This document provides information on argumentative and descriptive forms of writing. It defines argumentative writing as using evidence and facts to prove or disprove a thesis, while acknowledging multiple sides of an issue. Descriptive writing uses sensory details to help readers visualize people, places, events, or ideas. The document outlines characteristics, words, and sample paragraphs for each form of writing, and discusses how they are used in academic writing and how they differ from narrative and expository forms.

1. Argumentative and Descriptive Writing
• Presented by:
• Mubeen Akhtar (19011502-004)
• Anzala Noor (19011502-011)
• Dure Batool (19011502-007)

2. What is argumentative writing?
An argumentative writing uses evidence and facts to prove whether
a thesis is true or not.
It presents two sides of a single issue and covers the most
important arguments for and against.

3. Characteristics of an argumentative
writing
Good argumentative writings have following main characteristics
Position is clearly and accurately stated.
Convinces reader claim is true.
Uses evidence__ facts and data to support reasoning.
Acknowledges counterclaims __the other
side of the arguments.
refutes the opposing argument.

4. Words which makes a writing
argumentative writing
• Confidence:-The reader needs to know that you believe in what you say, so be confident.
Avoid hedgy and apologetic language. However be careful not to cross the line confidence
to overconfidence. Arrogance can rebuff your readers, even if they agree with you .
• Neutrality:-While you may advocate for one side or way of thinking, you still must
demonstrate that you are being as objective as you can in your analysis and assessment.
Avoid loaded terms, Buzzwords ,and overly emotional language
• Courtesy :- it is the showing of politeness in ones attitude and behaviour towards others.

5. Use of argumentative writing in
academic writing
Arguments are everywhere
• In fact, making an argument—expressing a point of view on subject and
supporting it with evidence—is often the aim of academic writing.
• An academic argument is your stance, your claim, or your take on your topic.
An academic argument is also based in the research, what we often call
"evidence-based." This means you must support your argument with findings
from sources you read.

6. Sample of argumentative writing
• When we argue:
• Claim Bob: that was a lame movie!
• suzzy: why?
• Evidence Bob: the special effects were bad. The
• monsters were obviously fake.
• Counterclaim suzzy: I thought the movie was
• good because the acting was believable.
• Refutation Bob: Yes, the acting was good but the
• horrible special effects were too distracting and
• cause some awkward moments

7. What is descriptive writing?
• Descriptive writing is the type of writing that describes something
like an object or person, an event, place, an experience or emotion,
or an idea.
• Description tells us what something looks, sounds, smells, taste, or
feels like.

8. Characteristics of a descriptive writing
Good descriptive writing have the following five main characteristics:
• Sensory details,
• Figurative Language,
• Dominant Impression,
• Precise language, and
• Careful organization.

9. Sensory Details
• A Sensory detail invokes the 5 senses to help the reader understand what
the writer is thinking.
• Good descriptive writing includes many vivid sensory details that help the
reader picture the setting.
• They make the description interesting.
• They help the reader feel engaged in the writing.

10. Figurative Language
Good descriptive writing often requires of figurative language to help paint the picture in
the reader’s mind. There are may ways to use figurative language.
• Use of simile ‘like or as’ to compare two unlike things.
 Example: Her smile was like sunshine.
• Use of metaphor to compares two unlike things without using like or as:
 Example: Her smile was a light that lit up the room.
• Personification suggests comparison between a non-living thing and a person by giving
the non-living things human traits.
 Example: My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed every morning.

11. A Dominant Impression
• When you plan a descriptive writing, the focus should be on selecting details that help
your readers see what you see, feel what you feel, and experience what you experience.
• It is also called a controlling idea.
• Your goal is to create a single dominant impression, a central theme or idea to which all
the details relate.
 For example, the liveliness of a street scene or the quiet of a summer night.
• This dominant impression unifies the description and gives readers an overall sense of
what the person, place, object, or scene looks like (and perhaps what it sounds, smells,
tastes, or feel like).

12. Precise Language
• Good descriptive writing uses precise language.
• Precise language uses precise vocabulary and details.
• Avoid unnecessary details.
• Using words and phrases which help the reader “see” what you are describing.
• If a word or phrase is specific, it is exact and precise.

13. Careful Organization
• Good descriptive writing is organized. Some ways to organize descriptive
writing include of chronological (time sequence), spatial (location), and order
importance.

14. Words which makes a writing descriptive
writing
• Concrete
• Evocative
• plausible

15. • concrete: A descriptive writing has to offer specifics the reader can envision. Rather than
“my brother is very intelligent he always stands first in the class" instead the description
should be in this way, “my brother gets more than 90% marks.
• Evocative: A descriptive writing must unite the concrete image with phrasing that evokes
the impression the writer wants the reader to have. Consider “her eyes shone like
sapphires, warming my night" versus "the woman's eyes had a light like sapphires, bright
and hard." Each phrase uses the same concrete image, then employs evocative language
to create different impressions.
• Plausible: The descriptive writer must constrain the concrete, evocative image to suit the
reader's knowledge and attention span. "Her eyes were brighter than the sapphires in the
armrests of the Tipu Sultan's golden throne, yet sharper than the tulwars of his cruellest
executioners" will have the reader checking their phone halfway through. "Her eyes were
sapphires, bright and hard" creates the same effect in a fraction of the reading time. As
always in the craft of writing: when in doubt, write less.

16. Use of descriptive writing in academic writing
• All academic writing, across all disciplines, will include some element of description.
This is true whether you are writing an essay, a report, a dissertation, a critique, a
literature review – there will be things that need to be described. You may, for example,
need to give an account of –
 Findings from current research on a topic.
 A particular problem or issue (e.g. medical, environmental, psychological),
 A particular incident (e.g. historical event, natural disaster, emergency).
 A case study or profile of a particular person or group (e.g. for social work, nursing or
education).

17. Samples of descriptive writing
My Best Friend Essay
Best friend is someone special with whom we can share all our feelings. Everyone has a
best friend. My best friend is Jennie. She reads in class 2 in my school and in my section.
Jennie is a well-mannered girl.
She is tall, fair, good looking and smart. She is very good in her studies and always does
work attentively in the class. All teacher love her very much. We sit in the class on the same
bench side by side. We share many things with each other. We also share our Tiffin. Without
her, I feel very uneasy at the time of my Tiffin break. She gives respects to my feelings. We
have many good habits and manners very common with in us. Our favourite subject is
computer and favourite colour is red.
Jennie is a very helpful girl also. Whenever I need any help in my studies, she remains
ready to help me. She often comes to my home in the evening. There we spend time by
playing and singing. I always thank Allah for giving me such a nice friend. I wish her to be
my best friend always in my life.

18. ARGUMENTATIVE AND
DESCRIPTIVE FORM OF WRITING
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARGUMENTATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
 A descriptive writing told us about stories while an argumentative writing informs about
an idea. The argumentative form of writing can persuade the reader through logic answers.
A descriptive writing is generally on personal experiences.
 Argumentative writing is the type of writing which with the support of evidence tries to
prove a point.
 Whereas, descriptive writing tells a story which is fun reading. It helps in creating pictures
in the mind of the reader through a plot, characters and details.
 Argumentative writing is always related to real things on the other hand descriptive essay
can be real life or fictional.

19. Differences continued….
 The descriptive writing includes the chronological order of presenting a story by an
introduction, plot, character, setting, and climax.
 Whereas, the argumentative writing focus on proving a point through powerful points.
 The descriptive writing can be written in the form of a first and third person.
 Argumentative writing can only be written in the third person.
 Descriptive writing gives a realistic view of the main characteristics of something. It is a
writing in which the writer writes each and every scene in detail and form a picture in front
of the reader.
 An Argumentative writing is a kind of paper that presents contentions about the two sides
of an issue.

20. How descriptive writing and argumentative
writing is different from other writing
• DESCRIPTIVE VS NARRATIVE FORM OF WRITING:
• Narrative and Descriptive writings are two different types of writings.
 A narrative is usually where a person tells his or her experiences to the reader. This
highlights that a narrative allows the reader to immerse in a story that is composed of a
sequence of events.
 But a descriptive writing does not engage in relating a story but merely on providing a
descriptive account of something or someone to the reader. This is the main difference
between a narrative and a descriptive writing.

21. ARGUMENTATIVE VS EXPOSITORY
FORM OF WRITING
 Argumentative writing and Expository writings are two types of writings that
deal with facts and information. The main difference between Argumentative
writing and expository writing is that Argumentative writing is a genre of
writing that attempts to convince the reader to accept writer’s point of
view while expository writing is a genre of writing that provide information
and explanations in a straightforward manner to the readers.

22. USES OF ARGUMENTATIVE FORM
OF WRITING
 Argumentative writing allows a student to carry out independent investigation
into a topic with the aim of coming up with a collection, generation, and
evaluation of evidence that will enable them to develop their own stand on the
matter.
 For debate competition by giving strong logics.
 In resolving a dispute issue.
 For the end of quarrel between two parties by giving strong arguments.

23. USES OF DESCRIPTIVE FORM OF
WRITING
 Conclusion from existing explore.
 A scrupulous crisis or issue.
 A fastidious event. For example writing on traffic jam and climate change.
 Describing a famous and historical place or a person or a thing.