Antisocial personality disorder
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Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by gross and guiltless disregard for others' rights from age 15 into adulthood. People with ASPD tend to behave in deceitful, impulsive, irresponsible, reckless, irritable, and remorseless ways that cause discomfort to others or violate social norms and laws. Risk factors include childhood conduct disorder, family history of personality disorders, and childhood abuse or neglect. Treatment may include family or group psychotherapy to change destructive patterns and teach new skills, as well as cognitive and behavior therapies.
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Antisocial personality disorder
seminar on Antisocial personality disorder for mental healthy professionals and law professionals dealing with Psychiatric patients
Personality disorder ppt MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
Most definition of normal personality includes some or all of the following features,
Present since adolescence.
Stable overtime despite fluctuations in mood.
Manifest in different environment.
Recognizable to friends and acquaintance.
Personality disorders
This document discusses personality disorders. It begins by defining personality and personality traits, then defines personality disorders as inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that interfere with functioning. It describes three clusters of personality disorders - Cluster A which includes odd or eccentric behavior; Cluster B which includes dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior; and Cluster C which includes anxious or fearful behavior. The document then provides more details on specific personality disorders like paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders. It discusses symptoms, causes, treatment options for each.
delusion
This document defines delusions and describes different types of delusions. It states that a delusion is a false, unshakeable belief that is not accepted by the person's culture. Delusions can be bizarre, non-bizarre, mood congruent, or neutral. Common themes of delusions include persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, and grandiose delusions. The document also notes that delusional disorder involves only delusions, while schizophrenia involves delusions and other symptoms.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behaviour.
Contrary to some popular belief, schizophrenia is not split personality or multiple personality. The word “schizophrenia” does mean “split mind,” but it refers to a disruption of the usual balance of emotions and thinking (Mayo, 2013).
Schizophrenia is a chronic condition, requiring lifelong treatment.
Schizophrenia
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its symptoms, types, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, imaging findings, treatment goals, and pharmacological management. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and perceptions. It has several clinical subtypes and is generally treated through a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy, with goals of minimizing symptoms and improving functioning. The exact causes are unknown but involve genetic and environmental factors impacting brain neurochemistry.
Gender identity disorders 2
This document discusses gender identity disorders/gender dysphoria. It defines gender dysphoria as distress from a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity. Epidemiology shows prevalence is higher in male-assigned individuals. Etiology may include biological factors like brain organization and genetics. Treatment involves psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes surgery. Nursing diagnoses for patients include anxiety, stress, and low self-confidence related to their gender identity.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms such as blindness, paralysis, or seizures that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. It occurs when psychological stressors are converted into physical symptoms affecting sensation, movement, or both. People with conversion disorder may experience weakness in the limbs, impaired coordination, or problems with senses like vision or hearing. It is diagnosed through medical history, exams, and tests to rule out other neurological or medical conditions. Treatment involves counseling therapies and sometimes medication to manage anxiety or depression. Prognosis is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed early and the patient engages with treatment recommendations.
Recommended
Antisocial personality disorder
seminar on Antisocial personality disorder for mental healthy professionals and law professionals dealing with Psychiatric patients
Personality disorder ppt MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
Most definition of normal personality includes some or all of the following features,
Present since adolescence.
Stable overtime despite fluctuations in mood.
Manifest in different environment.
Recognizable to friends and acquaintance.
Personality disorders
This document discusses personality disorders. It begins by defining personality and personality traits, then defines personality disorders as inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that interfere with functioning. It describes three clusters of personality disorders - Cluster A which includes odd or eccentric behavior; Cluster B which includes dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior; and Cluster C which includes anxious or fearful behavior. The document then provides more details on specific personality disorders like paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders. It discusses symptoms, causes, treatment options for each.
delusion
This document defines delusions and describes different types of delusions. It states that a delusion is a false, unshakeable belief that is not accepted by the person's culture. Delusions can be bizarre, non-bizarre, mood congruent, or neutral. Common themes of delusions include persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, and grandiose delusions. The document also notes that delusional disorder involves only delusions, while schizophrenia involves delusions and other symptoms.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behaviour.
Contrary to some popular belief, schizophrenia is not split personality or multiple personality. The word “schizophrenia” does mean “split mind,” but it refers to a disruption of the usual balance of emotions and thinking (Mayo, 2013).
Schizophrenia is a chronic condition, requiring lifelong treatment.
Schizophrenia
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its symptoms, types, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, imaging findings, treatment goals, and pharmacological management. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and perceptions. It has several clinical subtypes and is generally treated through a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy, with goals of minimizing symptoms and improving functioning. The exact causes are unknown but involve genetic and environmental factors impacting brain neurochemistry.
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This document discusses gender identity disorders/gender dysphoria. It defines gender dysphoria as distress from a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity. Epidemiology shows prevalence is higher in male-assigned individuals. Etiology may include biological factors like brain organization and genetics. Treatment involves psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes surgery. Nursing diagnoses for patients include anxiety, stress, and low self-confidence related to their gender identity.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms such as blindness, paralysis, or seizures that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. It occurs when psychological stressors are converted into physical symptoms affecting sensation, movement, or both. People with conversion disorder may experience weakness in the limbs, impaired coordination, or problems with senses like vision or hearing. It is diagnosed through medical history, exams, and tests to rule out other neurological or medical conditions. Treatment involves counseling therapies and sometimes medication to manage anxiety or depression. Prognosis is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed early and the patient engages with treatment recommendations.
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This document defines phobias and discusses their classification, predisposing factors, clinical features, types, terms for specific phobias, social phobia, agoraphobia, course, and management. Phobias are defined as irrational fears that lead to avoidance behaviors. They are classified into specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, and other categories. Factors like conditioning, cognitive distortions, and temperament may predispose individuals. Symptoms include disproportionate fear and avoidance. Treatment involves psychotherapy, behavioral techniques, and medications.
Schizophrenia
SCHIZOPHRENIA:
slide 1: A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
slide 14: Types:
• Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations (hearing voices that don't exist) but relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of emotions. People with paranoid-type schizophrenia can exhibit anger, aloofness, anxiety, and can be argumentative.
• Disorganized-type schizophrenia is characterized by speech and behavior that are disorganized or difficult to understand, and flattening or inappropriate emotions. People with disorganized-type schizophrenia may laugh inappropriately for no apparent reason, make illogical statements, or seem preoccupied with their own thoughts or perceptions. Their disorganized behavior may disrupt normal activities, such as showering, dressing, and preparing meals.
• Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia is characterized by some symptoms seen in all of the above types, but not enough of any one of them to define it as another particular type of schizophrenia.
• Residual-type schizophrenia is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia, but the person currently has no "positive" symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior). It may represent a transition between a full-blown episode and complete remission, or it may continue for years without any further psychotic episodes.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
This type of schizophrenia includes extremes of behavior, including:
Catatonic excitement - overexcitement or hyperactivity, in which the patient may mimic sounds (echolalia) or movements (achopraxia) around them.
Catatonic stupor - a dramatic reduction in activity in which the patient cannot speak, move or respond. Virtually all movements stops.
Conclusion
It is clear now, through the use of genetic linkage studies and microbiology, that schizophrenia does indeed have a biological explanation. However, the biological explanation is only part of the story. A yet unknown combination of intense stress, sociocultural situations, and cognitive processes may lead to the actual onset of schizophrenia aided by natural precursors. The most compelling explanation seems to be that a genetically inherited biological abnormality gives rise to hallucinations/delusions as a result of intense stress and eventually leads to other negative symptoms in reaction to the hallucinations/ delusions. At any rate, the current understanding of schizophrenia explains that the symptoms, however easily identifiable, are the result of a complex interaction between nature and nurture that can be treated adequately through the use of atypical anti psychotic drugs and psychotherapy.
Psychiatric emergencies
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies and their management. It describes conditions like suicidal threats, violence, panic attacks, catatonia, hysteria, transient situational disturbances, delirium tremens, epileptic furor, acute drug-induced movement disorders, and drug toxicity. For each condition, it outlines signs, potential causes, and recommended emergency treatment approaches such as reassurance, sedation, monitoring safety, fluid replacement, and stopping causative medications. The overall goal of management is to stabilize the patient, prevent harm, and address the underlying psychiatric condition.
Classification of Mental Disorders
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This document provides information about phobias. It defines phobias and describes their epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic criteria according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV, and treatment options including psychotherapy, behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and nursing management. The key points are:
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Delusional Disorders
This document defines and describes delusional disorder. It is characterized by non-bizarre delusions that have persisted for at least one month without significant impairment in functioning. There are several proposed causes including biological and psychosocial factors. Various subtypes are identified based on the predominant delusional theme, such as erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, and somatic delusions. The diagnostic criteria require non-bizarre delusions for at least one month without symptoms meeting criteria for schizophrenia.
Classification of Mental disorders
This document discusses various systems for classifying mental disorders. It describes the ICD-10 classification system from the WHO which organizes disorders into categories. It also describes the DSM-5 system used in the US which previously used a multi-axial system but now combines the axes. The purposes of classification are to aid in diagnosis, communication, research and treatment. The document also briefly outlines an Indian system which broadly divides disorders into categories like psychosis, neurosis and special disorders.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mental status examination
The document discusses the components and process of conducting a mental status examination. It describes the mental status examination as an assessment of a patient's cognitive abilities, appearance, mood, and speech patterns. The summary includes identifying data, appearance, behavior, mood, thought content, cognition, insight, and conclusion. The examination is used to obtain a comprehensive understanding of a patient's current mental state in order to make diagnoses and develop treatment plans.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
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Psychotherapy
This document provides an overview of different types of psychotherapy. It defines psychotherapy as a process that attempts to help patients through a structured relationship with a trained therapist. Psychotherapy can be individual, group, family-based, or focus on marital issues. Approaches include supportive, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and experiential therapies. The document describes the goals, techniques, indications and characteristics of various psychotherapy methods.
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This document summarizes research on the neurological basis and treatment of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Studies have found deficits in brain areas like the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and hippocampus in individuals with ASPD. Lower levels of serotonin have also been linked to ASPD. Treatments for ASPD are limited due to the manipulative nature of those with the disorder and low treatment seeking. More research is needed to better understand the causes of ASPD and develop effective treatments.
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Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others and a pattern of manipulating or violating their rights. It has a prevalence of 3% in males and 1% in females. Both genetic and environmental factors like childhood abuse or neglect contribute to its development. Symptoms include aggression, impulsivity, lack of remorse, and failure to conform to social norms. Treatment focuses on controlling behavior and substance abuse, with medications and psychotherapy having limited effectiveness. Complications include physical trauma, mental health issues, substance abuse, and criminal behavior.
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This document defines phobias and discusses their classification, predisposing factors, clinical features, types, terms for specific phobias, social phobia, agoraphobia, course, and management. Phobias are defined as irrational fears that lead to avoidance behaviors. They are classified into specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, and other categories. Factors like conditioning, cognitive distortions, and temperament may predispose individuals. Symptoms include disproportionate fear and avoidance. Treatment involves psychotherapy, behavioral techniques, and medications.
Schizophrenia
SCHIZOPHRENIA:
slide 1: A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
slide 14: Types:
• Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations (hearing voices that don't exist) but relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of emotions. People with paranoid-type schizophrenia can exhibit anger, aloofness, anxiety, and can be argumentative.
• Disorganized-type schizophrenia is characterized by speech and behavior that are disorganized or difficult to understand, and flattening or inappropriate emotions. People with disorganized-type schizophrenia may laugh inappropriately for no apparent reason, make illogical statements, or seem preoccupied with their own thoughts or perceptions. Their disorganized behavior may disrupt normal activities, such as showering, dressing, and preparing meals.
• Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia is characterized by some symptoms seen in all of the above types, but not enough of any one of them to define it as another particular type of schizophrenia.
• Residual-type schizophrenia is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia, but the person currently has no "positive" symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior). It may represent a transition between a full-blown episode and complete remission, or it may continue for years without any further psychotic episodes.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
This type of schizophrenia includes extremes of behavior, including:
Catatonic excitement - overexcitement or hyperactivity, in which the patient may mimic sounds (echolalia) or movements (achopraxia) around them.
Catatonic stupor - a dramatic reduction in activity in which the patient cannot speak, move or respond. Virtually all movements stops.
Conclusion
It is clear now, through the use of genetic linkage studies and microbiology, that schizophrenia does indeed have a biological explanation. However, the biological explanation is only part of the story. A yet unknown combination of intense stress, sociocultural situations, and cognitive processes may lead to the actual onset of schizophrenia aided by natural precursors. The most compelling explanation seems to be that a genetically inherited biological abnormality gives rise to hallucinations/delusions as a result of intense stress and eventually leads to other negative symptoms in reaction to the hallucinations/ delusions. At any rate, the current understanding of schizophrenia explains that the symptoms, however easily identifiable, are the result of a complex interaction between nature and nurture that can be treated adequately through the use of atypical anti psychotic drugs and psychotherapy.
Psychiatric emergencies
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies and their management. It describes conditions like suicidal threats, violence, panic attacks, catatonia, hysteria, transient situational disturbances, delirium tremens, epileptic furor, acute drug-induced movement disorders, and drug toxicity. For each condition, it outlines signs, potential causes, and recommended emergency treatment approaches such as reassurance, sedation, monitoring safety, fluid replacement, and stopping causative medications. The overall goal of management is to stabilize the patient, prevent harm, and address the underlying psychiatric condition.
Classification of Mental Disorders
Classification of Mental disorders is also known as Psychiatric Nosology or Psychiatric Taxonomy. Most commonly Used Classification is ICD and DSM.
Schizoaffective dissorder
Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders like mania or depression. It affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and potentially their actions. It is considered a disorder of both the mind and emotions. Schizoaffective disorder can be of the bipolar, depressive, or mixed type depending on the symptoms present. Treatment involves medications like antipsychotics and mood stabilizers as well as psychotherapy and life skills training. Nursing care focuses on ensuring safety, promoting functioning, and supporting treatment compliance.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. They are caused by psychological factors and result in significant distress or impairment. One such disorder is somatization disorder, which involves multiple somatic complaints in various organ systems over several years. It has an onset before age 30 and is diagnosed when symptoms cannot be explained medically or are excessive given the medical findings. Common features include pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms. Somatization disorder is associated with conditions like depression and anxiety.
Acute and transient Psychotic Disorder
This document provides an overview of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder (ATPD). It discusses the history and evolution of ATPD from early descriptions in the late 19th century to its inclusion as a diagnostic category in ICD-10 in 1992. The document outlines the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for ATPD and reviews several landmark studies that helped establish ATPD as a separate diagnostic category from schizophrenia and affective disorders. It also discusses cultural variants of brief psychotic episodes and debates around classifying certain culture-bound syndromes as ATPD.
Mental State Examination
This document provides an overview of the components of a mental status examination (MSE). It describes 8 components that are assessed during an MSE: general appearance and behavior; speech; mood and affect; thought; perception; cognition; judgement; and insight. Each component is then defined and examples are provided of the types of observations, questions, and tests used to evaluate the patient's status in that area. The goal of the MSE is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the patient's overall emotional and cognitive functioning.
Phobia
This document provides information about phobias. It defines phobias and describes their epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic criteria according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV, and treatment options including psychotherapy, behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and nursing management. The key points are:
Phobias are irrational fears caused by classical conditioning or genetic factors. They involve disproportionate fear and avoidance of specific stimuli. Social phobia is the most common phobia. Treatment involves exposure therapy, skills training, medication, and helping patients cope with fears and social isolation. Nurses assess phobias and support patients by teaching coping strategies and gradually exposing them to feared stimuli.
Delusional Disorders
This document defines and describes delusional disorder. It is characterized by non-bizarre delusions that have persisted for at least one month without significant impairment in functioning. There are several proposed causes including biological and psychosocial factors. Various subtypes are identified based on the predominant delusional theme, such as erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, and somatic delusions. The diagnostic criteria require non-bizarre delusions for at least one month without symptoms meeting criteria for schizophrenia.
Classification of Mental disorders
This document discusses various systems for classifying mental disorders. It describes the ICD-10 classification system from the WHO which organizes disorders into categories. It also describes the DSM-5 system used in the US which previously used a multi-axial system but now combines the axes. The purposes of classification are to aid in diagnosis, communication, research and treatment. The document also briefly outlines an Indian system which broadly divides disorders into categories like psychosis, neurosis and special disorders.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Mental status examination
The document discusses the components and process of conducting a mental status examination. It describes the mental status examination as an assessment of a patient's cognitive abilities, appearance, mood, and speech patterns. The summary includes identifying data, appearance, behavior, mood, thought content, cognition, insight, and conclusion. The examination is used to obtain a comprehensive understanding of a patient's current mental state in order to make diagnoses and develop treatment plans.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
Dementia
This document discusses dementia, including its definition, classification, causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis and treatment. Dementia is defined as the acquired impairment of intellect, memory and personality without impaired consciousness. It is most common in the elderly. The main types discussed are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and dementia caused by other diseases. Symptoms worsen over three stages from mild memory loss to severe impairment, eventually resulting in death. Diagnosis involves cognitive assessment and MRI or spinal fluid tests. Treatment focuses on medications to improve symptoms as well as managing behaviors and providing daily care and support.
Psychotherapy ppt.
This document provides an overview of psychotherapy. It begins by defining psychotherapy and tracing its origins back to the 1800s. Sigmund Freud is noted as developing one of the early forms of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis. The document then discusses various aspects of psychotherapy like definitions, goals, stages, techniques, types according to depth/number of patients/purpose, indications, contraindications, limitations, and requirements of a psychotherapist. It also covers individual psychotherapy in detail including its definition, aims, modes, types, techniques, indications, benefits, and disadvantages. The document concludes with a brief discussion of group therapy including its definition, types, models, selection of clients, group size, session duration/frequency, and benefits.
Psychotherapy
This document provides an overview of different types of psychotherapy. It defines psychotherapy as a process that attempts to help patients through a structured relationship with a trained therapist. Psychotherapy can be individual, group, family-based, or focus on marital issues. Approaches include supportive, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and experiential therapies. The document describes the goals, techniques, indications and characteristics of various psychotherapy methods.
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The document summarizes a seminar on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It defines anxiety and anxiety disorders, and classifies GAD as a chronic condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry. The seminar discusses the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, differences between normal worry and GAD, and treatments for GAD including psychotherapy and medications.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. It is classified into Bipolar I and II based on the severity of manic episodes. The exact causes are unknown but genetic and biochemical factors are thought to play a role. Clinical features include changes in mood, energy, sleep patterns, and risk-taking behavior. Treatment involves mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and antidepressants to control symptoms and prevent future episodes. Prognosis depends on factors like comorbidities, stress levels, and medication compliance.
Behavioural therapy
This document discusses different types of psychotherapies including behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive therapy, and humanistic therapy. It focuses on behavioral therapy, outlining its key assumptions, principles, indications, and techniques. Behavioral therapy aims to modify maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement of adaptive behaviors based on principles of classical and operant conditioning. Techniques may include desensitization, flooding, exposure therapy, and aversion therapy. Advantages are its empirical evidence-base and collaboration between therapist and client, while disadvantages are its lack of insight and focus only on symptoms.
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Personality disorders are inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress and impairment. They include odd, dramatic, and anxious clusters. Treatment focuses on setting limits, avoiding judgment, and maintaining calm communication. Understanding personality disorders improves relationships and reduces stress.
Personality disorder epidemiology & etiology
Personality disorders are common, chronic conditions that affect 10-20% of the general population. They have genetic and biological factors like low serotonin levels and childhood experiences like trauma that contribute to their development. The epidemiology of specific personality disorders is discussed, such as borderline personality disorder affecting 1-2% of the population, twice as common in women. Personality disorders are also more prevalent among prison populations and relatives of those with conditions like schizophrenia.
Cluster B Personalty disorders
Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, emotional or erratic behaviors. They include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. Biological factors like genetics and hormones play a role in etiology. Psychological factors during development like attachment issues and maladaptive defenses also contribute to Cluster B personalities. Antisocial personality disorder specifically involves a persistent disregard for social norms with impulsive and aggressive tendencies, affecting mostly males.
Histrionic and antisocial personality
Personality disorders involve personality traits that differ markedly from societal norms, often emerging in childhood. Antisocial personality disorder involves disregard for others, aggression, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, recklessness and lack of remorse. It is defined in the DSM-IV and ICD-10 and commonly diagnosed more in males. Those with ASPD are at risk for substance abuse, depression and other disorders. Genetics play a role and biological relatives of those with ASPD are also at higher risk. Treatment involves psychotherapy and medication management to increase self-awareness and move towards a healthier perspective.
Personality disorder CLUSTER A
Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. They are characterized by odd, aloof features. Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. Schizoid personality disorder involves detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions. Schizotypal personality disorder involves acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Genetic and biological factors may contribute to the development of these disorders. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment approach.
Personality disorder
This document provides information on personality disorders, including definitions of personality and personality disorders. It describes several specific personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, antisocial/dissocial, borderline, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant) and discusses their diagnostic criteria, characteristics, prevalence, sex differences, treatments and prognosis. Personality disorders are grouped into clusters (A, B, C) based on common features and are diagnosed using systems like the DSM and ICD.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDE(CLUSTER B)
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights through behaviors like lying, aggression, and lack of remorse. To be diagnosed, these behaviors must begin by age 15 and continue into adulthood. Additional criteria include being 18 or older, having a history of conduct disorder before age 15, and ruling out conditions like schizophrenia. Risk factors include having a close family member with antisocial personality disorder and being male. While treatment is difficult given impaired decision-making and lack of responsiveness to punishment, cognitive behavioral therapy may offer some success in modifying criminal behavior.
SCHIZOPHRENIA.pptx
This document provides information on schizophrenia, including its epidemiology, types, symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes schizophrenia as a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts and behaviors. The lifetime prevalence is reported to be 0.3-0.7%, most commonly onset in late adolescence to early adulthood. Treatment involves both pharmacological approaches using antipsychotics like clozapine and risperidone, and non-pharmacological psychosocial rehabilitation programs.
ANGELO.Psychosis characteristics (thesis)May25th2015 (final version) (1)
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Antisocial powerpoin txxxx
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
Antisocial powerpoin txxxx
This document discusses antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. It provides information on the diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR. Key symptoms include a lack of empathy, disregard for laws and social norms, manipulation, aggression, and failure to maintain relationships or meet work obligations. The disorder is characterized by enduring antisocial behavior that begins in childhood or adolescence.
Antisocial powerpoin txxxx
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Antisocial personality disorder
- 1. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER By ARINDAM SAIN(CSIR-JRF), M.Sc. (Human Physiology) PHYSIOLOGY NEWS
- 2. Antisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference They show no guilt or remorse for their behaviour Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often violate the law, becoming criminals They may lie, behave violently or impulsively, and have problems with drug and alcohol use PHYSIOLOGY NEWS
- 3. PHYSIOLOGY NEWS Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by gross and guiltless disregard for and violation of others’ rights, present since age 15 and persisting in adulthood. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013) criteria include: Nonconformity to social norms, unlawful behaviour. Deceitful, impulsive, irresponsible, and reckless behaviour. Irritability and aggressiveness, with no remorse.
- 4. Symptoms: People with antisocial personality disorder tend to have few symptoms. Rather, they cause discomfort or distress to others through socially unacceptable behaviour and by being: Deceitful Impulsive Aggressive or irritable Reckless Irresponsible Remorseless PHYSIOLOGY NEWS
- 5. PHYSIOLOGY NEWS RISK FACTORS: Certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing antisocial personality disorder, such as: a) Diagnosis of childhood conduct disorder b) Family history of antisocial personality disorder or other personality disorders or mental illness c) Being subjected to abuse or neglect during childhood d) Unstable, violent or chaotic family life during childhood
- 6. PHYSIOLOGY NEWS 1. The pathophysiology of ASPD remains unclear 2. Reduced grey matter volume in the frontal cortex is seen in most cases 3. About 50% of the total liability to developing ASPD has been attributed to genetic factors 4. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 6p21.2 and at 6p21.32 at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is related to ASPD 5. In humans, LINC00951 and LRFN2 are both expressed in the frontal cortex 6. Both of these genes are associated with the reduced grey matter volume in ASPD
- 7. GWAS study identified genetic abnormality (SNPs) in ASPD PHYSIOLOGY NEWSM-R Rautiainen et al.
- 8. Antisocial populations differ on bio-cognitive dimensions PHYSIOLOGY NEWSI.A. Brazil et al.
- 9. TREATMENT: In younger people, family or group psychotherapy may help to change destructive patterns of behaviour, teach new vocational and relationship skills, and reinforce a person's social support Psychotherapy also may help a person with this disorder learn to be more sensitive to the feelings of others and encourage new, socially acceptable and productive ways of thinking about one's goals and aims Cognitive therapy attempts to change sociopathic ways of thinking Behaviour therapy uses reward and punishment to promote good behaviour
- 10. THANK YOU