Dental auxiliaries assist dentists in providing dental care. They include non-operating roles like dental assistants and dental hygienists as well as operating roles like dental therapists. Dental auxiliaries must be licensed and trained, with duties varying depending on their role. Developing an effective dental workforce requires analyzing community dental health needs, supply of dentists and auxiliaries, and their utilization, then formulating policies around planning, incentives, and decision-making levels.

2. DENTAL MANPOWER
&
DENTAL AUXILIARY
PERSONNEL

3. INTRODUCTION
• Dental auxiliary is the person who assist
the dentist in treating patients.
• In Britain, they have been known as
“dental ancillaries”
• Auxiliary means, being helpful, subsidiary;
where as ancillary means subservient,
subordinate.

4. DENTIST
“A dentist is a person licensed to practice
dentistry under the law of appropriate state,
province, territory or nation.”
• QUALIFICATIONS:
1.Competion of an approved period of professional
education in an approved institution.
2.Demonstration of competence
3.Evidence of satisfactory personal qualities.

5. DENTAL
AUXILIARY/ANCILLARY
• DEFINITON:
“A dental auxiliary is a person who is
given responsibility by a dentist so
that he or she can help the dentist
render dental care, but who is not
himself or herself qualified with a
dental degree.”

6. • CLASSIFICATION: (WHO 1967, New Delhi)
1.Non- operating auxiliaries:
a) clinical
b) laboratory
2.Operating auxiliaries
• REVISED CLASSIFICATION:
1. Non- operating ancillaries:
- Dental surgery assistant
- Dental secretary / receptionist
- Dental laboratory technician
- Dental health educator
2. Operating ancillaries:
- School dental nurse
- Dental therapist
- Dental hygienist
- Expanded function dental ancillaries

7. • DENTAL SURGERY ASSISTANT:
- Is an non-operating auxiliary who assist the
dentist or dental hygienist in treating
patients, but who is not legally permitted
treat patient independently.
- Dr. Edmund Kells, New Orleans 1885 – ‘Lady
in attendance’
- various names:
a) Dental assistant
b) Chair side dental assistant
c) Dental nurse

8. • DUTIES:
1. Reception of the patient
2. Preparation of the patient for any treatment.
3. Preparation & provision of all necessary facilities ( mouth
washes, napkins )
4. Sterilization , care & preparation of instruments.
5. Preparation & mixing of restorative materials.
6. Care of the patient after treatment until they leave.
7. Preparation of the surgery for next patient.
8. Assistant with x-ray works.
9. Presentation of documents for filing.
10. Instruction of the patient about correct use of tooth brush.
11. Aftercare of patients received G.A

9. • DENTAL SECRETARY/
RECEPTIONIST:
“This is a person who assist the dentist
with his secretarial work & patient
reception duties.”

10. • DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN:
- Is who fulfils the prescriptions provided by
dentists regarding the extra oral
construction & repair of oral appliances &
bridge work.
- Also called as dental mechanics, who makes or
repairs denture & dental appliances.
- They receive their training at dental school or
technical college for a period of 2 years.

11. • FUNCTIONS:
1. Casting of models from impressions
2. Fabrication of dentures, splints, orthodontic
appliances, inlays, on lays & special trays.
• In U.S they were called as Denturist, to
fabricate dentures directly without a
dentist’s prescription, may be licensed or
registered. Their craft is called
“denturism.”
• Denturism is fitting & dispensing of
dentures illegally to the public.

12. • DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATOR:
“This is a person who instructs in the
prevention of dental disease & who may
also be permitted to apply preventive
agents intra orally.”

13. • SCHOOL DENTAL NURSE:
“ This is a person who is permitted to
diagnose dental disease & to plan &carry
out certain specified preventive &
treatment measure, including some
operative procedures in the treatment
of dental caries & periodontal disease in
defined groups of people, usually school
children.”

14. • This scheme was established in Wellington, New
Zealand in1921.
• T.A. Hunter – Founder, NZ Dental Association
• The training extends to over a period of 2 years to
cover both reversible &irreversible procedures.
• After training nurses are assigned to a school where
she is employed by the govt to provide regular dental
care of between 450 & 700 children.
• The dental nurse inspector who is delegated certain
responsibilities visits these school dental clinics
twice.

15. • DUTIES:
Oral examination
1. Prophylaxis
2. Topical fluoride application
3. Advice on dietary fluoride supplements
4. Administration of L.A.
5. Cavity preparation & placement of amalgam filling in primary &
permanent teeth.
6. Pulp capping
7. Extraction of primary teeth
8. Individual patient instruction in tooth brushing & oral hygiene.
9. Classroom & parent –teacher dental health education.
10. Referral of patient to private practitioners for complex
services.

16. DENTAL THERAPIST
• “This is a person who is permitted to
carry out to the prescription of a
supervising dentist, certain specified
preventive & treatment measures
including the preparation of cavities
& restoration of teeth.”

17. • The auxiliaries based on the New Zealand type of
graduated in1962 from Erstwhile training school in
the New Cross area of London known as “New Cross
Auxiliaries”
• They are trained for about 2 years includes
1. clinical caries diagnosis
2. cavity preparation in primary & permanent teeth
3. vital pulpotomies under rubber dam in deciduous
teeth under L.A
4. little training about interpretation of x-ray

18. DENTAL HYGIENIST
• “Is an operating auxiliary licensed & registered to
practice dental hygiene under laws of appropriate state,
province, territory or nation.”
• They work under supervision of dentists.
• Dr. Fones trained Mrs. Irene Newman on prophylaxis.
QUALIFICATIONS:
1. Completion of an approved period of education in an
approved institution.
2. Demonstration of competence
3. Demonstration of satisfactory personal qualities.

19. • FUNCTIONS:
1. Cleaning of mouths & teeth with particular
attention to calculus & stains.
2. Topical application of fluoride, sealants &
other prophylactic solutions.
3. Screening or preliminary examination of
patients as individuals or in groups
4. Instructions in oral hygiene.
5. Resource- work in the field of dental health.

20. EXPANDED FUNCTION
DENTAL AUXILIARY
• OTHER NAMES:
Expanded function
1. dental assistant
2. dental hygienist
3. dental techno therapist.

21. • Duties (Reversible Procedures)
1. Placing & removing rubber dams
2. Placing & removing temporary restorations
3. Placing & removing matrix bands
4. Condensing & carving amalgam restoration
5. Placing of acrylic restoration in prepared
teeth
6. Applying the final finish & polish to the
previously listed restorations

22. • FOUR LEVELS OF TRAINING AND
QUALIFICATION :
1. Certified dental assistant
2. Preventive dental assistant
3. Dental hygienist
4. Dental hygienist with expanded
duties.

23. FRONTIER AUXILIARIES
• Simple dental prophylaxis
• Basic dental health education
• Dental first aid
• Referral to the nearest dentist

24. NEW AUXILIARY TYPE
• WHO has suggested 2 new types of
dental auxiliaries,
1. The dental licentiate
2. The dental aid

25. Dental Licentiate
• Training – 2 years
• Duties
• Prophylaxis
• Cavity preparation and restoration of
primary and permanent teeth
• Extraction under LA
• Drainage of abscess
• Early recognition of serious dental
conditions

26. Dental aide
• Extraction of teeth under LA
• Control of hemorrhage
• Referral care

27. DEGREES OF SUPERVISION
ADA 1975
1. General
2. Indirect
3. Direct
4. Personal

28. DENTAL MANPOWER PLANNING
1.Analysis of existing situation.
a) Dental health needs & demands for services
b) Dental health manpower supply
c) Utilization of dental health manpower.
2.Policy formulation
a) Dental health manpower planning
b) Incentives & controls
c) Levels of decision making

29. • Dental health needs & demands for
services:
1. Met demand
2. Identified but unmet need
3. Unidentified need
• DEMANDS FOR DENTAL SERVICES:
1. Sources of data
2. Sampling problem
3. Frequency rather than type
4. Difficulty of recall
5. Blaming the deviant
6. Type of services

30. • FACTORS AFFECTING UTILIZATION:
1. Sociodemographic factors
2. Age
3. Sex
4. Education
5. Socioeconomic status
6. Income
7. Occupation
8. Residence
9. Socio cultural factors
10. Socio- psychological factors
11. Organizational factors
12. Economic factors

31. Supply of dental health manpower:
1. Supply of dentist
2. Growth trends in the supply of dental
manpower
3. Productivity of dentist
The utilization of dental health manpower

32. Policy formulation:
a) Dental health manpower planning
1.Supply & demand model
2.Functional analysis model
3.Target setting approach model
b) Incentives & controls
c) Levels of decision making

33. CONCLUSION
• The practice of dentistry involves a
personal relationship between the
dentist, dental auxiliaries & patients
who elect to seek professional
service from them within the walls of
the office.