Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, making up 25-30% of total protein content. It forms connective tissues like skin, bone, cartilage and is classified into different types based on structure and function. There are at least 28 types of collagen coded by 42 genes. Collagen provides structure and strength to tissues, supports skin and basement membranes. Its biosynthesis involves post-translational modifications within cells and extracellular cross-linking. Disorders can result from deficient or defective collagen synthesis, including scurvy, Menkes disease, osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Excess collagen deposition can cause keloids and scleroderma. Cosmetic procedures use collagen fillers for wrink
Collagen is most abundant protein in mammals, the main fibrous component of skin, bone, tendon and cartilage.
Collagen comprises one- third of the total protein, accounts for three-quarters of the dry weight of skin, and is the most prevalent component of the extracellular matrix.
The collagen family consists of 28 members and these are classified by Roman numbers on the basis of their chronology of discovery.
Collagen is most abundant protein in mammals, the main fibrous component of skin, bone, tendon and cartilage.
Collagen comprises one- third of the total protein, accounts for three-quarters of the dry weight of skin, and is the most prevalent component of the extracellular matrix.
The collagen family consists of 28 members and these are classified by Roman numbers on the basis of their chronology of discovery.
Extra cellular matrix is recently being explored in connection with cancer , metastases and autoimmune disorders. It is prepared for the benefit of both UG and PG medical and dental students.
Extra cellular matrix is recently being explored in connection with cancer , metastases and autoimmune disorders. It is prepared for the benefit of both UG and PG medical and dental students.
Other diseases, called collagen vascular diseases, affect the protein.pdfarkurkuri
Other diseases, called collagen vascular diseases, affect the protein collagen, the main
component of collagen fibers Predict the possible consequences of defective collagen fibers on
specific organs an tissues. How would the effects of a collagen vascular disease that affected
only the collagen in reticular fibers effects seen with question 2? Why?
Solution
2. ANS:
Collagen:
It is the most abundant animal protein on earth. It is present in the extra cellular spaces bones,
tendons, ligaments, gums, teeth and wall of blood vessels.
It is a homo dimer, made up of 3 identical polypeptide chains. The sequence of collagen is rich in
glycine and prolins and the sequence is Glycine – Proline – Hydroxy proline.
In the body 90% of the collagen is Type I collagen.
Type I: skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs and bone
Type II: cartilage
Type III: reticulate
Type IV: forms basal lamina, the epithelium-secreted layer of the basement membrane.
Type V: cell surfaces, hair and placenta
Most of the collagen diseases are arisen due to the genetic defects or nutritional deficiencies.
1. Osteogenesis imperfect: It is a type I collagen autosomal disorder. In this bones and
connective tissue are affected.
2. Chondrodysplasias: It is a type II collagen disease, mainly caused by mutations. In this
skeletal bone are affected.
3. Alport syndrome: It is a genetic disorder. In this disorder kidneys and eyes are mostly affected
in during the childhood.
4. Osteoporosis: It is mainly associated with reduced levels of collagen in the skin and bones.
5. Scurvy: It is mainly associated with vitamin C. Multiple collagen tissues are affected and leads
to bleeding gums, loose of tooth, bones are fragile and internal hemorrhage.
3. ANS:
Elastic collagen disorders are mainly caused by different mutations. Among this some types are
lethal, leading to the rupture of arteries. This type of disorder occurs with the elastic collagen
accumulation and elastotic degeneration.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome is ten different types of disorder. Type III collagen mutation caused this
disorder..
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Babizhayev MA (2017) Treatment of Skin Aging and Photoaging with Innovative O...Mark Babizhayev
Babizhayev MA (2017) Treatment of Skin Aging and Photoaging with Innovative Oral Dosage Forms of Non-Hydrolized Carnosine and Carcinine. Int J Clin Dermatol Res. 5(5), 116-143.
This presentation is on functions of skin and physiology of skin including thermoregulatory function, barrier function, vitamin D synthesis, cosmetic functions.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
5. What is collagen ?
A fibrous protein
Most abundant
protein in human
body(25-30% of total
protein content)
Forms major part of
extracellular matrix
and connective
tissues like dermis of
skin cornea bones,
tendons, cartilage,
and vessels
Forms 80% of dry wt.
of dermis
7. CLASSIFICATION OF COLLAGEN
Atleast 28 types of Collagen coded by 42 different genes.
such as Collagens I, II,III,IV,V,VI,VII………..XXVII,XXVIII .
TYPES CODING GENES
I COL1A1,COL1A2
II COL2A1
III COL3A1
IV COL4A1,COL4A2,COL4A3
COL4A4,COL4A5,COL4A6
. .
. .
XXVIII COL28A1
As per their length and number of collagenous and non-collagenous domain
and architectural contribution in various tissues ,four different classes of
collagens.
8. MAJOR CLASSES OF COLLAGEN
FIBRILLAR : I ,II ,III ,V , XI , XXIV and XXVII
NETWORK FORMING : IV , VIII , X
TRANSMEMBRANE : XXIII , XXVII
ANCHORING FIBRIL : VII
9. STRUCTURE OF COLLAGEN
A compact triple helix : 3 alpha chains coiled
around each other to form rod-like structure of
dimension 1.5 * 300 nm
Type1collagen is the prototype (alpha1)2 alpha2
The triple helix is largely explained by the unusual
amino- acids composition such as Proline ,
Hydroxyproline
Each alpha chain comprises of approx.1000
amino acids
with a characteristic repeat sequence Gly-X-Y
X is frequently Proline,Y is often Hydroxyproline
or
hydoxy lysine
12. FUNCTION OF COLLAGEN
As a part of extracellular matrix ,maintains tissue architecture
Supports the epidermis & DEJ with underlying dermis
Maintains the basement membranes of various organ systems like
respiratory,gastrointestinal,urogenital ,etc.
Supports the endothelium ,facilitate adhesion of platelets during
vascular injury
Forms a major part in the architecture of musculoskeletal system
like tendons ,ligaments,cartilage and bones
Maintains the transparency of lens in eye and supports the stroma
of cornea and vitreous humor
13. BIOSYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN
Intracellular steps:
1. Translation of pre-pro chains on the ribosomes
of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. Cleavage of the signal sequence
3. Hydroxylation of selected prolyl and lysyl
residues
4. Glycosylation of some hydroxylysyl residues
5. Formation of intrachain disulfide bonds
6. Formation of triple helices
14. EXTRACELLULAR MODIFICATIONS
. Cleavage of peptide extensions by specific
proteases
Fibril formation
3. Cross-linking of collagen fibrils by deamination of
hydroxylysine and lysine residues to give aldhehydes,
followed by cross-link formation by reaction of either
(a) 2 aldehydes or (b) 1 aldehydes and
1 -amino group on adjacent molecules
15.
16.
17.
18. APPLIED ASPECTS OF COLLAGEN
DISORDERS DUE TO DEFICIENT OR
ABNORMAL COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS :
1.synthesis enzymes deficiency 2. mutation of
coding genes
DISORDERS DUE TO EXCESS COLLAGEN
SYNTHESIS AND ACCUMULATION
PLACE OF COLLAGEN IN AESTHETICS AND
CLINICAL DERMATOLGY
19. DISORDERS DUE TO
DEFECIENCY OR DEFECTIVE
SYNTHESIS
SCURVY : Due to
def. of Vit.C ,the
hydroxylation step
fails.Vit.C acts as
coenzyme for prolyl
hydroxylase and lysl
hydroxylase
20. MENKES
DISEASE
X linked disorder
associated with
copper deficiency
Lysyl oxidase
requires copper for
proper function. This
enzyme cross-links
tropocollagen into
strong collagen
fibrils.
Lead to weakened
bones and cartilage
21. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Also called brittle bone disease, inherited as AD disorder
due to a lack of type I collagen.
90% of cases due to mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes.
A least nine different types of OI.
Type I ( most common type ): Collagen is of normal quality but produced in insufficient
quantities. Associated with easy fractures,Slight spinal curvature,Loose joints ,Poor
muscle tone Discoloration of the sclera
Type II (the most lethal) ; Collagen is not of a sufficient quality or quantity.
Severe respiratory problems due to underdeveloped lungs
Severe bone deformity and small stature .Most cases die within the first year of life
due to respiratory failure or intracerebral hemorrhage
Type III ( progressive and deforming) : Enough collagen is made but it is defective.
Bones fracture easily, sometimes even before birth Bone deformity, often severe
Respiratory problems possible Short stature, spinal curvature and sometimes barrel-
shaped rib cage Triangular face ,Loose joints ,discoloration of sclera
Type IV : deforming, but with normal sclerae most of the time
22.
23. ehlers danlos syndrome
13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, with a
significant overlap in features.
Classical EDS
extremely elastic , fragile skin and bruises easily
wide atrophic scars (flat or depressed scars)
joint hypermobility. and spheroids (fat-containing cysts on forearms
and shins)
Hypermobile EDS
joint hypermobility affecting both large and small joints
recurrent joint dislocations and subluxations ,
soft, smooth and velvety skin with easy bruising
chronic pain of the muscles and/or bones
Dermatosparaxis EDS
extremely fragile skin leading to severe bruising and scarring
saggy, redundant skin, especially on the face
Brittle Cornea Syndrome (BCS) characterized by thin cornea, early
onset progressive keratoglobus and blue sclera
24. Vascular EDS
thin, translucent skin ,fragile and bruise easily
Arteries and certain organs such as intestines tend to
rupture.
short stature; thin scalp hair; and large eyes thin nose, and
lobeless ears.
Joint hypermobility confined to the small joints .
Other common features include club foot; tendon and/or
muscle rupture; acrogeria
Kyphoscoliosis EDS -
severe hypotonia at birth, progressive scoliosis (present from birth),
scleral fragility , unusually small corneas; and osteopenia (low
bone density).
"marfanoid habitus" characterized by long, slender fingers
(arachnodactyly); unusually long limbs; and a sunken chest (pectus
excavatum) or protruding chest (pectus carinatum)
25.
26. Genetic mutation of some specific collagens
Collagen VII (AD/AR) : DYSTROPHIC EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA
EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA ACQUISITA
BULLOUS SLE
COLLAGEN XVII (AR) : JUNCTIONAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA
COLLAGEN TYPE IV( BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISORDERS)
alpha3 chain mutation or antibody: GOOD PASTURE SYNDROME
alpha5 chain mutation or antibody : ALPORT SYNDROME
28. DISORDERS OF EXCESS SYNTHESIS AND
DEPOSITION OF COLLAGEN
1 . Keloids and hypertrophic scars
TGF-β signaling pathway
Presence of α1-globulin inhibits
collagenase
2. Dermatofibroma
3. connective tissue collagenoma
a/w increased collagen synthesis with
vertical orientation
multiple papular connective tissue nevus
especially on trunk and upper extremeties
4.SCLERODEMA and other autoimmune
connective tissue disorders
29. PLACE OF COLLAGEN IN AESTHETICS AND COSMETIC
DERMATOLOGY
The advent of various aesthetics procedures has changed the face of Modern
Dermatology
Procedures commonly in vogue are augumentation/voluminizing by Fillers ,
dermabrasion, chemical peeling, BOTOX treatment , liposuction ,etc.
Of note fillers in the form of hyaluronic acid ,PMMA, PLLA and Collagen are
being used to treat fine lines and coarse wrinkles
Collagen fillers in form of human collagen ,COSMODERM and COSMOPLAST .
Collagen also used as a gel in wound healing and as a scaffold for bone graft
Hydolysed collagen is used as a supplement to promote healthy skin and bones.
30. AGEING ?......... WHY?
THE CAUSE :
1.FAILURE OF INTRINSIC ANTIOXIDATIVE MECHANISM
2. ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES
3. TELOMERE SHORTENING
4. DECREASED SYNTHESIS AND INCREASED DERADATION OF
COLLAGEN
Visible skin ageing occurs due to collagen degradation because of imbalance
between MMPs/COLLAGENASES and synthesis of collagen
We can only fantasize to reverse ageing like the reverse ageing of BENJAMIN
BUTTON of the movie “THE CURIOUS CASE OF BENJAMIN BUTTON “
Human efforts can only delay the Inevitable – senescence onto death