The document discusses various types of interior wall assemblies, including: - Metal stud framing systems for partition walls, suspended ceilings, and shaft walls. - Different types of gypsum wallboard such as regular, fire-rated, moisture-resistant, soundproofing, and lead-lined varieties. - Tile backing panels including waterproof cement boards and water-resistant gypsum panels. - Details such as control joints, sound insulation, vapor barriers and different levels of finishing drywall.

1. Interior Wall Assemblies p r e s e n t a t i o n D E T A I L I N G S E M I N A R

2. OUTLINE Types of … Studs Gypsum Board Walls Detailing Objectives Resources Spec Sections Suppliers & Associations Codes & Standards Imperial Library (WIP)

3. Types of … STUDS Section 09 22 16 : Non-Structural Metal Framing Interior framing systems Partition Walls, Furred Walls, Framed Soffits, Etc. Approximately 60% of metal studs used in the U.S Interior suspension systems Supports for ceilings, Suspended Soffits, Etc. Section 09 21 16 . 23 : Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies Enclosures : Shaft-wall, Chase, Stair, Horizontal Section 05 40 00 : Cold-Formed Metal Framing Exterior load-bearing wall framing. Interior load-bearing wall framing. Exterior non-load-bearing wall framing. Framing : Floor joist + Roof + Roof rafter + Ceiling joist

4. Interior Framing Systems Partition Walls “ C” studs 1-5/8”, 2-1/2”, 3-5/8”, 4”, 6” Top & Bottom Tracks (Slip-Type) Single or Double-runners Shaft Walls C-H Furring Channels Cold Rolled Channels : 1/2”x 3/4” Steel Studs : 1-5/8”, 2-1/2”, 3-5/8” Hat-shaped (Rigid) : 7/8”, 1-1/2” Resilient Furring Channels : 1/2” Z-Shaped Channels : 1”, 1-1/2”, 2”, 2-1/2”, 3” Miscellaneous Blocking : Flat strap & Backing Plate Bridging Isolation Strips : Felt or Foam Gasket

5. Interior Framing Systems : Tracks

6. Interior Framing Systems : Channels

7. Interior Framing Systems : Blocking

8. Interior Framing Systems : Blocking

9. Interior Framing Systems : Shafts

10. Height & Gauge & Spacing Lower the gauge = the heavier and thicker the stud 20 gauge studs are thicker than 25 gauge studs … 25 gauge is the lightest or thinnest material available. Steel Studs and Runners: ASTM C 645 Minimum Base Metal Thickness: 25 gauge Where partition height requires heavier section, to accommodate span within L:240 deflection at load of 5 PSF, use heavier stud. Select 16” or 24” to fill in the blank for each project. Specify spacing as inches o.c. typical unless noted otherwise.. Example 3-5/8” Metal Stud Spacing and Gauge Table: Maximum Height Gauge Spacing: 17’-11” 20 Gauge @ 16” O.C. 15’-4” 25 Gauge @ 16” O.C. 15’-7” 20 Gauge @ 24” O.C. 13’-6” 25 Gauge @ 24” O.C. Notes: a. Over 17’-11” long, use structural studs or drywall studs with depths over 3’-5/8”. b. At jamb openings provide (2) 20 gauge studs, minimum. c. At cement backer board, provide 20 gauge studs, minimum. d. For walls scheduled for ceramic tile: Utilize L/360 deflection at load of 5 PSF. e. For lead-lined drywall, provide 20 gauge minimum with a maximum spacing of 16” on center. Submit engineering calculations for stud gage and spacing with shop drawing submittals for all lead-lined drywall applications.

11. Types of … GYPSUM BOARD Section 092900 : Gypsum Board Interior Gypsum Board Tile Backing Panels Exterior Gypsum Board Section 092116.23 : Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies Section 092300 : Gypsum Plastering Section 092400 : Portland Cement Plastering Section 092613 : Gypsum Veneer Plastering Section 092713 : Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plaster Fabrications

12. Types of … GYPSUM BOARD Interior Gypsum Board Regular Type : 1/4”, 3/8” & 1/2” Type X : 5/8” Special Type X (C) : 1/2” & 5/8” Flexible Type : 1/4” Ceiling Type : 1/2” Foil-Backed Type : 3/8”, 1/2” & 5/8” Abuse/Impact Resistant Type : 1/2” & 5/8” Moisture-and Mold-Resistant : 5/8” Others? Lead-lined DensGlass Gold : accelerated schedule Tile Backing Panels Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Bd : 1/2” & 5/8” Glass Mat, Water-Resistant Backing Bd : 1/2” & 5/8” Cementitious Backer Units : 1/2” Exterior Gypsum Board Ceilings & soffits

13. Interior Gypsum Board A. Type X , 5/8 inch thick. B. Type C Thickness: As required by fire-resistance-rated assembly indicated on Drawings. Type C is a gypsum board enhanced with glass fibers and other ingredients for premium fire protection. The board has a naturally non-combustible gypsum core and paper facings. Because of its strengthened, fire-resistant core, Type C can remain intact for a prolonged period during a fire, preventing further spread of flames and smoke. Type C is suitable for interior applications only, and should not be used in areas of extreme humidity. Likewise, the board should be protected from exposure to adverse conditions during storage and construction. Type C meets all the requirements of Type X Type X does not meet all of the requirements of Type C. C. Flexible Type : Manufactured to bend to fit radii and to be more flexible than standard regular-type gypsum board of same thickness, Type X, 1/4 inch thick. D. Ceiling Type : Manufactured to have more sag resistance than regular-type gypsum board, Type X, 5/8 inch thick. (Provide moisture-resistant type at wet areas.) E. Foil-Backed Type , 5/8 inch thick, Type X.

14. Interior Gypsum Board F. Abuse-Resistant Type : Manufactured with fiberglass mat in lieu of paper to produce greater resistance to damage such as scuffs, scratches, dents, and abrasion, Type X gypsum board. G. High-Impact Type : Same as Abuse-Resistant Type except with a core embedded layer of impact resistant mesh for greater resistance to through-penetration (impact resistance), Type X gypsum board. H. Specialty Multi-attribute Board : Fireproof, Waterproof, High Impact, and Non-nutrient to mold. Manufactured from magnesium oxide mineral components. Dragonboard or approved equal. I. Moisture & Mold Resistant Gypsum Wallboard Type X, 5/8 inch thick, for use at Interior Face of Exterior Walls or wherever moisture resistant Gypsum Wallboard is noted. Georgia Pacific, DensArmor Plus: A. The inside surface of exterior walls presents growth opportunities for mold, due to lack of air circulation and temperature differential from outside to inside of the wall. Mold-resistant gypsum board such as DensArmor Plus has been tested in accordance with ASTM 3273, and scored a 10, the highest level of performance for mold resistance. The test indicates no mold growth in a 4-week controlled laboratory test. The product incorporates a moisture resistant core and glass mats on the surfaces of the drywall panel instead of paper facings, which denies mold the food source it needs to grow. The product comes with a three-month in-place exposure warranty which means that it can be hung before installing doors and windows. B. DensArmor Plus(R) moisture- and mold-resistant paperless interior drywall are the first and only gypsum drywall products to be GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified(R). This certification, recognizes indoor products that have low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To be GREENGUARD Certified means that these products will be regularly tested to ensure that chemical and particle emissions meet the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute's emission standards.

15. Interior Gypsum Board Lead Backed Gypsum Board, 5/8 inch thick, Type X Lead Thickness: As specified by the radiation physicist report. Note: 7’0” is minimum lead height per national standard UNO Lead Sheet: In compliance with Federal Specification QQ-L-201f Grade C, 99.9% pure. Lead-lined Particle Board, 3/4 inch thick. Laminated under pressure to unfinished particle board. Used primarily where lead shielding is over ¼” thick Weight too difficult not to damage in transportation and installation Lead-lined Particle Board becomes a substrate for standard Type X gypsum board finish.

16. Tile Backing Panels Waterproof cementitious boards : Essentially concrete in thin sheets with a fiberglass mesh embedded just below each surface USG Durock. Type X, 1/2” thick or approved equal. Water-resistant backer boards gypsum core with a proprietary silicone treated chemical process a substitution of fiberglass matting for the paper a heat-cured, co-polymer vapor-retardant coating on the finished side. Georgia-Pacific DensShield, Type X, 5/8” thick or approved equal. Comparison Durock DensShield Heavier, more difficult to install Lighter, easier to install Mold-resistant Mold-resistant Water-proof Water-resistant No integral vapor-retardant coating Integral vapor-retardant coating Long track record Relatively new to the market 30% of market share 9% of market share

17. Types of … WALLS Bearing Load Bearing : LB Non-load Bearing : NLB Free-Standing Partition Walls Chase Wall Assemblies Furred Walls Fire-Resistance-Rated Assemblies Rated vs. Non-rated Smoke-Resistant

18. Types of … WALLS

19. Most popular wall type? S3A-S11 Acoustical isolation 1-hour fire rated or non-rated UL V438 Joint Tape and Compound: Vinyl or casein, dry or premixed joint compound applied in two coats to joints and screw heads of outer layers. It is commonplace for the DHS building inspector to look above the ceiling at fire rated partitions to verify that joint compound has been applied to the screw heads. If not, the contractor has to go back and complete this work.

20. Shaft Wall Assemblies

21. Shaft Wall Assemblies

22. Shaft Wall Assemblies - Horizontal

23. Shaft Walls : Questions Q1 : What is the minimum radius possible of a curved shaft wall system? Q2 : In a horizontal shaft wall ceiling system, what will be necessary to coordinate with your electrical engineer? Q3 : Is it necessary to tape the joints in the 1” liner panel? Q4 : What depth of C-H studs are available? Q5 : Can C-H studs be placed 16” O.C.? Q6 : As a rule of thumb, what is the maximum unbraced height of a 2-hour shaft wall system? A1 : Fifty Feet. A2 : Surface-mounted light fixtures. A3 : No, the whole idea is to install the system working from outside of the shaft. A4 : 2-1/2”, 4” & 6”. A5 : No, because 1” liner panels are made to fit between C-H studs at 24 inches O.C. and that spacing is what the rated assemblies are tested at. A6 : 19’-2” using 6” deep C-H studs and 23’-0” using 6” double-E studs.

24. Detailing Objectives DOB-1 : FIRE DOB-2 : EARTH DOB-3 : WATER DOB-4 : AIR DOB-5 : COST DOB-6 : TIME DOB-7 : SCOPE FIRE WATER AIR EARTH dry hot wet cold ELEMENTS TIME COST SCOPE

25. Detailing Objectives DOB-1 : Fire (Thermal) Conduction Thermal Insulation DOB-2 : Earth (Solid) Movement – Elements Control Joints Loads Dead/Live Loads DOB-3 : Water (Liquids) Sealant, Joints & Gaskets DOB-4 : Air (Vapor) Acoustics Sound Absorbing Surfaces DOB-5 : Cost Material Costs DOB-6 : Time Installation Clearances DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics Coordination : S + MEP Forgiving Details : Health & Safety

26. DOB-1+4 : Thermal + Vapor Conduction Thermal Insulation Water Vapor Vapor Ventilation

27. DOB-2 : Earth (Solid) Movement – Elements : Control Joints Loads : Dead/Live Loads Vibration

28. Movement : Control Joints Purpose: Control joints are required in gypsum board partitions and ceilings to prevent cracking caused by stresses induced by movement caused by: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature. Isolation joints are required between flexing structural members and non-structural gypsum board assemblies. Spacing: Control joints should be employed in long expanses of partitions at 30-foot intervals, from floor to ceiling. Control joints are recommended at doorjambs, extending from door head to ceiling. Control joints are required in interior gypsum board ceilings to limit dimensions in either direction to 50 feet, and where ceiling framing changes direction. Control joints are required in exterior gypsum board soffits to limit dimensions in either direction to 30 feet, and where ceiling framing changes direction. Installation: Include breaking the gypsum board behind the control joint. Separate framing members should be used on each side of the control joint. Install a control joint where ever dissimilar construction meets. Install a control joint to separate the wings of “L”, and “T” shaped ceiling areas. Reference Standards: Control joints are specified by two reference standards ASTM C 840, The Standard Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board GA-216, the Gypsum Association Recommended Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board. Inspite of these specified reference standards, it is not unusual for the contractor to miss them and control joints having to be cut-in after the fact. To avoid this, control joints are a good topic of discussion at a contactor meeting during the rough-in stage so that Architect’s expectations are reiterated prior to installation.

29. Movement : Control Joints

30. Loads : Dead & Live Loads

31. Loads : Dead & Live Loads

32. DOB-4 : Air (Vapor) Acoustics Sound Absorbing Surfaces Acoustic Panels : MRI – 60% of wall surface

33. Acoustics

34. Acoustics

35. Acoustics Case Study

36. DOB-5 : Cost Material Costs Value Engineering : reduce wall heights $$$ $$ $

37. DOB-5 : Cost Material Costs Curved Walls : Material vs. Labor Costs

38. DOB-5 : Cost Life-Cycle : LEED

39. Submittals : GREEN GUIDE SUBMITTALS: Product data. Unless otherwise indicated, submit the following for each type of product provided under work of this Section: Recycled Content : Indicate recycled content; indicate percentage of pre-consumer, post-consumer, and post-industrial recycled content by weight for products specified recycled content. Include statement indicating costs for each product having recycled content. Local/Regional Materials : Indicate location of manufacturing facility; indicate distance between manufacturing facility and the project site. Indicate location of extraction, harvesting, and recovery; indicate distance between extraction, harvesting, and recovery and the project site. VOC data : Submit manufacturer’s product data for joint compounds. Indicate VOC limits of the product. Submit MSDS highlighting VOC limits. Submit environmental data in accordance with Table 1 of ASTM E2129 for products provided under work of this Section.

40. DOB-6 : Time Installation Clearances Construction Sequencing

41. DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Reveals Forgiving Details : Dimensional Tolerances Coordination : S + MEP Health & Safety Fire-Safe Materials Fire-Resistant Assemblies Nontoxic Materials

42. Aesthetics : GB Finish Levels Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

43. Aesthetics : GB Finish Levels Finish panels to levels indicated below, according to ASTM C 840, for locations indicated: Level 1 : Embed tape at joints in ceiling plenum areas, concealed areas, and where indicated, unless a higher level of finish is required for fire-resistance-rated assemblies and sound-rated assemblies. Level 2 : Embed tape and apply separate first coat of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges where panels are substrate for tile and where indicated. Level 4 : Embed tape and apply separate first, fill, and finish coats of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges at panel surfaces that will be exposed to view, unless otherwise indicated. Level 5 : Embed tape and apply separate first, fill, and finish coats of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges, and apply skim coat of joint compound over entire surface at the following locations (except where surfaces are to be finished with wall covering): a. Exposed ceiling, soffit, or wall areas abutting window mullions, skylights, or receiving direct indoor lighting. b. Wall-board scheduled to be finished with semi-gloss, gloss, epoxy paint, or high build glazed coating. c. Fiberglass coated glass mat, both faces. d. Long hallways or corridors. e. Atriums, Lobbies, Auditoriums and similar large spaces.

44. DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Gypsum Board Finish Levels Critical (Severe) Lighting Areas Wall and ceiling areas … abutting window mullion or skylights long hallways atriums large surface areas flooded with artificial and/or natural lighting Solution ? skim coating the gypsum board surfaces decorating the surface with medium to heavy textures use of draperies and blinds which often shadows Paint : gloss, semi-gloss, and enamel finishes highlight surface defects

45. DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Reveals

46. Forgiving Details : Dim Tolerances

47. DOB-7 : Scope Coordination : S + MEP SECTION 092900 – GYP BD 3.8 Partition Identification Identify partitions indicated on Drawings as having a required fire or smoke rating. Location: 10-ft. on center, both sides of partition, above ceiling line. Above access panels in hard ceiling. Stenciled Lettering 2” high. Colors and Symbols: Current DHFS standards, legend from Architect.

48. DOB-7 : Scope Coordination : S + MEP

49. DOB-7 : Scope

50. DOB-7 : Scope NFPA

51. DOB-7 : Scope Health & Safety : Fire-Safe Materials

52. DOB-7 : Scope Health & Safety : Fire-Safe Materials Healthcare (HC) occupancies: Big distinction between Smoke-Tight partitions vs. Smoke Barrier walls: Smoke-Tight partitions : Corridor partitions = fully sprinkled building Corridor walls in a healthcare occupancy that is not fully sprinkled need to be 1-hour rated. Smoke Barrier partitions : Used as a separation between smoke zones Smoke barrier partitions are required to be 1-hour rated.. Healthcare occupancies have a “defend in place philosophy”. The idea is that when a patient is undergoing a medical procedure and the fire alarm goes off, immediately stopping the procedure and taking the patient out the building is not always in the patient’s best interest. A better alternative may be to transport the patient to a safe smoke zone with facilities to complete the medical procedure, before taking the patient out of the building.

53. DOB-7 : Scope Design No. V449 Non-Bearing Wall Rating - 2hr. (3) Layers GB Stud (1) Layer of GB

54. Fire-Safe Resistant Assemblies DOB-7 : Scope

55. Resources : Spec Sections Section 054000 - Cold Formed Metal Framing Section 092216 - Non-Structural Metal Framing Section 092900 - Gypsum Board Section 092116.23 - Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies

56. Resources : Imperial Library - WIP Imperial Library - WIP Wall Priority Diagram Top of wall details: To clg, beam, slab, mtl deck, duct, joist, etc. Details Lateral bracing & floor/roof deflection. Control Joints Column/beam protection

57. Wall Priority Diagram

58. Resources : L:\ Resource Library

59. Resources : Codes & Standards UL Assemblies : http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/gothernbr.html

60. Resources : Codes & Standards

61. Resources : Codes & Standards

62. Code Question : 2006 IBC Code Question : 2006 International Building Code Per Chapter 7 of the IBC, fire barriers (706) and fire partitions (708) are required to extend (vertically) from the top of the floor/ceiling assembly below to the underside of the floor or roof slab or deck above. The horizontal continuity requirements of these rated assemblies and how they intersect exterior walls are not as explicit as the vertical continuity requirements. Question : In the case where a rated separation (fire barriers or fire partitions) terminates at a non-rated, noncombustible exterior wall and the supporting floor is also non-rated and noncombustible, where can this rated separation “terminate” in relation to the exterior wall? a. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ interior gypsum board layer ? b. At the exterior face of the exterior walls’ interior gypsum board layer ? c. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ exterior sheathing layer? d. At the exterior face of the exterior walls’ exterior sheathing layer ? e. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ outer-most finish material ?

63. Resources : Suppliers & Associations

64. Conclusion Questions??? Comments??? Concerns??? Suggestions???