direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
Gypsum products-a topic of dental materials for dental students....
lots of knowledge...includes classification,uses,manufacturing processes etc.
COURTESY: My college friends....
It occurs when a hard, rough surface slides along a softer surface and cuts a series of grooves.
The wearing away of a substance or structure through a mechanical process, such as grinding, rubbing or scraping .
Polishing is production of smooth mirror like surface without use of any external form.
direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
Gypsum products-a topic of dental materials for dental students....
lots of knowledge...includes classification,uses,manufacturing processes etc.
COURTESY: My college friends....
It occurs when a hard, rough surface slides along a softer surface and cuts a series of grooves.
The wearing away of a substance or structure through a mechanical process, such as grinding, rubbing or scraping .
Polishing is production of smooth mirror like surface without use of any external form.
Finishing & Polishing Materials by Dr Rashid HassanDr Rashid Hassan
A comprehensive lecture on finishing and polishing materials by Dr Rashid Hassan covering all the aspects of the topic from basic concepts to the applications in dentistry.
For more lectures on different topics of Dental Materials by Dr Rashid visit and follow Dr Rashid lectures on Dental Materials on Facebook (dmbydrrashid)
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Abrasive and polishing agents/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Abrasives and polishing agents of dentistryshari kurup
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF ABRASION
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CUTTING, GRINDING & POLISHING METHODS
DESIGN OF ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF ABRASIVES
STEPS IN FINISHING & POLISHING
POLISHING INSTRUMENTS
NON ABRASIVE POLISHING
FINISHING & POLISHING PROCEDURES IN DIFFERENT RESTORATIONS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF THE FINISHING PROCEDURE
CONTRA INDICATIONS OF POLISHING
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
3. Abrasion
Abrasion is the process of wear on the surface of one
material by another material by scratching, gouging,
chiseling, tumbling, or other mechanical means
The wearing away of a substance or structure (such
as the skin or the teeth) through some unusual or
abnormal mechanical process
-GPT 8
4. Harder material comes into frictional contact with the
substrate
Contact generates tensile and shear stresses
Break atomic bonds
Substrate particles are removed
6. • Non bonded abrasives
• Abrasive particles are free
Eg - dental prophylaxis paste
7. • Wear caused by hard particles impacting a
substrate surface, carried by a stream of liquid
or stream of air. Eg. Sand blasting a surface
• Chemical erosion
Acid etching
Enhance bonding
8. Cutting
• Use of any instrument in a bladelike fashion
• Regularly arranged blades that remove small
shavings of the substrate
• Unidirectional cutting pattern
9. Grinding
• Removes small particles of a substrate through
the action of bonded or coated abrasive
instruments
• Predominantly unidirectional
• Innumerable unidirectional scratches
• Eg: a diamond coated rotary instrument
10. Polishing
• Most refined of the finishing processes
• Multidirectional in its course of action
• Acts on an extremely thin region of the
substrate surface
• Use of progressively fine polishing media
• Final stage produces fine scratches - not
visible unless greatly magnified
12. Hardness
• Relates to durability of an abrasive
• Measure of a material’s ability to resist indentation
• Abrasive particle must be harder than the surface to be
abraded
• First ranking of hardness was published in 1820 by
Friedrich Mohs
• Knoop and Vickers hardness tests
14. • Sharp, irregular particle produces deeper abrasion than
rounder particle under equal applied force
• Numerous sharp edges - enhanced cutting efficiency
• Abrasion rate of an abrasive decreases with use
15. • Larger particles size, abrade a surface more rapidly
• Particles based on their size:
1. Coarse -100 µm to 500 µm,
2. Medium -10 µm to 100 µm,
3. Fine - 0 to 10 µm.
16. Greater force during finishing
Abrasive cut deeper into the surface
More rapid removal of material
Raise in temperature within the substrate
Distortion or physical changes within the
substrate
17. • Deeper and wider scratches are produced by
increasing the applied force from F1
and F2
19. • Minimize the heat buildup
• Facilitates removal of debris
• Cooling action and removal of debris enhances
the abrasion process.
• Water is the most common lubricant
• Eg. Water, glycerin or silicone
• Excess lubrication – prevent abrasive contact
20. • Abrasive Grits.
• Bonded Abrasives.
• Coated abrasive disks and strips
• Non bonded abrasives
21. • Derived from materials that have been crushed
and passed through a series of mesh screens
• Dental abrasive grits based on particle size are
• Coarse
• Medium coarse
• Medium
• Fine
• Superfine
22. • Abrasive particles are incorporated through a
binder to form grinding tool
• Particles are bonded by four general methods:
• Sintering
• Vitreous bonding
• Resinous bonding
• Rubber bonding (latex or silicon based)
23. 1. Bonded abrasives that tend to disintegrate
rapidly
• Used against a weak substrate
• Reduced instrument life
2. Abrasives that tend to degrade too slowly clog
with grinding debris
• Loss of abrasive efficiency, increased heat
generation, and increased finishing time
24. • Truing : abrasive instrument is run against a
harder abrasive block until the abrasive
instrument rotates in the hand piece without
eccentricity or runout when placed on a substrate.
26. • supplied as disks and finishing strips.
• Fabricated by securing abrasive particles to a flexible
backing material
• available in different diameters with thin and very thin
backings.
• Moisture – resistant backings are advantageous
27. Abrasive discs :
• Gross reduction, contouring, finishing, and
polishing of restoration surfaces
• Coated with aluminum oxide abrasive
Abrasive strips :
• With plastic or metal backing are available for
smoothening and polishing the interproximal
surfaces of direct and indirect bonded
restorations
28. • Polishing pastes - final polishing.
• Applied to substrate with a nonabrasive device
- synthetic foam , rubber, felt, or chamois cloth.
• Dispersed in water soluble medium such as
glycerin for dental appliances.
• Aluminium oxide and diamond
29. Based on surface removal
1. Cutting Instruments : Tungsten carbide
2. Bonded abrasive
• Diamonds
• Silicon carbide
• White stone
• Tripoli
• Rouge
34. • Semi translucent , light gray, siliceous
sedimentary rock.
• Contains microcrystalline quartz.
• Attached to metal shanks and trued
to various shapes
• Fine grinding of tooth enamel and
metal alloys
35. • Mineral forms of calcite.
• White abrasive composed of
calcium carbonate.
• Used as a mild abrasive paste to
polish tooth enamel, gold foil,
amalgam and plastic materials.
36. • Mineral form of aluminum
oxide
• Physical properties are
inferior to those of alpha
aluminum oxide.
• Grinding metal alloys
• A bonded abrasive in several
shapes.
• Used in instrument – White
stone
37. • Transparent colorless mineral
composed of carbon
• Superabrasive
• Supplied in several forms
• Bonded abrasive rotary
instruments
• Flexible metal backed abrasive
strips
• Diamond polishing pastes.
• Used on ceramic and resin based
composite materials
38. Bur type Color Grit size ISO no
Supercoarse Black ring 181μm 544
Coarse Green ring 151μm 534
Medium No ring 107-126μm 524
Fine Red ring 40μm 514
Superfine Yellow ring 20μm 504
Ultrafine White ring 15μm 494
39. • Natural form of an oxide of
aluminium
• Grayish- black corundum
• Coated abrasive disks
• Greater the content of alumina
- finer the grade of emery.
• Finishing metal alloys or
acrylic resin materials.
40. • Dark red, very hard .
• Comprise - silicates of Al, Co,
Mg, Fe, Mn
• Garnet is coated on paper or
cloth with glue.
• Fractured during grinding
sharp, chisel-shaped plates
• Grinding metal alloys or acrylic
resin materials.
41. • Highly siliceous material of
volcanic origin
• Powder-crushing pumice stone
• Abrasive action is not very high
• Polishing tooth enamel, gold foil,
dental amalgam and acrylic
resins
42. • Very hard, colorless, and
transparent.
• Crystalline particles are
pulverized to form sharp,
angular particles - coated
abrasive discs.
• Grinding tooth enamel and
finishing metal alloys.
43. • Predominantly composed of
silica.
• Particles represent a mixture of
color.
• Rounded to angular shape.
• Applied under air pressure to
remove refractory investment
materials
• Coated on to paper disks
44. • Derived from light weight, friable siliceous
sedimentary rock.
• Rock is ground and made into bars with soft binders
• Color- white/grey/pink/red/yellow.
• Grey and red types
• Polishing for metal alloys and some acrylic resins.
45. • Off -white mineral.
• Ground to various particle sizes - coated
abrasive disks and strips.
• Component of dental prophylaxis pastes
46. • Referred to as cuttle fish, cuttle bone, or cuttle.
• White calcareous powder
• Available as a coated abrasive
• Polishing of metal margins and amalgam
restorations.
47. • Siliceous remains of minute aquatic plants -
diatoms.
• Coarser form - diatomaceous earth
• Excellent mild abrasive
• Risk for respiratory silicosis caused by chronic
exposure
48. • Extremely hard abrasive and 1st synthetic abrasive
• Highly effective cutting of metal alloys, ceramics
and acrylic resin materials.
• Abrasive in coated disks and as vitreous - bonded
and rubber instruments.
49. • White powder
• used as bonded abrasives, coated abrasives and air
propelled abrasives.
• Finishing metal alloys, resin based composites and
ceramic materials.
• Pink and ruby variations- adding chromium compounds
50. • Consists of iron oxide, which is the fine red abrasive
component.
• Blended in to various soft binders in to a cake form.
• Used to polish high noble metal alloys.
51. • Extremely fine abrasive.
• Less abrasive than quartz.
• Polishing teeth and metallic
restorations in the mouth.
• Produces excellent polish of
enamel.
• Mixed with water or glycerin -
abrasive paste.
52. • Controllable, consistent size and shape.
• Resin bonded diamonds have sharp edges
• Larger synthetic diamond particles – greenish
• Blocks with embedded diamond particles –
truing other bonded abrasives
• Used primarily on tooth structure, ceramics and
resin based composites.
53. • Available as toothpaste, gels and powders.
• The abrasive concentrations in paste and gel
dentrifices are 50% to 75% lower than those of
powder dentrifices
• Function :
Abrasive and detergent action
Polish teeth
Act as vehicles
54. • removal of exogenous stains, pellicle, material
alba, and oral debris.
• contain moderately abrasive materials : pumice
• Silcon dioxide and zirconium silicate are used
• Applied to teeth through rubber cup on a slow
speed handpiece
55. Bulk reduction
• Removal of excess material
• Instruments - diamond, carbide and steel burs,
abrasive coated disks, or separating disks.
• 8 - 12 fluted carbide burs or abrasives with
particle size of 100µm or larger
56. Contouring
• Achieved during bulk reduction
• Finer instruments may be used
• Desired anatomy and margins must be
achieved.
• 12 - 16 fluted carbide burs or 30 - 100 µm sized
abrasive particles used
57. Finishing
• Introducing finer scratches to surface of substrate
• Provides a blemish free smooth surface.
• 18 - 30 flute carbide burs , fine and super fine
diamond burs, or abrasives between 8 and 20 µm
in size.
58. • Provides enamel like luster.
• Smaller particles provide smoother and shinier
surfaces
• Abrasives of 20 µm provide luster
• Importance of polishing dental restorations and teeth
• Less bacterial colonization
• Metallic restoration - prevention of tarnish and
corrosion
• Comfortable for the patient
59. • To promote oral health and function
• Enhance strength of the restorative surface
• To improve esthetics
60. • Obtain the desired anatomy, proper occlusion
• Reduction of roughness, and scratches.
• Smooth surface
• Resist bacterial adhesion and excessive plaque
accumulation.
61. • Heat generation during cutting and contouring ,
finishing and polishing procedures is a major
concern.
• To avoid adverse effects to the pulp, cool the
surface using air water spray and intermittent
contact.
62. • Rubber abrasive points.
• Fine particle disks and strips.
• Fine particle polishing pastes – applied with
soft felt points, muslin wheels, prophy cups or
buffing wheels.
67. Resin based composite restorations
• Most difficult to polish and finish
• Depends on fillers, preparation design, curing
effectiveness and the post curing time.
• Finishing & Polishing - in one direction only
• Should continue in a direction perpendicular to
the previous one.
68. • Slow speed hand piece should be used
• Contour with carbide burs, green stones, or heatless
stones.
• Finish with pink stones ( aluminum oxide) , or
medium grade abrasive impregnated rubber wheels
and points( brown and green)
• Apply fine abrasive- impregnated rubber wheels,
cups and points .
• Apply Tripoli or rouge with rag or leather wheels
69. • Critical area while polishing is the porcelain metal
junction
• Using an air water spray and maintaining
intermittent contact
• Several kits:Axis dental corp, Universal ceramic
polishers, Dialite
• Recommended polishing speed -10,000 rpm
• Polishing at 20,000 rpm reduces flexural strength of
ceramics
70. • Contour with tungsten carbide burs and sand
paper. Use a rubber point to remove the
scratches.
• Apply pumice with a rag wheel, felt wheel,
bristle brush or prophy cup.
• Apply Tripoli or a mixture of chalk and alcohol
with a rag wheel.
71. • Alternative to rotary instrument
cutting.
• High pressure stream of 25-
30µm Al2O3.
• ‘Air polishing’- controlled
delivery of air, water and
Sodium bicarbonate slurry.
72. • Cavity preparation
• Removal of defective restorations
• Endodontic access through porcelain crowns
• Minimal preparation to repair crown margins
• Superficial removal of stains
• Roughening of internal surfaces of indirect
porcelains or composite restorations
73. • Aerosols – silica based materials (smaller than
5µm)
• Silicosis or grinders disease
• Precautions -adequate water spray, suction
-eyeware ,facemasks
-proper ventilation
75. • The objective of this study was to compare both
qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of 4
chairside polishing kits (Exa Technique, Acrylic
Polisher HP blue, AcryPoint, Becht Polishing Cream) and
conventional laboratory polishing (Universal Polishing
Paste for Resins and Metals, Lesk Polishing Liquid) on 3
different types of acrylic resins: autopolymerizing, heat-
polymerizing, and injected heat-polymerizing resin
materials.
Kuhar M et al, Effects of polishing techniques on the surface roughness
of acrylic denture base resins, J Prosthet Dent, 2005;93(1):76-85
76. • The aim was to study the effect of three polishing
agents : pumice, universal polishing agent and
brite-O on the surface finish and hardness of two
types of acrylic material
• Universal polishing paste produced smoothest
surface
• Irrespective of resin type and polishing methods it
showed equal surface hardness.
Srividya S etal. Effect of different polishing agents on surface finish and
hardness on denture based acrylic resin : A comparative study IJOPRD,
2011, 1(1) 7-11
77. • The purpose of this laboratory study was to
evaluate three-body wear of three indirect
laboratory composite resins, five chair side bis-
acryl resin-based materials, and two chair side
methacrylate-based materials used to fabricate
provisional implant-supported restorations.
• The use of indirect composite resin is preferred
over chair side methacrylate-based materials
when the provisional implant supported restoration
has to be in service for a long period of time
Santing, H. J., Occlusal Wear of Provisional Implant-Supported
Restorations. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, April 2013
78. • To find out the correlation between the roughness of
diamonds and roughness created on dentin after
tooth preparation & to measure the surface
roughness of dentin after tooth preparation with
different grit sizes of diamond rotary instruments
• There is positive correlation (r = 0.93) between the
roughness of diamonds and roughness created on
the dentin
The effect of grit size of diamonds on the dentinal surface : Dr. Shivangi
Sinha
79. • Selection of correct grit size and their correct
sequence for tooth preparation has an influence
on the surface characteristics
• So completion of the tooth preparation with a
finishing bur appeared to be the method of
choice if a smooth tooth preparation surface is
preferred
The effect of grit size of diamonds on the dentinal surface : Dr. Shivangi
Sinha
80. • This study determined the two-body wear and
toothbrushing wear parameters, including gloss and
roughness measurements and additionally Martens
hardness, of nine aesthetic CAD/CAM materials, one
direct resin-based nano composite plus that of
human enamel as a control group.
• Zirconium dioxide ceramics showed no material
wear and low wear of the enamel antagonist.
Mörmann.W.H etal Wear characteristics of current aesthetic dental
restorative CAD/CAM materials: Two-body wear, gloss retention,
roughness and Martens hardness. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior
of Biomedical Materials ,2013, 20, 113–125
81. • Two-body wear of CAD/CAM-silicate and -lithium
disilicate ceramics, -hybrid ceramics and nano
composite as well as direct nano composite did not
differ significantly from that of human enamel
• Gloss retention was highest with zirconium dioxide
ceramics, silicate ceramics, hybrid ceramics and
nanocomposites.
• Temporary polymers showed least gloss retention
Mörmann.W.H etal Wear characteristics of current aesthetic dental restorative
CAD/CAM materials: Two-body wear, gloss retention, roughness and Martens
hardness. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ,2013,
20, 113–125
82.
83. Anusavice, Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 12th edition,
2012, Elsevier publications, Florida, Pp 231-254
O’Brien W.J. Dental materials and their selection,3rd
edition,2002, Quintessence publications Canada, Pp 156-
164
Ferracane J.L, Materials in Dentistry, 2nd edition, 2001,
Susan Katz publishers, USA, Pp 293-308
84. Craig . Powers and Wataha, Dental Materials,
Properties and manipulation, 8th edition,2005, Elsevier
publications, India , Pp 110-28
Kuhar M et al, Effects of polishing techniques on the
surface roughness of acrylic denture base resins, J
Prosthet Dent, 2005;93(1):76-85
Jefferies S R, Abrasive Finishing and Polishing in
Restorative Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review, Dent
Clin N Am 51 (2007) 379–397
The effect of grit size of diamonds on the dentinal
surface : Dr. Shivangi Sinha
85. Srividya S etal. Effect of different polishing agents on surface
finish and hardness on denture based acrylic resin : A
comparative study IJOPRD, 2011, 1(1) 7-11
Mörmann.W.H etal Wear characteristics of current aesthetic
dental restorative CAD/CAM materials: Two-body wear, gloss
retention, roughness and Martens hardness. Journal of the
Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ,2013 April, 20,
113–125
Santing, H. J., Occlusal Wear of Provisional Implant-
Supported Restorations. Clinical Implant Dentistry and
Related Research, April 2013
Editor's Notes
Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface of denture base acrylic resin.
Chairside silicone polishing kits produced a significantly smoother surface of acrylic resin than specimens polished with a tungsten carbide bur.