Dental caries
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NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
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Dental caries
This document provides a summary of the history, etiology, histopathogenesis, and clinical types of dental caries. It discusses how caries has been viewed since ancient times, including early beliefs that worms caused decay. Archaeological evidence shows caries has affected humans for thousands of years. Major increases occurred with the rise of agriculture and sugar consumption. Current understanding identifies plaque bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and their acid byproducts as the primary causes of enamel demineralization and caries development. The document reviews various theories proposed over time and classifies caries according to location, extent, rate, and other features.
Etiology of malocclusion
This document discusses various classifications and causes of malocclusion. It begins by introducing Moyer's classification which categorizes etiology into heredity, development defects, trauma, physical agents, habits, diseases, and malnutrition. White and Gardiner's classification separates causes into dental base abnormalities, pre-eruption abnormalities, and post-eruption abnormalities. Graber's classification divides factors into general factors like heredity, environment, and local factors like anomalies in tooth number. The document then examines specific causes in greater detail such as heredity, congenital defects, environment, anomalies in tooth number including supernumerary teeth and missing teeth.
Zones of enamel and dentinal caries completed
The document summarizes the histopathology of dental caries in enamel and dentine. It describes the four zones seen in enamel caries: the translucent zone, dark zone, body of the lesion, and surface zone. It then discusses the five zones of dentine caries: the zone of sclerosis, zone of demineralization, zone of bacterial invasion, zone of destruction, and reactionary dentine. The zones represent areas of increasing demineralization and bacterial involvement as the caries progresses from enamel to dentine.
Detection and diagnosis of dental caries
Here's a presentation about how we can detect and diagnose the carious lesion.
Uploaded by; Dr. Ghaith Abdulhadi Al-Otaibi
College Of Dentistry
Dental Varnish
This document discusses dental varnishes. It begins by defining dental varnishes as thin liquid coatings applied to teeth that harden into protective films. It notes they are usually water- or solvent-based for easy application. The document outlines the main requirements for varnishes and their purposes, including protecting teeth from decay by releasing fluoride or antimicrobials, whitening teeth, and desensitizing sensitive areas. It describes different types of varnishes and application techniques. Key varnishes discussed include fluoride varnishes like Duraphat and Carex as well as desensitizing and antimicrobial options. The document reviews advantages of fluoride varnishes and concludes by summarizing a clinical study on treating sensitivity
Microbiology of Dental caries
Describe relationship between plaque and oral diseases
Describe role of plaque in development of caries
Define Dental Caries
Describe the aetiology and the role different factors play in ini4a4on and progression of the disease
Describe the role played by different microorganisms
Oral ulcersppt
This document discusses oral ulcers caused by various infectious and non-infectious conditions. It describes the clinical features and management of several specific conditions that can cause oral ulcers, including herpes simplex virus infections (primary and recurrent), varicella-zoster virus infections (chickenpox, herpes zoster), hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, tuberculosis, and syphilis. For each condition, it covers the presentation of oral ulcers, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Streptococcus mutans & other streptococci
Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium commonly found in dental plaque and is a primary cause of tooth decay. It produces enzymes that synthesize extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose, forming acids that demineralize tooth enamel and cause cavities. S. mutans is well-adapted to hard tooth surfaces and can live in dental plaque even without sugar present by using stored polysaccharides. It is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infective endocarditis. The document provides details on the classification, identification, pathogenic mechanisms, and role in dental caries of S. mutans.
Recommended
Dental caries
This document provides a summary of the history, etiology, histopathogenesis, and clinical types of dental caries. It discusses how caries has been viewed since ancient times, including early beliefs that worms caused decay. Archaeological evidence shows caries has affected humans for thousands of years. Major increases occurred with the rise of agriculture and sugar consumption. Current understanding identifies plaque bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and their acid byproducts as the primary causes of enamel demineralization and caries development. The document reviews various theories proposed over time and classifies caries according to location, extent, rate, and other features.
Etiology of malocclusion
This document discusses various classifications and causes of malocclusion. It begins by introducing Moyer's classification which categorizes etiology into heredity, development defects, trauma, physical agents, habits, diseases, and malnutrition. White and Gardiner's classification separates causes into dental base abnormalities, pre-eruption abnormalities, and post-eruption abnormalities. Graber's classification divides factors into general factors like heredity, environment, and local factors like anomalies in tooth number. The document then examines specific causes in greater detail such as heredity, congenital defects, environment, anomalies in tooth number including supernumerary teeth and missing teeth.
Zones of enamel and dentinal caries completed
The document summarizes the histopathology of dental caries in enamel and dentine. It describes the four zones seen in enamel caries: the translucent zone, dark zone, body of the lesion, and surface zone. It then discusses the five zones of dentine caries: the zone of sclerosis, zone of demineralization, zone of bacterial invasion, zone of destruction, and reactionary dentine. The zones represent areas of increasing demineralization and bacterial involvement as the caries progresses from enamel to dentine.
Detection and diagnosis of dental caries
Here's a presentation about how we can detect and diagnose the carious lesion.
Uploaded by; Dr. Ghaith Abdulhadi Al-Otaibi
College Of Dentistry
Dental Varnish
This document discusses dental varnishes. It begins by defining dental varnishes as thin liquid coatings applied to teeth that harden into protective films. It notes they are usually water- or solvent-based for easy application. The document outlines the main requirements for varnishes and their purposes, including protecting teeth from decay by releasing fluoride or antimicrobials, whitening teeth, and desensitizing sensitive areas. It describes different types of varnishes and application techniques. Key varnishes discussed include fluoride varnishes like Duraphat and Carex as well as desensitizing and antimicrobial options. The document reviews advantages of fluoride varnishes and concludes by summarizing a clinical study on treating sensitivity
Microbiology of Dental caries
Describe relationship between plaque and oral diseases
Describe role of plaque in development of caries
Define Dental Caries
Describe the aetiology and the role different factors play in ini4a4on and progression of the disease
Describe the role played by different microorganisms
Oral ulcersppt
This document discusses oral ulcers caused by various infectious and non-infectious conditions. It describes the clinical features and management of several specific conditions that can cause oral ulcers, including herpes simplex virus infections (primary and recurrent), varicella-zoster virus infections (chickenpox, herpes zoster), hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, tuberculosis, and syphilis. For each condition, it covers the presentation of oral ulcers, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Streptococcus mutans & other streptococci
Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium commonly found in dental plaque and is a primary cause of tooth decay. It produces enzymes that synthesize extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose, forming acids that demineralize tooth enamel and cause cavities. S. mutans is well-adapted to hard tooth surfaces and can live in dental plaque even without sugar present by using stored polysaccharides. It is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infective endocarditis. The document provides details on the classification, identification, pathogenic mechanisms, and role in dental caries of S. mutans.
Principles of preparation for cast restorations
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for cast restorations. It covers topics such as preparation path, apico-occlusal taper, circumferential tie features for intracoronal and extracoronal preparations, and auxiliary means of retention such as grooves, boxes, and pins. The key goals of preparation design are to provide maximum retention, resistance, and a definitive path of insertion and withdrawal for the restoration. Taper, bevels, flares, and other features are used to achieve an ideal relationship between the casting and tooth for a strong, durable restoration.
Cavity preparation class 1
General principles and designs of cavity preparation for Class I caries. By Ma. Hermie Culeen Barapon
Operative
1. The document compares amalgam and composite for Class I and Class II cavity preparations. Amalgam is more durable but less esthetic, while composite is more technique sensitive but offers better esthetics.
2. For Class I cavities, amalgam preparations include all pits and fissures while composite only replaces defective areas. Retention forms also differ between the materials.
3. For Class II cavities, the outline and retention forms for amalgam and composite preparations depend on factors like the extent of decay and location of contacts or fractures. Modified preparations are also described that are more conservative.
Labial bow Functions , Constructions , Types & Indications.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
CPITN INDEX (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)
Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIMS, BBSR-24
INTRODUCTION
CPITN was introduced by JUKKA AINAMO , DAVID BARMES , GORGE BEAGRIE , TERRY CUTRESS , JEAN MARTIN and JENNIFER SARDO-INFIRRI for Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI in 1982 .
Developed primarily to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs rather than determining past and present periodontal status i.e. recession of the gingival margin and alveolar bone .
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
PROCEDURE
SEXTANT
INDEX TEETH
INSTRUMENTS USED
CPITN PROBE
Introduced by WHO in 1978.
Weight: 5gms
Working force: 20-25 gms.
Designed for 2 purposes :
1. Measurement of pocket depth
2. Detection of Sub-gingival calculus
PROBING PROCEDURE
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
CALCULATION OF CPITN
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI)
This index is modification of CPITN.
SUMMARY
CPITN is a screening procedure for identifying actual and potential problems posed by periodontal diseases both in the community and in the individual, introduced in 1982.
The CPITN records the common treatable conditions namely,
- periodontal pockets
- gingival inflammation
- dental calculus
- other plaque retentive factors
CPITN PROBE (introduced by WHO in 1978) is used to measure of pocket depth & detect sub-gingival calculus.
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI) is the modification of CPITN which includes measurement of “loss of attachment”
Developmental disturbances shape, size and number of the teeth
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the size, shape, number and structure of teeth. Regarding size, it describes microdontia where teeth are smaller than normal, and macrodontia where teeth are larger. For shape, it discusses anomalies such as gemination, fusion, concrescence and dilaceration. It also covers rare formations like talon cusps, dens in dente and dens evaginatus. The number of teeth can be affected by complete anodontia where no teeth form, or supernumerary teeth where extra teeth are present. Radiographic and clinical features of each condition are provided along with potential causes and treatments.
Development of occlusion
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the neonatal period where gum pads are present, the primary dentition period where baby teeth erupt, the mixed dentition period where permanent teeth begin to replace primary teeth, and the permanent dentition period. Key aspects of each developmental period are outlined such as the sequence of tooth eruption, characteristics of different malocclusions, and compensatory mechanisms involved in the transition between dentitions. The document also introduces Andrews' seven keys to normal occlusion.
Dental caries
This document provides an overview of dental caries including its history, epidemiology, definitions, classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It discusses early concepts of the cause of caries including the worm theory and more recent understanding involving the interplay between oral bacteria, carbohydrates and the tooth surface leading to organic acid production and demineralization. Factors influencing caries development include the host, microflora, substrate and time of exposure.
Dental caries
This document provides an overview of dental caries, including its:
- History from ancient fossils to modern concepts
- Definitions from various sources
- Etiology and theories about its causes including microbial, chemical, and proteolytic theories
- Classification and factors related to susceptibility in the host like tooth morphology, position, and composition
Classification of rpd
This document provides an overview of various classification systems for partially edentulous arches. It discusses the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) classification system and the Index of Clinical and Keratinized (ICK) classification system in particular. The ACP system offers benefits like improved consistency, communication, education/research, and diagnosis. It classifies partially edentulous cases based on criteria like the location and extent of edentulous areas, condition of abutment teeth, occlusal scheme, and residual ridge.
Development of occlusion
The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It begins by defining occlusion and describing an ideal occlusion. It then outlines the major periods of occlusal development: the neonatal period involving gum pads in infants; the primary dentition period when baby teeth erupt; the mixed dentition period involving both primary and permanent teeth; and the permanent dentition period when all adult teeth erupt. Key processes discussed include tooth eruption sequences, transitions between dentition periods, and changes to the dental arches that allow proper alignment of teeth.
PATIENT EDUCATION, MOTIVATION & ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTIONS
The document discusses patient education, motivation, and oral hygiene instruction. It covers domains of learning, theories of motivation like the health belief model, and the process of behavioral change which involves factual education, practical demonstration, motivation, and reinforcement. Key aspects of patient education are discussed like the learning ladder, principles of learning, and changing a patient's attitude towards dental health. Methods of oral hygiene instruction like disclosing agents, toothbrushes, and interdental aids are also summarized.
Endodontic microbiology
1) Apical periodontitis is caused by microbial infection of the root canal system, usually after pulp necrosis. Bacteria are the primary cause, though fungi and archaea have also been implicated.
2) Bacteria enter the root canal system through caries, cracks, restorative procedures, or periodontal disease. They can also travel through dentinal tubules or directly expose the pulp.
3) Successful endodontic treatment aims to prevent or resolve apical periodontitis by thoroughly debriding and disinfecting the root canal system.
White Lesions of Oral Cavity - M. Abdelhamid
This presentation is a Detailed review of oral White lesions from a pathologic point of view. Hope it be useful.
Wedging technique
Wedges, Wedging technique, advantages, types of wedges, • single wedging technique • • wedg, double wedging
Microbiology of dental caries
This document summarizes the microbiology of dental caries. It defines caries as a chronic infection caused by normal oral bacteria metabolizing dietary carbohydrates. The main causative microbes are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Caries develops when acids produced by these bacteria in dental plaque demineralize enamel. Prevention focuses on reducing sugars, increasing fluoride, sealing pits/fissures, and controlling cariogenic bacteria through antimicrobials like chlorhexidine or replacement with probiotics.
infection control in dentistry
detail explanation about infection control in dental clinic , personal protective barrier technique and sterilization and disinfection
Classification of periodontal diseases
The document discusses the historical development and current classification of periodontal diseases. It outlines several past classification systems from the 19th century based on clinical characteristics to more recent systems from the late 20th century incorporating etiology and pathogenesis. The current 1999 classification system from the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions is explained in detail, categorizing diseases based on factors like plaque-induced vs. non-plaque induced gingival diseases, chronic vs. aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
Caries risk assessment ppt
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
Diseases of the Pulp
The document discusses diseases of the dental pulp. It begins with an introduction to the pulp, including its composition and role in tooth development. It then discusses the pathophysiology of pulpal disease, describing how noxious stimuli can lead to inflammation and necrosis by disrupting blood flow. Several classifications of pulpal diseases are presented, including those based on histopathology, clinical symptoms, and the World Health Organization framework. Etiological agents are explored, such as mechanical trauma, thermal or chemical insults, bacterial invasion, and idiopathic causes. Specific pulpal diseases like reversible and irreversible pulpitis are also mentioned.
Dental caries
The document discusses dental caries, including its etiology and classifications. It provides details on:
1) Dental caries is a progressive, subsurface demineralization of teeth caused by bacterial acids that leads to tooth decay.
2) Old and new theories on the etiology of dental caries including the roles of carbohydrates, microorganisms, acids, and dental plaque in the acidogenic/chemoparasitic theory.
3) Classifications of dental caries including based on nature of attack, progression, surfaces involved, direction of attack, number of surfaces, GV Black classification, location, and tissues involved.
Intercalated and Striated ducts
NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
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Principles of preparation for cast restorations
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for cast restorations. It covers topics such as preparation path, apico-occlusal taper, circumferential tie features for intracoronal and extracoronal preparations, and auxiliary means of retention such as grooves, boxes, and pins. The key goals of preparation design are to provide maximum retention, resistance, and a definitive path of insertion and withdrawal for the restoration. Taper, bevels, flares, and other features are used to achieve an ideal relationship between the casting and tooth for a strong, durable restoration.
Cavity preparation class 1
General principles and designs of cavity preparation for Class I caries. By Ma. Hermie Culeen Barapon
Operative
1. The document compares amalgam and composite for Class I and Class II cavity preparations. Amalgam is more durable but less esthetic, while composite is more technique sensitive but offers better esthetics.
2. For Class I cavities, amalgam preparations include all pits and fissures while composite only replaces defective areas. Retention forms also differ between the materials.
3. For Class II cavities, the outline and retention forms for amalgam and composite preparations depend on factors like the extent of decay and location of contacts or fractures. Modified preparations are also described that are more conservative.
Labial bow Functions , Constructions , Types & Indications.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
CPITN INDEX (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)
Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIMS, BBSR-24
INTRODUCTION
CPITN was introduced by JUKKA AINAMO , DAVID BARMES , GORGE BEAGRIE , TERRY CUTRESS , JEAN MARTIN and JENNIFER SARDO-INFIRRI for Joint working committee of the WHO and FDI in 1982 .
Developed primarily to survey and evaluate periodontal treatment needs rather than determining past and present periodontal status i.e. recession of the gingival margin and alveolar bone .
SCOPE AND PURPOSE
PROCEDURE
SEXTANT
INDEX TEETH
INSTRUMENTS USED
CPITN PROBE
Introduced by WHO in 1978.
Weight: 5gms
Working force: 20-25 gms.
Designed for 2 purposes :
1. Measurement of pocket depth
2. Detection of Sub-gingival calculus
PROBING PROCEDURE
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
CALCULATION OF CPITN
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI)
This index is modification of CPITN.
SUMMARY
CPITN is a screening procedure for identifying actual and potential problems posed by periodontal diseases both in the community and in the individual, introduced in 1982.
The CPITN records the common treatable conditions namely,
- periodontal pockets
- gingival inflammation
- dental calculus
- other plaque retentive factors
CPITN PROBE (introduced by WHO in 1978) is used to measure of pocket depth & detect sub-gingival calculus.
COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX (CPI) is the modification of CPITN which includes measurement of “loss of attachment”
Developmental disturbances shape, size and number of the teeth
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the size, shape, number and structure of teeth. Regarding size, it describes microdontia where teeth are smaller than normal, and macrodontia where teeth are larger. For shape, it discusses anomalies such as gemination, fusion, concrescence and dilaceration. It also covers rare formations like talon cusps, dens in dente and dens evaginatus. The number of teeth can be affected by complete anodontia where no teeth form, or supernumerary teeth where extra teeth are present. Radiographic and clinical features of each condition are provided along with potential causes and treatments.
Development of occlusion
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the neonatal period where gum pads are present, the primary dentition period where baby teeth erupt, the mixed dentition period where permanent teeth begin to replace primary teeth, and the permanent dentition period. Key aspects of each developmental period are outlined such as the sequence of tooth eruption, characteristics of different malocclusions, and compensatory mechanisms involved in the transition between dentitions. The document also introduces Andrews' seven keys to normal occlusion.
Dental caries
This document provides an overview of dental caries including its history, epidemiology, definitions, classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It discusses early concepts of the cause of caries including the worm theory and more recent understanding involving the interplay between oral bacteria, carbohydrates and the tooth surface leading to organic acid production and demineralization. Factors influencing caries development include the host, microflora, substrate and time of exposure.
Dental caries
This document provides an overview of dental caries, including its:
- History from ancient fossils to modern concepts
- Definitions from various sources
- Etiology and theories about its causes including microbial, chemical, and proteolytic theories
- Classification and factors related to susceptibility in the host like tooth morphology, position, and composition
Classification of rpd
This document provides an overview of various classification systems for partially edentulous arches. It discusses the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) classification system and the Index of Clinical and Keratinized (ICK) classification system in particular. The ACP system offers benefits like improved consistency, communication, education/research, and diagnosis. It classifies partially edentulous cases based on criteria like the location and extent of edentulous areas, condition of abutment teeth, occlusal scheme, and residual ridge.
Development of occlusion
The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It begins by defining occlusion and describing an ideal occlusion. It then outlines the major periods of occlusal development: the neonatal period involving gum pads in infants; the primary dentition period when baby teeth erupt; the mixed dentition period involving both primary and permanent teeth; and the permanent dentition period when all adult teeth erupt. Key processes discussed include tooth eruption sequences, transitions between dentition periods, and changes to the dental arches that allow proper alignment of teeth.
PATIENT EDUCATION, MOTIVATION & ORAL HYGIENE INSTRUCTIONS
The document discusses patient education, motivation, and oral hygiene instruction. It covers domains of learning, theories of motivation like the health belief model, and the process of behavioral change which involves factual education, practical demonstration, motivation, and reinforcement. Key aspects of patient education are discussed like the learning ladder, principles of learning, and changing a patient's attitude towards dental health. Methods of oral hygiene instruction like disclosing agents, toothbrushes, and interdental aids are also summarized.
Endodontic microbiology
1) Apical periodontitis is caused by microbial infection of the root canal system, usually after pulp necrosis. Bacteria are the primary cause, though fungi and archaea have also been implicated.
2) Bacteria enter the root canal system through caries, cracks, restorative procedures, or periodontal disease. They can also travel through dentinal tubules or directly expose the pulp.
3) Successful endodontic treatment aims to prevent or resolve apical periodontitis by thoroughly debriding and disinfecting the root canal system.
White Lesions of Oral Cavity - M. Abdelhamid
This presentation is a Detailed review of oral White lesions from a pathologic point of view. Hope it be useful.
Wedging technique
Wedges, Wedging technique, advantages, types of wedges, • single wedging technique • • wedg, double wedging
Microbiology of dental caries
This document summarizes the microbiology of dental caries. It defines caries as a chronic infection caused by normal oral bacteria metabolizing dietary carbohydrates. The main causative microbes are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Caries develops when acids produced by these bacteria in dental plaque demineralize enamel. Prevention focuses on reducing sugars, increasing fluoride, sealing pits/fissures, and controlling cariogenic bacteria through antimicrobials like chlorhexidine or replacement with probiotics.
infection control in dentistry
detail explanation about infection control in dental clinic , personal protective barrier technique and sterilization and disinfection
Classification of periodontal diseases
The document discusses the historical development and current classification of periodontal diseases. It outlines several past classification systems from the 19th century based on clinical characteristics to more recent systems from the late 20th century incorporating etiology and pathogenesis. The current 1999 classification system from the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions is explained in detail, categorizing diseases based on factors like plaque-induced vs. non-plaque induced gingival diseases, chronic vs. aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
Caries risk assessment ppt
This document discusses caries risk assessment tools and factors. It introduces several tools used to assess caries risk: the Caries Risk Assessment Tool (CAT), Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), Cariogram, and the Traffic Light Matrix. It describes the various factors each tool considers like biological factors, protective factors, clinical findings, plaque, specific microbes, diet, eating patterns, and saliva. The goal of these tools is to improve oral health by introducing preventive measures before irreversible lesions develop based on a patient's caries risk level and factors.
Diseases of the Pulp
The document discusses diseases of the dental pulp. It begins with an introduction to the pulp, including its composition and role in tooth development. It then discusses the pathophysiology of pulpal disease, describing how noxious stimuli can lead to inflammation and necrosis by disrupting blood flow. Several classifications of pulpal diseases are presented, including those based on histopathology, clinical symptoms, and the World Health Organization framework. Etiological agents are explored, such as mechanical trauma, thermal or chemical insults, bacterial invasion, and idiopathic causes. Specific pulpal diseases like reversible and irreversible pulpitis are also mentioned.
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Developmental disturbances shape, size and number of the teeth
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The document discusses dental caries, including its etiology and classifications. It provides details on:
1) Dental caries is a progressive, subsurface demineralization of teeth caused by bacterial acids that leads to tooth decay.
2) Old and new theories on the etiology of dental caries including the roles of carbohydrates, microorganisms, acids, and dental plaque in the acidogenic/chemoparasitic theory.
3) Classifications of dental caries including based on nature of attack, progression, surfaces involved, direction of attack, number of surfaces, GV Black classification, location, and tissues involved.
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NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
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032. periodontal surgery
Periodontal surgery is classified as either pocket reduction surgery, which includes resective and regenerative techniques, or correction of anatomic defects like gingival recession or ridge augmentation. Key indications for periodontal surgery include deep pockets, furcation involvement, and persistent inflammation. Contraindications include advanced age, uncontrolled systemic diseases, and poor prognosis cases. General principles involve patient preparation, careful technique, and postoperative monitoring.
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039.splints in periodontal therapy
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3. Principles of splinting include including healthy teeth, splinting around the arch, and ensuring proper plaque control and occlusion. Splints distribute forces and are indicated to stabilize mobility and trauma, but can hamper hygiene and unevenly distribute forces if not fabricated properly.
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Differences Between Initial Carious Lesion And Mild Fluorosis
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Denatal caries - Tooth Decay
Dental caries is caused by acid-producing bacteria in dental plaque that metabolize sugars from the diet. As the bacteria lower the pH, minerals are dissolved from tooth enamel and dentin, leading to cavitation. The primary bacteria involved are mutans streptococci. Risk factors include frequency of sugar consumption. Early lesions appear as white spots on smooth surfaces or pits and fissures. Untreated, caries progresses through enamel and into dentin, forming zones of demineralization and bacterial invasion.
Denatal caries - Tooth decay
Dental caries is caused by acid-producing bacteria in dental plaque that metabolize sugars from the diet. As the bacteria lower the pH, minerals are dissolved from tooth enamel and dentin, leading to cavitation. The primary bacteria involved are mutans streptococci. Risk factors include frequent sugar consumption. Early lesions appear as white spots on smooth surfaces or pits and fissures. Untreated, caries progresses through enamel and into dentin, forming zones of demineralization and bacterial invasion.
1_Module_1__Introduction_to_Cariology_The_Dental_Caries_Process_and_its_Etiol...
The document provides an introduction to dental caries (tooth decay) as a disease. It defines dental caries according to various authors and organizations. Caries results from an imbalance between tooth mineral and biofilm fluid that causes demineralization of enamel and dentin. Key factors that contribute to this imbalance are the host tooth surface, carbohydrates as a substrate for oral bacteria, the oral biofilm, and time. However, not all individuals with teeth and a biofilm who consume carbohydrates will develop caries, as several risk and protective factors can modify the caries process, such as saliva composition and flow, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, and diet.
histopathologymicrobiologyofdentalcaries-130716142530-phpapp02 (1).pptx
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Histopathology & microbiology of dental caries
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Dental caries and periodontal diseases.ppt
1. Dental plaque is a biofilm that develops on teeth and comprises living and dead bacteria and their products embedded in an organic matrix. The microbial composition of plaque varies between individuals and locations in the mouth.
2. Gingivitis is a reversible form of periodontal disease caused by dental plaque. It involves inflammation of the gingiva without loss of attachment to the tooth. The gingiva become red, swollen and bleed easily but are not painful. Early plaque is dominated by streptococci while established lesions contain increased levels of anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas and Prevotella.
3. Dental caries is caused by acid-producing plaque bacteria metabolizing ferment
Dental caries ouyang
This document provides information about dental caries (tooth decay). It defines dental caries, describes the carious process and pathological changes involved. It discusses the epidemiology of dental caries, including prevalence, incidence, and indices used to measure caries activity. Risk factors for dental caries like location and surface of teeth are presented. The roles of microorganisms, substrates, teeth susceptibility, and time in the development of caries are explained. Details about dental plaque as the medium for caries development are provided.
Dental Caries ; A Presentation by- MunabbiR
Dental caries, or tooth decay, is a microbial disease caused by bacteria in the mouth that leads to demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin. Key factors for development of caries include cariogenic bacteria, bacterial plaque, fermentable carbohydrates, and susceptible tooth surfaces. Symptoms may include tooth sensitivity, pain, and visible cavities. Diagnosis involves visual examination and sometimes x-rays. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fillings, root canals, extractions, or replacements like bridges or implants. Maintaining good oral hygiene through regular brushing and cleanings can help prevent caries.
Dental_caries2020.pptjhjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
This document discusses dental caries (tooth decay). It describes caries as a multifactorial, sugar-dependent infectious disease caused by an interaction between bacteria in dental plaque and fermentable carbohydrates. Certain bacteria like Streptococcus mutans are especially adept at producing acid from sugars, which demineralizes tooth enamel over time if remineralization does not match demineralization. Factors that influence the development of caries include diet, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, tooth structure, and flow of protective saliva. The document provides details on the etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors involved in the development of dental caries.
Dental caries
Diagnosis, methods of detection, types, classification, etiology, progression of dental caries in enamel and dentin.
Dental caries ppt
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in dental plaque that produce acids which demineralize tooth structure. The most common bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli. There are several theories for how dental caries progresses, but it is now accepted that acids produced by bacteria lower the pH and cause the enamel and dentin to demineralize. Dental caries can affect the pits and fissures of teeth, smooth surfaces, or root surfaces. It is classified based on location, rate of progression, extent of damage, and other factors. Histologically, dental caries progresses through zones in enamel and dentin as the mineral content is reduced by acid attacks from bacteria.
Dental caries
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between oral bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and tooth surfaces over time. Miller's chemico-parasitic theory is the most widely accepted explanation of the etiology. It states that acids produced by oral bacteria from carbohydrates lead to enamel demineralization and destruction. Clinical presentation varies and includes pit and fissure caries, smooth surface caries, and root caries. Histologically, caries progresses through zones of demineralization and remineralization in both enamel and dentin. Prevention focuses on modifying the oral environment, bacteria, and substrate to reduce acid production and demineralization.
Dental caries 1
Dental caries, also known as cavities, are caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acid, which demineralizes tooth enamel over time. The main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. These bacteria live in dental plaque on the teeth. Factors like frequent sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and low saliva flow can promote the growth of these cariogenic bacteria and lead to tooth decay. Other contributors include tooth anatomy, acid erosion, and lack of fluoride exposure.
Dental caries
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids, leading to demineralization of tooth enamel over time. The four main factors that contribute to dental caries are: 1) certain microorganisms in the mouth, 2) carbohydrates that the bacteria feed on, 3) individual risk factors like tooth structure or saliva, and 4) prolonged exposure time allowing the factors to interact. Early symptoms include discolored spots on teeth that can develop into cavities if left untreated. Treatment ranges from fillings for superficial cavities to root canals if infection has spread deeper. Regular brushing, fluoride use, and limiting sugary foods can help prevent dental caries.
CARIOLOGY
This seminar includes classifcation,etiopathogenesis,Various theories of dental caries,caries patterns in primary and permanent teeth,Caries pattern in adolescets followed by caries risk assessment,CAMBRA,Differences between nursing bottle and rampant cariess,diagnosis which included the advanced digital diagnostic methods like diagnodent,QLF,etc and management with age specific management and flouride therapy age wise .
Caries microbiology
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries is an epidemic, microbiological contagious disease of the teeth that ends in localized dissolution and damage of the calcified structure of the teeth. ... The time factor is significant for the commencement and development of caries in teeth.
Dental caries
Dental caries is a progressive bacterial disease that causes damage to teeth. It is caused by bacteria in dental plaque that produce acid by fermenting sugars from the diet. This acid causes demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth decay, pain, and potentially serious systemic infections.
Oral microfolora
The document discusses the oral microbiota and its role in various oral diseases. It begins with an introduction to oral microbiology and a brief history. It then describes the normal microbial flora of the oral cavity including bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Several key bacteria associated with dental diseases like dental caries and periodontal disease are mentioned. The document also discusses the development of oral flora from infancy to adulthood. Various diseases caused by oral microbes like dental plaque, caries, periodontitis and endodontic infections are summarized. Sample collection and diagnostic methods for oral pathogens are also outlined.
Dental Caries
The document defines dental caries as a disease caused by bacteria in the mouth that ferment dietary carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel and destroys tooth structure. The major factors contributing to dental caries are certain bacteria like Streptococcus mutans; dental plaque that allows bacteria to adhere to teeth; saliva, which can increase the cariogenic effect while also helping to clean teeth; and consumption of fermentable carbohydrates like sugars, which feed the bacteria. The microbiology section notes that the main bacteria involved are streptococci and lactobacilli, while other bacteria like actinomyces may also play a role.
DENTAL CARIES
Dental caries is caused by demineralization of tooth structure due to acid produced by oral bacteria. It is characterized by loss of both inorganic and organic components of the tooth. Dental caries has been defined and classified in various ways based on factors such as the anatomical site, severity, tissue involvement, number of surfaces affected, and chronology. The key etiological factors include the presence of cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, a susceptible tooth substrate, and a cariogenic diet. Secondary factors like time, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization, and saliva also influence the development of dental caries.
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- 1. *Definition: Caries calcified tissues of the teeth are modified and dissolved. By mainly Streptococcus mutans . *Dental caries stages *Demineralization And Remineralization reach the • tooth's pulp. reaches into the • dentin, where it can spread and undermine the enamel. •Enamel starts to break down. (Irreversible lesion). demineralization • of enamel layer by microbial acids. (Reversible lesion) 1st stage (white spots) 2nd stage (Enamel decay) 4th stage (Pulp involvement) 3rd stage (Dentin decay) Caries sites Pit-and-fissure caries Smooth-surface caries . Root caries
- 2. *Main Factors Involved In Dental Caries Teeth: the microbe challenges a susceptible surface on some areas of the tooth to attack than other that related to many factor position and morphology of teeth. Microorganism : S mutans considered the caries initiator Diet : most cariogenic sugar is sucrose Acidogenic bacteria •S viridance as S mutans. •Lactobacillus sp. Proteolytic bacteria •Actinomyces sp. •Colistridia sp. •Pseudomonas sp. Chromogenic bacteria •Asprigillus sp. Ability to adhere to the tooth surface )colonization). Production of glucans and other polysaccharides to plaque accumulation. Production of acids to Production of acids Tolerate the low pH values.
- 3. Adherence factors (adhesins as pili). Invasive factors e.g TB as the organism produces disease by invasion of tissues. Ability to survive intracellularly as Neisseria sp. Toxic production as Dephtheria, the organism multiplies locally in the throat but releases strong toxin diffuses to the blood. _______________________________________________________ Important bacteria in caries Streptococcus mutans. Lactobacilli sp Actinomyces sp. ____________________________________________________ Initial attachment to tooth surfaces Virulence factors of S mutans Acid tolerance Acid production Polysaccharide production (1) Extrusion of H+ (2) Malolactic fermentation (3) Alternation of cell (4) Production of ammonia energy source plaque accumulation. metabolize a variety of sugars,resulting in the production of a number of weak acids. Initiators of smooth surface caries. There is an outer fibrillar layer its function include : -Attachment to salivary pellicle. -Adhere to colonizing streptococci.
- 4. • The role of saliva in caries Formation of acquired enamel pellicle. The role of saliva in caries Washing effect of saliva. Antibacterial substances. Salivary antibodies. Buffering effect of saliva. DONE BE : Ghadeer Hassan