This is a powerpoint presentation on the epidermal keratinization and its associated disorders, presented by Dr. Jerriton, Dermatology resident of SVMCH, Pondicherry.
This is a powerpoint presentation on the epidermal keratinization and its associated disorders, presented by Dr. Jerriton, Dermatology resident of SVMCH, Pondicherry.
Definition, development, function & Site-specific of Melanocyte Definition, formation & function of Melanosomes, Definition & function of Melanin
Melanogenesis
Merkel cells (MCs) constitute a very unique population of postmitotic cells scattered along the dermoepidermal
junction. These cells that have synaptic contacts with somatosensory afferents are regarded
to have a pivotal role in sensory discernment. Several concerns exist till date as to their origin,
multiplication, and relevance in skin biology.
Definition, development, function & Site-specific of Melanocyte Definition, formation & function of Melanosomes, Definition & function of Melanin
Melanogenesis
Merkel cells (MCs) constitute a very unique population of postmitotic cells scattered along the dermoepidermal
junction. These cells that have synaptic contacts with somatosensory afferents are regarded
to have a pivotal role in sensory discernment. Several concerns exist till date as to their origin,
multiplication, and relevance in skin biology.
he dermo-epidermal junction is a complex structure, composed of semidesmosomes (attachment plaque, cell membrane and junction plate) anchoring filaments, basal lamina, anchoring fibrils and elastic fibrils. A similar structure is seen in other epithelial and endothelial tissues, muscles and nerves. Among them, mucous epithelium is very like the epithelium of skin.
As observed under the light microscope, the PAS-positive basement membrane includes the basal lamina and anchoring fibrils. Elastic fibrils seem to be identical with oxytalan fibers and elastofibrils. Histochemical studies suggest that the junction consists of neutral mucopolysaccharides, collagenous protein, SO4-groups and lipids. However, no chemical analyses have been done.
The normal junction can be separated by physical, chemical or enzymatic methods. Suction is a unique technique for dermo-epidermal separation. Its formation is studied in embryonic skin, cultivated skin and wound healing. The junction is initiated by an increased density of basal cell membrane and is laid down on the surface of the dermis.
The junction binds the epidermis firmly to the corium and controls the passage of material from the dermis to the epidermis or vice versa.
Keratinized tissue, also known as keratinized mucosa, refers to the band of tissue surrounding your teeth at the point where they meet the gums. The word "keratinized" is used to describe cells that produce large amounts of a protein called keratin, making them strong and better at forming barriers. Local irritation interferes with keratinization, and healthy gingiva is more keratinized than diseased, irritated gingiva. Nonepithelial cells are also present in the oral gingival epithelium. These include melanocytes, and Langerhans cells in the stratum spinosum. In the oral cavity, keratinized mucosa is found in the gingiva and palate mucosa, whereas the non-keratinized mucosa is found in the buccal mucosa.
Structure of Skin | Layers of Skin |Function of Skin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IytTVigBQrI&t=172s
Dr. Nagendra Kr Meena
PG Resident
Hindu Rao Hospital,New Delhi
Cell adhesion molecules and mechanisms of cell adhesionKunaal Agrawal
A detailed seminar on Cell adhesion molecules and mechanisms of cell adhesion and their implications in Orthodontics and Developmental Biology of Craniofacial Region
The Biology of the Basement Membrane Zone Ibrahim Farag
It is a critical interface between the epidermis and dermis and is a highly specialized structure that allows for communication between different cell types.
Examination of BMZ/Structure of BMZ/Origin of BMZ/Function of BMZ/Examples of Some diseases affecting BMZ
The skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for about 15% of the total body weight in adult humans. It exerts multiple vital protective functions against environmental aggressions, rendered possible thanks to an elaborate structure, associating various tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin, arranged in three layers, including (from top to bottom) the epidermis (and its appendages), the dermis and the hypodermis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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3. HEADS TO BE HIGHLIGHTED
DEFINITION
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
FUNCTION
ULTRASTRUCTURE
UBIQUITUOUS COMPONENTS OF DEJ
APPLIED ASPECTS
RECENT ADVANCES
4. DEFINITION of DERMO-EPIDERMAL
JUNCTION /DEJ
“A highly complex form of basement membrane that
underlies the basal keratinocytes of epidermis and
extend into the upper layer of dermis”.
A critical interface/junction between the
overlying epidermis and underlying dermis.
It is continuous along the epidermis and skin
appendages .
7. The BMZ can be
recognized
histologically by
positive
labelling with Periodic
AcidSchiff Stain.
Electron microscopy
is an essential
technique to reveal
the ultrastructure
morphology of
basement
memberane zone.
8. ORIGIN & DEVELOPMENT
Structures of basal lamina (lucida & densa) : ectodermal origin
Structures of sub-basal-lamina(fibroreticular
lamina):mesodermal origin.
As early as 8 weeks EGA ,a simple Basement membrane
separates the epidermis from dermis,comprising of all basic
ubiquituous components : Laminin 111,collagen IV,Heparan
sulfate and Nidogen.
Components of hemidesmosomes and anchoring filaments and
fibrils develop around the start of early embryonic period(3-5m).
9. ZONE 1 : LAMINA LUCIDA AND
ITS COMPONENTS
Tonofilaments: keratin intermediate
filaments, keratin 5,14 that course through basal
keratinocytes into the hemidesmosomes.
Hemidesmosomes: are anchoring junctional
proteins, extend from the intracellular
compartment of the basal keratinocytes to the
lamina lucida inthe upper portion of the dermal–
epidermal basement membrane.
10. Hemidesmosomes cont.
Also constitute the hemidesmosome–anchoring filament complex.
HD1 to HD5 with molecular masses of approximately 500, 230, 200, 180
and 120 kD, respectively.
HD 1 corresponds to plectin, a large intracytoplasmic adhesion
molecule.
HD2 and HD4 as the 230 and 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigens (BPAG1
and BPAG2).
HD 3 & HD 5 corresponds to α6 and β4 chain of integrin molecule .
BPAG 2 also known as type XVII collagen, interacts with α6β4 integrin
and extends from the intracellular compartment of basal cells to the
extracellular space, thus stabilizing the association of basal
keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane.
11.
12. Lamina lucida components cont.
Anchoring filaments : are thread‐like structures
that complex with hemidesmosomes.laminin 332 may
be the major component of the anchoring filaments.
The cell binding of laminins is mediated by
13. LAMININS
High MW glycoproteins(400-900).
Important part of basal lamina that help in cell adhesion,cell
differentiation and migration.
Structurally ,a trimer of 3 polypeptide chains with varying orientation.
Nomenclature as per constituent chains
ex : laminin 511 contains α5 ,β1 and γ1 chains.
Laminins are associated with typeIV collagen via entactin and perlecan.
Also bind to cell membranes via Integrin receptors.
and muscle membrane via dystroglycan molecules.
14.
15. DISTRIBUTION OF LAMININ
As many as 16 different laminins have been identified thus far
and at least four of them are physiologically present in the
skin in significant quantities.
Type of
laminin Polypeptide Distribution
111 α1β1γ1 Blood vessels, LD
311 α3β1γ1 LL/LD
511 α5β1γ1 LL/LD
332 α3β3γ2 Interface of LL/LD
16. INTEGRIN
Transmembrane glycoproteins that attach cell-cell or
cells to extracellular matrix.
Bind to ligands such as fibronectin,vitronectin,collagen
and laminin.
Structurally heterodimers of α and β peptide chains.
18. Components of
lamina densa
COLLAGEN Type IV
A heterotrimer of three α polypeptide chains
.
Each of these chain contain 3 distinct domains
: 1) N-terminalcysteine-rich 7-s domain
2) a central triple-helical domain and
3) a C-terminal globular domain (NC-1) .
Covalent interactions among 7-s region form
specialised network forms esp. a four-legged
Spider form
** α1 and α2 are ubiquitous but the third
chain can be α3 or α4 or α5 in different
basement membranes .
19. NIDOGEN/ENTACTIN
ARE SMALL glycoprotein
MOLECULES EXPRESSED AS
NIDOGEN 1 AND NIDOGEN 2
CONNECTING LINK BETWEEN
COLLAGEN IV AND LAMININ ,
FURTHER IT INTEGRATE
OTHER COMPONENTS OF
BASEMENT MEMBRANE SUCH
AS PERLECAN, FIBULIN .
20. HEPARAN SULFATE proteoglycan
Three major types present in vascular and epithelial
basement membrane: 1)perlecan 2) agrin
3)collagenxviii
- Perlecan in basement membrane of myocardium and
skin,
- Agrin in neuro muscular junction and renal tubular
basement membrane.
- Collagen xviii : considerd a hybrid collagen-
proteoglycan present over glomeluar basement
membrane allowing selective permeability.
21. COMPONENTS OF SUBLAMINA DENSA
Anchoring fibrils :
condensed filamentous aggregate of type VII collagen.
proximal end (NC-1 domain) insert into basal lamina-laminin 332
distal end integrate into fibrous network of dermis or electron dense
amorphous anchoring plaques(TYPE IV COLLAGEN)
Anchoring fibrils form a scaffold that entraps large number of dermal fibrils
Bind them with covalent crosslinking between collagen vii and collagen 1
,securing the lamina densa to the subjacent dermis .
23. APPLIED ASPECTS
BIOPSY : Evaluation of inflammation and change in tissue architecture at the
level of dermoepithelial junction.
SPLIT SKIN METHOD : splitting of skin through lamina lucida,so as to
distinguish the distribution of immune deposits at epidermal & dermal
level .methods used are : 1) enzymatic via Trypsin ,dispase
2)NACL Splitting: incubation in 1 M NS at for 24-48 hr.
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY : to ascertain the architectural
details of epidermis ,DEJ and dermis .
DIF(DIRECT IMMUNOFLUOROSCENCE) and IF (INDIRECT
IMMUNOFLUOROSCENCE) study : to determine the type of immune
deposits and the sites of distribution ,i.e. at epidermal,subepidermal/BMZ
or at upper dermis.
24. DEJ/BMZ TARGETS IN
SKIN DISEASE
STRUCTURAL
LEVEL
COMPONENT
MOLECULES
AUTOIMMUNE
TARGET
GENETIC
TARGET
TONOFILAMENT KERATIN 5,14 EBS
HD PLAQUE BPAG 1
PLECTIN
BP
BP,CP
EBS
EBS-MD,JEB-PA
HD TRANS-
MEMBRANE
PROTEI N
COLLAGEN XVII
α6β4
BP,CP,LAD,PG
BP ,CP
JEB-non-Herlitz
JEB- PA
ANCHORING
FILAMENT
LAMININ332
ECTODOMAIN OF
COLLAGEN XVII
CP
BP, LAD
JEB-Herlitz
JEB-nonlethal
ANCHORING
FIBRILS
COLLAGEN VII EBA DEB
