Depreciation is allocating the cost of plant and equipment over its useful life. It is a non-cash expense that allows the decreasing value of a capital asset to be deducted from taxes. There are several methods to calculate depreciation including straight-line, units-of-production, and accelerated methods. Partial year depreciation must also be calculated if an asset is placed into service during an accounting period.
1. DEPRECIATION CONCEPT OBJECTIVES CAUSES DEPRECIATION METHODS vikas vadakara
2. CONCEPT Depreciation is the cost of lost usefulness or cost of diminution of service yield from a use of fixed assets. A permanent fall in the value of fixed assets arising through wear and tear from the use of those assets in business. vikas vadakara
3. Definition “Depreciation is a measure of the wearing out, consumption or other loss of value of depreciation asset arising from use, efflux ion of time or obsolescence through technology and market changes. Depreciation is allocated so as to charge a fair proportion of the depreciable amount in each accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. Depreciation includes amortization of assets whose useful life is predetermined.” vikas vadakara
4. objectives To calculate proper profits. To show the asset at its reasonable value To maintain the original monetary investment of the asset intact. Provision of depreciation results in some incidental advantages also. To provide for replacement of an asset. Depreciation is permitted to be deducted from profits for tax purposes. vikas vadakara
1. DEPRECIATION CONCEPT OBJECTIVES CAUSES DEPRECIATION METHODS vikas vadakara
2. CONCEPT Depreciation is the cost of lost usefulness or cost of diminution of service yield from a use of fixed assets. A permanent fall in the value of fixed assets arising through wear and tear from the use of those assets in business. vikas vadakara
3. Definition “Depreciation is a measure of the wearing out, consumption or other loss of value of depreciation asset arising from use, efflux ion of time or obsolescence through technology and market changes. Depreciation is allocated so as to charge a fair proportion of the depreciable amount in each accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. Depreciation includes amortization of assets whose useful life is predetermined.” vikas vadakara
4. objectives To calculate proper profits. To show the asset at its reasonable value To maintain the original monetary investment of the asset intact. Provision of depreciation results in some incidental advantages also. To provide for replacement of an asset. Depreciation is permitted to be deducted from profits for tax purposes. vikas vadakara
Some basic information about depreciation is given with its features, some methods of its calculation of depreciation with examples are provided.
I tried my best to explain this much to you.
Thank you so much.
Meaning
Features of depreciation
Causes of depreciation
Need & importance of depreciation
Factors determining the amount of depreciation
Methods of allocating depreciation
Illustration
Exercise
Some basic information about depreciation is given with its features, some methods of its calculation of depreciation with examples are provided.
I tried my best to explain this much to you.
Thank you so much.
Meaning
Features of depreciation
Causes of depreciation
Need & importance of depreciation
Factors determining the amount of depreciation
Methods of allocating depreciation
Illustration
Exercise
https://youtu.be/j1p7LVmg9tg
Watch the complete video lecture in Hindi/Urdu via the above link.
The ppt discusses the depreciation concepts along with different methods to calculate it for specific years. Numerical problems have been solved here in this regard.
#depreciation
#depreciationaccounting
#accounts
Different Types of Depreciation MethodsBaqirsiddique
straight-line depreciation
The straight line method is the simplest method of depreciation in which every year a fixed amount is written off as depreciation from the value of the Asset.
There are some common factors on which their calculation depends. These factors are listed below.
According to the Diminishing Balance Method, depreciation is charged at a fixed percentage on the book value of the asset. As the book value reduces every year, it is also known as the Reducing Balance Method or Written-down Value Method.
if you have any issue contact with me
My mail address
baqiralisiddique@gmail.com
Complete presentation of chapter 8 "Analysis of Long-Lived Assets: Analysis of Depreciation & Impairment" from "Analysis and Use of Financial Statement by White & Sondhi Edition 3
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Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
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➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
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➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
2. Diagrammatic description of depreciation
Cost of a plant asset Balance Sheet
Assets:
Plant and
equipment
As services are received
Income
Statement
Revenue:
Expenses:
Depreciation
3. Depreciation
– The allowance for wear and tear on equipment and
machinery
– Amount of decreasing value in a capital asset allowed to
be deducted from a business tax return
– Cost Recovery
– Depreciation is a non-cash expense on your schedule F
(farm profit or loss statement)
• Depreciable property can be either tangible or
intangible
4. Depreciation
– The allowance for wear and tear on equipment and
machinery
– Amount of decreasing value in a capital asset allowed to
be deducted from a business tax return
– Cost Recovery
– Depreciation is a non-cash expense on your schedule F
(farm profit or loss statement)
• Depreciable property can be either tangible or
intangible
5. Intangible Depreciable Property
• Purchased property that has value that you
cannot readily see or touch
– Computer Software
– Copyrights, patents, etc
6. What cannot be depreciated?
• Property placed into service and disposed of in the
same year.
• Land (land can never be depreciated)
• Inventory
– You cannot depreciate property held for resale in the
normal course of business
• Leased property
– The value of the lease is already showing up as a rental
expense
7. When depreciation begins & ends?
• Begins
– When you “place the property in service”.
– When it is ready and available for a specific use in the business
• Example
– When it was bought for the business
• Ends
– When the cost of the item has been recovered or when it is retired
from service, whichever happens first
• Example
– When it is sold or is not longer useable
8. Causes Of Depreciation
There are three major causes of depreciation;
Physical deterioration:
It results from the use of asset-wear and tear
and the action of elements.
Inadequacy of a plant asset:
It is the inability of an asset to meet future
needs because it doesn’t provide sufficient
product or services.
9. Obsolescence:
It is the decline in usefulness of an asset due to
inventions and technological advancements.
10. Methods Of Depreciation
1 straight-Line Method
In this method an equal amount of the cost of
plant asset is charged to each accounting
period.
it can be determined as
Depreciation Per period =
Asset cost – Estimated salvage value
Number of accounting periods in estimated
useful life
11. Contd……
Example:
Let us consider the asset of cost = 54,000
Estimated salvage value = 4,000
Number of accounting periods = 10 years
Putting the values in the formula
54,000-4,000/10 year = 5,000 per year
12. End Of Year Depreciation
Expense Dr ;
Accumulated
Depreciation Cr
Total
Accumulated
Depreciation
Book Value
Rs.54,000
1 5,000 5,000 49,000
2 5,000 10,000 44,000
3 5,000 15,000 39,000
4 5,000 20,000 34,000
5 5,000 25,000 29,000
6 5,000 30,000 24,000
7 5,000 35,000 19,000
8 5,000 40,000 14,000
9 5,000 45,000 9,000
10 5,000 50,000 4,000
Rs.50,000
13. 2.Units-of-Production(Output) Method
• It assigns equal amount of depreciation to
each unit of product manufactured or
service rendered by an asset.
• This method is based on physical output.
• It is applied in situation where usage rather
than obsolescence leads to the demise of
asset.
14. Contd…
The formula to calculate depreciation under this
method is given as under;
Depreciation per unit = Asset cost- Estimated
salvage value ÷ Estimated total units of production
Depreciation per period = 〔Depreciation per
unit× Number of units of goods or services
provided〕
Example :
54,000-4,000÷50,000 = 1 per unit
15. 3.Accelerated Depreciation Methods:
In this method higher amounts of depreciation
are recorded during the early year of an asset's
life while lower amounts are recorded in later
years of an asset.
Reasons for the use of this method:
1. The value of the benefits received from the
asset decline with age.
2. The asset is a high technology asset subject
to rapid obsolescence.
3. Repairs increase substantially in the asset's
later year.
16. Types of accelerated depreciation
method
It has of two types;
1. Sum-of-the-years-digits method(SOYD)
It adds the consecutive digits for each year of an
asset's estimated life together and uses that as
the denominator of a friction.
17. Contd…..
The formula is
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
= 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 ÷ 𝑆𝑂𝑌𝐷
× 〔𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 〕
Example
Let us consider the useful life of an asset is 10
years
SOYD will be calculated as
SOYD = n (n+1) = 10(10+1)/2 = 55
2
19. Double declining balance method
• To apply the double-declining-balance (DDB) method,
calculate the straight-line depreciation rate.
• ie divide 100% by the number of useful life,
• Eg 100%/5 20%,
• Then multiply that rate by 2
• 20% × 2 = 40%
• Next, apply, the DDB rate to the assets book value.
• Ignore salvage value.
• The formula is = [2× straight line rate × asset cost –
accumulated depreciation]
20. Illustration Of Double-Declining-Balance
(DDB) Depreciation Schedule
Depreciation expense Dr ;
Accumulated Depreciation Cr
Total
Accumulated
depreciation
Book
Value
1 20 % of 54,000 = Rs 10,800 10,800 43,200
2 20 % of 43,200 = Rs 8,640 19,440 34,560
3 20 % of 34,560 = Rs 6,912 26,352 27,648
4 20 % of 27,648= Rs 5,530 31,882 22,648
5 20 % of 22,118 = Rs 4,424 36,306 17,694
6 20 % of 17,694 = Rs 3,359 39,845 14,155
7 20 % of 14,155= Rs 2,831 42,676 11,324
8 20 % of 11324= Rs 2,265 44,941 9,059
9 20 % of 9,059= Rs 1,812 46,753 7,247
10 20 % of 7,247 = Rs 1,449 48,202 5,798
21. Modified accelerated cost recovery
system (MACRS)
• Companies used some time a particular type
of depreciation for tax purposes known as
Modified accelerated cost recovery system.
• Under this method, a company uses one of
the eight classes for recovery purposes.
• For example, next slide
23. Year Depreciation
Calculation Using
Formula
Calculation Using Table
2009 $20 million $100 × 1/5 × 200% × 0.5 $100 million × 20%
2010 $32 million
($100 − $20) × 1/5 ×
200%
$100 million × 32%
2011 $19.2 million
($100 − $20 − $32
million) × 1/5 × 200%
$100 million × 19.2%
2012 $11.52 million
($100 − $20 − $32 −
$19.2) × 1/5 × 200%
$100 million × 11.52%
2013 $11.52 million (Note A) $100 million × 11.52%
2014 $5.76 million
$11.52 million × 0.5
(Note B)
$100 million × 5.76%
24. Partial depreciation
• So far we have discussed depreciation by putting the asset
into service at the beginning of the accounting period.
• what if, we put the asset into service during the accounting
period.
• when assets are acquired during an accounting period, the
first depreciation is for a partial year.
• Round off to the nearest full month, eg;
• If the asset is purchased on or before the 15th day of the
month, treat it as it were purchased on the first day of the
month.
• Or treat the asset in the following month 1st date if it was
purchased on 15th or after date.
25. Example
• To calculate partial year depreciation for each
of the four methods, consider a machine
which
• Cost = Rs 7,600 on sep 1, 1997
• Salvage value = Rs 400
• Useful life = 5 years
• Total unit of production = 25000
26. Straight line Method
• Partial year depreciation calculation is very easy
for straight line method
• For example
• The annual depreciation is = (7600-400)/5years =
Rs 1440
• The machine would operate for four months prior
to the end of accounting period, hence covering
one third of the year,
• The 1997, depreciation is Rs 1440× 1/3 = Rs 480
27. Units of production method
• No unusual computation is required to record
depreciation for the partial year
• Just multiply the depreciation charge per unit
by the unit produced.
• The charge for partial year will be less because
few unit of goods produced.
28. Units of production method
• No unusual computation is required to record
depreciation for the partial year
• Just multiply the depreciation charge per unit
by the unit produced.
• The charge for partial year will be less because
few unit of goods produced.
29. Sum of the years digits method
• Under this method, the computation is complex a little bit.
• Problems occur because the 12 months of the depreciation does
not correspond with the 12 month of financial statements.
• For example
• Depreciation for the four months of 1997 is
• (7600-400)× 5/15 × 1/3 = Rs 800.
• In 1998, the depreciation is recorded as follows;
• For the first two third of the year. (Rs 7,200 × 5/15 × 2/3) = Rs 1,600
• For the last one third of the year. (Rs 7,200 × 4/15 × 1/3) = Rs 640
• Total depreciation for the year 1998 = Rs 2240
30. Double declining balance method
• Under this method, it is relatively easy to
determine depreciation for a partial year and
then for subsequent full years.
• For example
• Partial year depreciation for 1997 is (Rs 7600 ×
0.4 × 1/3) = Rs 1,013.
• For subsequent years, use the regular procedure
for computation.
• eg 1998, depreciation would be = [(Rs 7600- Rs
1,013) × 0.4] = Rs 2,635.