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DESHMUKH-Enhancing community resilience-ID1170-IDRC2014_b
The document discusses the importance of optimal capacity building to enhance community resilience and expedite recovery after disasters, focusing particularly on the Haiti earthquake case. It emphasizes the need for an integrative risk management approach that includes various infrastructure systems such as civil, civic, social, educational, financial, and environmental to effectively support recovery efforts. Key strategies proposed include developing decision support systems for capacity assessment and utilizing dynamic modeling to improve resilience through targeted capacity building initiatives.
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DESHMUKH-Enhancing community resilience-ID1170-IDRC2014_b
- 1. Enhancing Community Resilience: Optimal Capacity Building for Expediting Post Disaster Recovery Prof Makarand (Mark) Hastak and Abhijeet Deshmukh, 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Purdue University, USA Presented by Prof Makarand (Mark) Hastak Aug 28th, 2014
- 2. Failure of infrastructureafter disasters and 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org their impact on community recovery 2
- 3. Disasters (2010-2011)-Haiti Earthquake 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Natural Cata3strophe Map 2010-2011 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Haiti
- 4. Haiti Earthquake 5thInternational Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Debris Removal – Haiti Collection/Processing/Disposal ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org seaport Transportation Network Civil -Transportation Networks -Seaport -Landfills Civic - Governance, Policies Social -NGOs working Resources -Equipment needed Delayed Recovery in Port-au-Prince 9 months after the earthquake, 98% debris remained uncleared
- 5. 5th International Disasterand Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Types of Infrastructure Civil Civic Social Environmental Financial Education Utility Systems Emergency Centers Homes Landscape Disaster Funds Training Water, Gas, Electricity Hospitals Religious Centers Wastelands Insurance Programs Transportatio n Systems Police, etc. Community Centers Donors Feedback Mechanism Roads, Bridges, etc. Governance , etc. NGOs
- 6. 5th International Disasterand Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Concept Development Disaster impacted infrastructure: - –Damaged and unable to support recovery effectively –Reduced serviceability levels – Need to identify capacities that will help in reaching expected serviceability level that will improve resilience Resilience (UNISDR):- The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. Building optimal capacities for the six infrastructure systems will allow communities to achieve feasible resilience by expediting recovery.
- 7. Flow of Impact Emergency 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Epidemic ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Emer gency Short Term Long Term Civil Infrastructure Social & Civic Infrastructure Natural Disaster Direct Impact Secondary Impact Crime, etc. Direct Impact Post Disaster Recovery Time (t) Performance Expediting Recovery Types of Impacts Emer gency Short Term Long Term Short-Term Long-Term Different Phases in Community Recovery
- 8. Concept Development LongTerm Recovery Short term Recovery Long Term Recovery 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Emergency Phase ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org ER ST LT 8 Time (t) Serviceability Impact Emergency Phase Short term Recovery Additional Resources Infrastructure Airport Water Supply Waste Water Road Network Communication Electricity Activities Reconstruction Business Education Access to Livelihood Rescue Building Capacity and Expediting Recovery
- 9. Framework of DecisionSupport System Decision Support System 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Social Environmental ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org for Capacity Building 9 Long Term Short Term Emergency Infrastructure Expected Results Data Collection Assessment Inter-relationships Recovery Time Analysis based on Existing Capacity Civil Civic Capacities Capacity Needs Assessment Resilience Versus Capacity Technical Social Economic Loss Assessment Tools Developing Strategies Building Capacity Expediting Recovery Infrastructure | Community | Capacity Site Investigation Financial Educational
- 10. Framework of DecisionSupport System (DSS) for Capacity Building Phase-2: Capacity Assessment Inter-relationship (Phase-specific) Infrastructure | Community | Resources Financial Civic Environmental Output Output Output Identifying Capacity Gap ER ST LT Output Recovery Time 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Determine Damage Infrastructure Civil Educational Social Water Serviceability Hospital Serviceability Time Output Time ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland Development of Strategies (Recovery Planning) Expediting Recovery Building Capacity www.grforum.org INPUT MODULE ANALYSIS MODULE Phase-1: Damage Assessment Phase-3: Severity Assessment Severity of Impact over time Modeling Relationship Emer gency Short-term Long-term • Identify activities specific to each phase • Reduced Infrastructure serviceability, existing capacities of resources Impact over Time Assess Existing Capacities -Infrastructure serviceability -Resources Phase-4: Capacity Needs Assessment • Gap in capacity • Gap in infrastructure serviceability •Estimated Quantities of Recovery Activities •Damage on infrastructure Technical Data Social Data Economic Data Loss Assessment Tools PDNA HAZUS-MH Site Investigation Interview, Survey Infrastructure, capacity, damage, debris generated, etc. No. of survivors, social/economic activities, no. of displaced, NGOs, etc. Business, Livelihood, etc. RESULTS Identification of : Phase wise Capacities Infrastructure Serviceability during recovery period Impact on Communities Natural Disaster Impacts on: Enhancing Resilience Feedback Filling Capacity Gap Improving Serviceability Infrastructure Communities Infrastructure serviceability over time
- 11. Hospital A 0.36MGD Health Care Providers Nursing Home 0.4MGD 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Post Disaster Situation WTP 10MGD School Industry Community 100,000 households Trauma 0.2MGD Hospital 0.14MGD Hospital A 0.19MGD 5.07 MGD 6.7 MGD
- 12. Perspective For OptimalCapacity Building Mitigation Strategies Build Capacity and Enhance Resilience 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org
- 13. Water Demand inpost Disaster Situation Short-term 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 0.22 Gap ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland Pre disaster Water Demand www.grforum.org 0.37 Water (MGD) Gap Private Well Govt NGO WTP t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 Time (days) Emergency 0.19 Water Demand Desired goal of Hospital is to reach pre-disaster levels in a timely manner
- 14. t Developing Strategies Zone of Influence 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Emergency Short Term Long Term Critical Infrastructure Community/Industry Topography Training Disaster Funds Floodplain Programs Insurance Marshlands Lessons Learned Donors Utilities Water, Gas, Ele. Em. Centers Homes Trnspn. Hospitals Rel. Centers Landfills Police, NGOs levees Govt., etc
- 15. 5th International Disasterand Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Developing Strategies • Strategies for building capacities – Cost effective and time effective – Capacities should have more than one purpose – Capacities selected should be able to provide desired level of resilience • Important factors to consider: – Relating Cost associated and probability of occurrence of the event – Are they scalable? – Can the capacities be shared – Multiple decisions made and their impact on overall recovery – Tradeoff between capacity building and enhancing resilience
- 16. t1 t2 t3t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t9 t10 t11 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Developing Strategies • Repeated events would fine tune the process • Satisfying expected water demand in different post disaster situations after successive implementation of strategies • Dynamic modeling and Optimization could be used for:- – assessing impacts and resilience • Simulating different capacity building strategies • Varying disaster events Disaster 2 Time Disaster 3 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t9 t10 t11 Time Disaster 1
- 17. Added value forthe Post 2015 Framework for 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Disaster Risk Reduction • How did your work support the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action: – Emphasizing capacity building of six infrastructure systems, i.e., civil, civic, social, educational, financial and environmental to expedite recovery – Minimize the lack of continuity between the loss assessments, damage assessments and information available from site, the recovery plan and implementation of reconstruction. – Increase the coordination and communication among different actors who are in charge of different stages of the recovery process
- 18. Added value forthe Post 2015 Framework for 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Disaster Risk Reduction • From your perspective what are the main gaps, needs and further steps to be addressed in the Post 2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in – Research: Integration of research results in decision making at all levels. – Education & Training: Development of a multidisciplinary workforce in disaster management and its inclusion in DRR strategy at all levels – Implementation & Practice: Development of a feedback mechanism to make sure that decisions are taken based on past community based DRR experience – Policy: Minimize the lack of continuity between planning and implementation during recovery
- 19. 5th International Disasterand Risk Conference IDRC 2014 ‘Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice‘ • 24-28 August 2014 • Davos • Switzerland www.grforum.org Makarand (Mark) Hastak, PhD, PE, CCP ACE Fellow 2013-14 Professor and Head of Construction Engineering and Management Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University Email: hastak@purdue.edu Abhijeet Deshmukh, PhD Candidate School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University Email: deshmukh@purdue.edu
Editor's Notes
- #3 Roads – Australia Buildings Sichuan Earthquake Broken electric poles – Quebec – 1998 ice storm Bridge - Philippines Hospital without electricity (Haiti) Shelter – Japan earthquake Water- Haiti
- #7 “Building resilience is about making people, communities and systems better prepared to withstand catastrophic events—both natural and manmade—and able to bounce back more quickly and emerge stronger from these shocks and stresses.” – Rockfeller Foundation
- #9 Initially, with the existing capacity and infrastructure services, the impacts are reduced over a period of time which may not be desirable (red line). Once the capacity gap is filled and infrastructure serviceability is improved (green line), the impacts can be reduced within the desired time. Thus, building capacity and improved infrastructure serviceability
- #14 Check
- #19 Research: promote scientific research into risk patterns and trends and the causes and effects of disaster risk in society; to promote and support the availability and application of science to decision-making Education & Training: The upcoming workforce should be capable of understanding issues in a multidimensional aspect (ex: engineers should understand the perspective of a social scientist, etc. )