dr Aparna Chapra ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, Panchakarma Sdmcah Hassan
Septic Arthritis
Student Seminar Presentation under supervision of orthopedic specialist. Reference as mentioned in the slides.
Venous ulcer:A pedal misery!
Venous ulcer is one of the commonest complication of varicose veins. It may also occur in a condition called post phlebitic limb which is a sequelae to acute deep vein thronbosis. Hurry in surgical treatment of this condition before the ulcer heals could lead to a failure. Good conservative treatment for healing of the ulcer followed by surgical intervention gives the best results.
Venous ulceers
Venous ulcers account for nearly 80% of lower extremity ulcers and are caused by venous hypertension and reflux which damages the veins and capillaries. Risk factors include advancing age, family history, prolonged standing, obesity, smoking, and prior venous thrombosis. Conservative management involves compression therapy, elevation, exercise, and dressings. For severe or non-healing ulcers, surgical options like vein stripping or valvuloplasty may be used to correct venous reflux and lower pressure. Skin grafting can then promote wound closure.
Diabetic foot
This document discusses the pathophysiology and management of diabetic foot. It covers the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, pathogenesis involving neuropathy, infection, ischemia, and biomechanics. It also describes the clinical evaluation including history focusing on previous foot problems and risk factors, and physical examination assessing neuropathy, infection, and ischemia. Thorough examination of the foot and wound is important to guide appropriate management.
Chronic osteomyelitis
This document provides an overview of chronic osteomyelitis, including its definition, causative organisms, predisposing factors, pathology, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Chronic osteomyelitis is a persistent bone infection that is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and often follows acute osteomyelitis or open fractures. It is characterized by infected dead bone surrounded by inflamed soft tissue. Treatment involves surgical debridement combined with long-term antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Complications can include exacerbations, growth abnormalities, fractures, and in rare cases, malignant transformation of the infected site.
Gangrene
Gangrene is the death of body tissue due to lack of blood supply and oxygenation. There are two main types - dry gangrene caused by arterial blockages, and wet gangrene caused by both arterial and venous blockages along with infection and putrefaction. Gangrene has many potential causes including diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, trauma, frostbite, and infection. Treatment depends on the type and cause but may include antibiotics, debridement, amputation, or in some cases limb salvaging procedures to restore blood flow.
DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
This document discusses diabetic foot ulcers. It defines a diabetic foot ulcer and lists risk factors such as neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. It describes the etiology involving neuropathy, angiopathy, and infection. Clinical presentation includes examination of the ulcer, skin, pulses, and neurological assessment. Classification systems like Wagner's are mentioned. Workup involves biochemical testing, imaging, and assessment of vascular and neurological function. Management discusses wound care, offloading pressure, infection treatment, and surgical interventions.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Diabetic foot& Gangrene by Dr.AmrithaAnilkumar
Surgical complications of diabetes mellitus
This document discusses surgical complications of diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes and describes its two main types. It outlines risk factors and common symptoms. Surgical complications are then examined, including microvascular issues like retinopathy and nephropathy, and macrovascular problems involving blood vessels. Specific conditions seen more often in diabetics are also reviewed, such as diabetic foot, carbuncles, necrotizing fasciitis, and gangrene. The document emphasizes the importance of prevention and wound management to avoid limb loss.
Osteoarthritis slideshare
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knee, hip, and hand. Risk factors include age, obesity, previous injury, and genetics. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy. For advanced disease, options include joint injections, bracing, and surgery like arthroscopy, joint replacement, or fusion.
Diabetic foot Wilson N. M.D. MBBS
This document provides an overview of diabetic foot. It begins with an introduction explaining that diabetic foot is the most costly complication of diabetes. It then covers classification and staging of diabetic foot, discussing neuropathic, ischemic, and mixed types. The pathogenesis involves neuropathy, angiopathy, and immune dysfunction from long-term high blood sugar levels. Clinical features depend on the type, and management addresses metabolic, mechanical, vascular, and infection issues. Prevention focuses on patient education and foot care guidelines.
Diabetic foot.pptx
Lecture tutorial notes -Diabetic foot-Kampala International University_Western Campus_Uganda _East Africa.
Diabetic foot
This document provides information on diabetic foot including muscle layers, definition, pathology, ulceration, Charcot neuroarthropathy, examination, management, and amputations. It discusses the following key points:
1) Diabetic foot results from diabetes mellitus and involves several pathologies like neuropathy, angiopathy, and structural changes that can lead to ulceration.
2) Neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy and loss of foot muscle function. Angiopathy causes atherosclerosis and ischemia.
3) Charcot neuroarthropathy is the non-infectious inflammation and destruction of bones and joints in the neuropathic foot.
4) Examination of the diabetic foot
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Treatment focuses on exercises, braces, medications, and surgery if conservative measures fail.
Diabetic foot
Diabetic foot complications are a major cause of lower limb amputations. Factors like neuropathy, vasculopathy and immune dysfunction contribute to foot ulceration and infection in diabetes. Ulcers are classified based on etiology and severity. Management involves metabolic control, wound care, offloading, antibiotics, vascular assessment and revascularization if needed. Long term prevention relies on regular foot screening, education on foot care, appropriate footwear and multidisciplinary team approach.
Orthotic management of diabetes mellitus foot
This document discusses orthotic management for diabetes mellitus patients. It describes the types and causes of diabetes, common foot deformities and complications like diabetic foot ulcers. It explains that diabetic foot ulcers are wounds on the feet that occur in 15% of diabetics and increase the risk of lower extremity amputation. The document outlines various orthotic options for managing diabetic feet, including prescription footwear, total contact casts, removable cast walkers, half shoes, scotchcast boots, compressive wraps, shoe inserts, socks, and surgery in severe cases of infection or non-healing ulcers.
Diabetic foot.pptx
The document provides an overview of diabetic foot, including definitions, classifications, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention guidelines. Key points include: diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes that can lead to foot ulcers and amputation due to nerve damage and poor circulation; it is classified based on etiology as neuropathic, ischemic, or neuro-ischemic and staged based on clinical condition; management involves metabolic control, mechanical offloading, vascular management, infection treatment, and patient education.
Charcot foot
This document provides information on Charcot foot, including:
- A history of Charcot foot first being described in the 1700s and studied in more detail in the 1800s.
- Charcot foot is defined as a non-infective, destructive condition affecting bones and joints caused by neuropathy leading to fractures and joint destruction.
- Risk factors include diabetes, alcoholism, leprosy and other neurological conditions.
- It presents clinically with foot swelling, warmth, pain and loss of function and can be classified into stages based on radiographic findings.
- Management involves offloading with casting or bracing, surgery for deformities, and sometimes amputation for severe cases.
Diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal manifestations
This document discusses musculoskeletal manifestations and preoperative considerations for orthopedic surgeons in patients with diabetes mellitus. It covers how diabetes affects the nervous, vascular, immune and musculoskeletal systems. Common conditions seen in diabetics include limited joint mobility, Dupuytren's contracture, adhesive capsulitis, diabetic foot complications like Charcot neuroarthropathy and ulceration. Evaluation involves assessing neuropathy, vascular status and foot deformities. Management requires careful glycemic control and wound care, with surgical interventions like debridement and joint fusion if needed.
DIABETIC FOOT & STI seminar.pptx
This document defines diabetic foot and soft tissue infections, provides epidemiology and discusses pathophysiology. It defines infection, ulceration or destruction of deep tissues associated with neurological abnormalities and peripheral vascular disease in the lower limb. The pathophysiology involves neuropathy from hyperglycemia, immunopathy from malnutrition/hyperglycemia, and vasculopathy. Neuropathy damages sensation and motor function. Immunopathy and vasculopathy impair wound healing. Together these factors predispose diabetics to foot infections, ulcers and potential amputation.
Osteoarthritis ppt
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage and bone changes. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and confirmed with x-rays showing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on education, exercises, braces, medications, and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and improve function.
trophic ulcer.pptx
Trophic ulcers develop due to impaired wound healing caused by issues like poor circulation, neuropathy or prolonged pressure. They are classified based on their underlying cause such as diabetic ulcers, pressure sores or venous stasis ulcers. Treatment involves identifying the cause, wound debridement, dressing, offloading pressure, and correcting nutritional deficiencies or vascular issues. For non-healing ulcers, surgical reconstruction with flaps may be needed along with patient education on self-care. A multidisciplinary team approach is required for managing trophic ulcers.
Skin Manifestation of Diabetes
This document discusses various skin manifestations that are associated with diabetes mellitus. It categorizes the dermatological lesions into those that are associated with but not specific to diabetes, skin alterations due to diabetic complications, dermatological changes associated with neurovascular complications, and dermatologic complications of diabetes treatment. Common conditions discussed include necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, granuloma annulare, diabetic dermopathy, acanthosis nigricans, infections, and manifestations of diabetic foot complications. Prevention and treatment approaches are provided.
Pattern skelet 3.ppt
This document summarizes various joint diseases categorized into degenerative, inflammatory, and less common types. Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) is described as a wearing down process common in weight-bearing joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory polyarthritis causing bone erosion and cartilage destruction seen symmetrically in small joints. Seronegative arthritides like ankylosing spondylitis predominantly involve the spine causing bony spurs (syndesmophytes) forming a "bamboo spine." Gout is caused by urate crystal deposition usually in the first MTP joint. Pseudogout produces chondrocalcinosis from calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition commonly in the knee.
Diabetes Mellitus and it's orthotic management
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). diabetic ulcer formation in diabetes.
Non specific ulcers
This document provides an overview of various types of non-specific ulcers, including their causes, characteristics, and treatments. It discusses ulcers caused by trauma, arterial issues, venous issues, pressure, infection, tropical conditions, frostbite, hypertension, diabetes, mycobacteria, cancer, and more. For most ulcer types, it outlines key features like location, appearance, complications, investigations needed, and management approaches involving wound care, antibiotics, surgery, or other therapies.
Rheumatoid hands
The document discusses rheumatoid hand, providing information on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, classification criteria and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It explains that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet, causing synovitis, pannus formation and eventual joint destruction if left untreated. Treatment involves general measures, splinting, medications and sometimes surgery to manage symptoms and prevent deformities.
Diabetic foot
The diabetic foot is a serious complication that can lead to amputation. It occurs when neuropathy, poor circulation, and foot trauma combine to cause wounds and infection. The overall prevalence of foot complications among diabetics is around 3%, increasing with age and diabetes duration. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage the diabetic foot, focusing on wound care, infection treatment, improving circulation, metabolic control, pressure relief to promote healing, and patient education to prevent future complications. Regular foot screening and early treatment of wounds or infections can help reduce the risk of amputation among those with diabetes.
Similar to Diabetic foot& Gangrene by Dr.AmrithaAnilkumar (20)
More from Dr. Amritha Anilkumar
Urethritis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
URETHRITIS - inflammation of urethra
CAUSES
Gonococcal urethritis.
Nongonococcal urethritis:
Trichomonal urethritis.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV).
Mycoplasma.
Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Candida.
Trauma
Catheters
Cystoscopes
stones.
Chemical urethritis.
Reiter’s disease: Arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis.
Allergy.
Stricture urethra by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
STRICTURE URETHRA
CLASSIICATION -I
I: Aetiologically.
2. Congenital.
3. Inflammatory:
Post-gonococcal
is most common
Gonococcal stricture occurs one year after infection.
Retention develops only 10–15 years later.
Rupture of urethra by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Rupture of the anterior urethra is usually caused by a fall astride a projecting object. Clinical features include blood in the urethra, a perineal hematoma, and retention of urine. Treatment involves gentle catheterization in the operating room. If catheterization is not possible, open surgical repair of the tear is performed through a perineal incision. Complications can include infection and stricture formation.
Renal calculus by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
RENAL CALCULUS AETIOLOGY
Males- radio-opaque gall stones
Females - Radiolucent gall stones
Diet:Vitamin A deficiency
it causes desquamation of epithelium
which acts as a nidus for stone formation.
Climate:
In hot climate urinary solutes will increase with decrease in colloids,
Paraphimosis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
PARAPHIMOSIS
DEFINITION
Inability to place back (cover) the retracted prepucial skin over the glans is called as paraphimosis.
It causes ring like constriction proximal to the corona and prepuceal skin.
Hypospadias by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
HYPOSPADIAS
DEFINITION
It is the most common congenital malformation of urethra wherein external meatus is situated proximal than normal, over the ventral (under) aspect of the penis.
Hydronephrosis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
HYDRONEPHROSIS (HN)
DEFINITION
It is an aseptic dilatation of pelvicalyceal system due to partial or intermittent obstruction to the outflow of urine.
AETIOLOGY
unilateral
bilateral.
Epispadias by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
EPISPADIAS
Here the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis, proximal to the glans.
COMMON SITES
abdominopenile junction.
It is associated with a dorsal chordee, ectopia vesicae, urinary incontinence, separated pubic bones.
It is uncommon in females.
Beningn prostrate Hypertrophy (BPH) by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
This document discusses benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), including its etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that occurs in older men due to an imbalance of hormones. It causes obstruction of the urethra and symptoms like frequent urination, weak urine stream, and retention. Diagnosis involves exams, urine and blood tests, and imaging of the prostate, kidneys, and bladder. Treatment depends on symptoms and complications but may include catheterization, surgery to remove part of the prostate like TURP, or other procedures to relieve blockage.
Bladder tumor by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
BLADDER TUMOURS
They are urothelial tumours.
They are commonly malignant.
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common.
Varicocele by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Varicocele is dilatation and tortuosity of the veins within the scrotum that drain blood from the testicles. It is more common on the left side where the left testicular vein drains directly into the left renal vein. Varicocele can cause increased temperature in the scrotum and impair sperm production. Treatment involves surgical ligation of the affected veins to repair blood flow and potentially improve fertility.
Testicular tumors
TESTICULAR TUMOURS
PREVALANCE
99% of testicular tumours are malignant.
Life time prevalence of getting testicular tumour is 0.2%.
Very common in Scandinavia; least common inAfrica andAsia.
4 times common in whites than blacks.
Orchitis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
ORCHITIS
AETIOLOGY
It is an inflammation of the testis.
It is commonly associated with inflammation ofthe epididymis. Hence, called as epididymo-orchitis.
Orchitis is due to infection through blood, lymphatics or epididymis.
Hydrocele by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
HYDROCELE
DEFINITION
It is the collection of fluid between the two layers of tunica vaginalis of testis.
Epididymitis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
EPIDIDYMITIS,
CAUSES
Inflammation of epididymis is commonly associated with orchitis— epididymo-orchitis.
Nonspecific
viral like mumps.
Bacterial.
Filarial.
Tuberculosis
Perforated peptic ulcer by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER
PERFORATION
DEFINITION
It is the terminology used for perforation of duodenal ulcer or gastric ulcer or stomal ulcer.
Otherwise all clinical features and management are similar.
Perforation is common in duodenal ulcer
Mortality is more in gastric ulcer perforation and perforation in elderly
Gastric ulcer by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
GASTRIC ULCER
AETIOLOGY
It occurs due to imbalance between protective and damaging factors of gastric mucosa.
Atrophic gastritis
duodenogastric bile reflux
gastric stasis
abnormalities in acid and pepsin secretion.
Acid becomes ulcerogenic even to normal gastric mucosa.
Curling ulcer by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
CURLING ULCER
DEFINITION
They are acute ulcers which develop after major burns, presenting as pain in epigastric region, vomiting or haematemesis.
Curling’s ulcer occurs when burn injury is more than 35%.
It is observed in the body and fundus not in antrum and duodenum
Congenital (infantile) hypertrophic pyloric stenosis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
CONGENITAL (INFANTILE) HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
DEFINITION
It is hypertrophy of musculature of pyloric antrum, especially the circular muscle fibres, causing primary failure of pylorus to relax.
Duodenum is normal.
Carcinoma stomach by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
CARCINOMA STOMACH
INCIDENCE
‘It is the captain of men of death’.
It is more common in Japan—70 per 1,00,000 population.
It is more common in males 2:1.
Decrease incidence in western world
More from Dr. Amritha Anilkumar (20)
Beningn prostrate Hypertrophy (BPH) by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Beningn prostrate Hypertrophy (BPH) by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Congenital (infantile) hypertrophic pyloric stenosis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Congenital (infantile) hypertrophic pyloric stenosis by Dr.K.AmrithaAnilkumar
Recently uploaded
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
District Residency Programme (DRP) for PGs in India.pptx
District Residency Programme (DRP) for PG in India
Nutritional deficiency disorder in Child
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
biomechanics of running. Dr.dhwani.pptx
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Brief description worm infestation/Helminthiasis for Basic B.Sc Nursing students
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology as applied to Public Health
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
KENT'S REPERTORY by dr niranjan mohanty.pptx
its a presentation on Dr kents Repertory by Dr niranjan Mohanty
Recently uploaded (20)
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
District Residency Programme (DRP) for PGs in India.pptx
District Residency Programme (DRP) for PGs in India.pptx
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
Helminthiasis or Worm infestation in Children for Nursing students
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Diabetic foot& Gangrene by Dr.AmrithaAnilkumar
- 1. en love da Homoeopathy DIABETIC FOOT & GANGRENE
- 3. DIABETICFOOT AND GANGRENE Definition • Foot is a complex structure with manylayersof muscles, ligaments, joints, arches, fat, thickplantar fascia, vascular arches, neurological system whichmaintains weight bearing, gravity, normal walk, stabilityand gait (swing and stance phases).
- 4. CAUSES • Callosities • ulceration™ • Abscess • cellulitis • Osteomyelitis • Diabetic gangrene ™ • Arthritis of the joints
- 5. CLASSIFICATION Grade 0: Foot symptoms likepain, only ™ Grade 1: Superficial ulcers ™ Grade 2: Deep ulcers ™ Grade 3: Ulcer with bone involvement ™ Grade 4: Forefoot gangrene ™ Grade 5: Full foot gangrene
- 6. FEATURES 1. Diabetic micro- angiopathy • causes blockade of microcirculation leading to hypoxia. 2. Diabeticneuropathy: • Due to sensory neuropathy, minor injuries are not noticedand so infectionoccurs.
- 7. 3. Line of demarcationis vague . 4. Dry, shriveled, mummified Oedmatous, putrified, discoloured Separation is by asepticulceration CAUSES • Atherosclerosis • TAO • Emboli • trauma • Neuropathy • Dysfunction of muscles • arches of foot and joints occurs.
- 8. PATHOGENESIS • Diabeticatherosclerosis - reduces the blood supply and causes gangrene. • Blockage occurs at plantar, tibial, and dorsalis pedis vessels. • At tissue level there will be increasedglycosylated tissue proteins that aggravates hypoxia. CLINICALFEATURES • Painin the foot. • Ulceration. • Absence of sensation. • Absence of pulsations in the foot (Posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries). • Loss of joint movements. • Abscessformation • septicaemiaor myocardial infarction.
- 9. INVESTIGATION • Blood sugar, • urine ketone bodies. • Blood urea and serum creatinine. • X- ray - osteomyelitis. • Pus for culture and sensitivity..
- 10. TREATMENT • Foot can be saved only if there is good blood supply. • Amputations of the gangrenous area. • Level of amputationto be decidedby skinchanges , temperature changes & Doppler study • Footwears must be used (Microcellular rubber). • Feet has to be kept clean and dry, especially the toes and clefts • Hyperkeratosis has to be avoided REFERENCE 1. SRB's Manual of Surgery by SriramBhat M 2. A Manual on Clinical Surgeryby Das 3. A Concise textbookof Surgeryby Das
- 11. A Special Thanks To A Very Special Doctor