This document discusses service meshes and introduces Istio as a solution. It provides an overview of Istio's architecture, including the control plane components Pilot and Mixer and the data plane Envoy proxy. It also describes some of Istio's key features like traffic management, intelligent routing, and a simple demo using the Bookinfo application. The presentation aims to educate about service meshes and how Istio addresses challenges of microservices through an extensible and configurable infrastructure layer.

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Solutions Architect, Indonesia, Red Hat
Okky Hendriansyah Tri Firgantoro
Service Mesh with Istio

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Agenda
• Background
• Architecture
• Features
• Simple Demo
• Q & A

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Monolithic Application
BigMonolithicApp

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Microservices Application

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Microservices Application

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Microservices Application

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Microservices Application =~ Distributed Computing

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Fallacies of Distributed Computing
1. The network is reliable
2. Latency is zero
3. Bandwidth is infinite
4. The network is secure
5. Topology doesn’t change
6. There is one administrator
7. Transport cost is zero
8. The network is homogeneous
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_distributed_computing

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What happens if a microservice failed?

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What happens if a microservice failed?

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The Solution?

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Why Not Traditional Enterprise Service Bus?
source: https://www.ains.com/enterprise-service-bus-esb/

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The Solution?
• A service mesh platform originally
developed by Google, IBM, and Lyft on
May 2017
• Built using battle-tested Envoy Proxy
from Lyft
• Just turned v1.0 this August 2018!
• Deploys on Kubernetes and Consul-
based deployment

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What is a Service Mesh?
A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer for handling service-to-service
communication. It’s responsible for the reliable delivery of requests through the
complex topology of services that comprise a modern, cloud native application. In
practice, the service mesh is typically implemented as an array of lightweight network
proxies that are deployed alongside application code, without the application
needing to be aware.
source: https://blog.buoyant.io/2017/04/25/whats-a-service-mesh-and-why-do-i-need-one/

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What is a Service Mesh?
A configurable infrastructure layer for a microservices application. It makes
communication between service instances flexible, reliable, and fast. The mesh
provides service discovery, load balancing, encryption, authentication and
authorization, support for the circuit breaker pattern, and other capabilities.
source: https://www.nginx.com/blog/what-is-a-service-mesh/

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Istio Approach of Service Mesh
• Deploys EnvoyProxy as the default
Istio Proxy as a sidecar container for
each service deployed
• The Istio Proxy sidecars are injected
(automatically or manually)
• No more single point of failure,
since the proxies are distributed
and have cache mechanism
• Istio Proxy obtain rules and
configuration from Istio Pilot

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Why Istio Choose EnvoyProxy?
• Originally developed by Lyft
• High performance distributed C++
based proxy
• Understands HTTP, HTTP/2, Kafka,
TCP, gRPC, etc.
• Robust API
• Open source and donated to CNCF

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Istio Architecture
● Control Plane
○ Pilot
○ Mixer
○ Citadel
● Data Plane
○ Proxy
● Gateway
○ Ingress
○ Egress
● Addons
○ Prometheus
○ Jaeger
○ ServiceGraph
○ Grafana
source: https://istio.io

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Pilot & Proxy Relationship
● Pilot is responsible for
the lifecycle of Proxy
● Rules are defined in the
Pilot
● Pilot hides the platform
complexity from Proxy
● Service discovery and
rules are pushed and
cached from Pilot to
Proxy
source: https://istio.io

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Mixer & Proxy Relationship
● Mixer provides policy
control
● Mixer collects
telemetry
source: https://istio.io

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Mixer & Proxy Relationship
● Proxy calls Mixer to
check policy before
each request
● Proxy calls Mixer to
report telemetry after
each request
● Proxy and Mixer cached
information to reduce
latency
source: https://istio.io

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Traffic Management: Intelligent Routing
Content-based Routing

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Traffic Management: Traffic Shifting
Canary Deployment, Blue/Green Deployment, Weight-based Routing

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Traffic Management: Ingress & Egress Traffic
Ingress, Service-to-Service, and Egress
By default, outgoing connection outside cluster is denied

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Traffic Management: Split Traffic Between Versions
Proxy will forward to specific
version based on routing rules

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Other Features (not covered)
• Fault Injection
• Circuit Breaker
• Delays/Timeout
• Retries
• Security (encryption)
• Policy (rate limit, whitelist, blacklist, denial)
• Telemetry
• etc.

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Simple Demo: Bookinfo

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Simple Demo: Bookinfo

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Alone We are smart, together We are brilliant
THANK YOU !
Quote by Steve Anderson